Lokacin da kuka ji 'Precision Sand Casting', hoton nan da nan na iya kasancewa na ɓangarori, sassan sifofi na kusa. Wannan wani bangare ne na shi, amma ainihin nuance-kuma inda bayanai dalla-dalla suka sami kuskure - shine fahimtar cewa 'madaidaicin' anan ba game da bin jurewar matakin ƙaramin matakin kamar a cikin simintin saka hannun jari ba. Yana game da sarrafawa, juzu'i mai maimaitawa da amincin sararin samaniya a cikin tsari wanda ya fi ƙarfin gaske ga wasu iyalai. Rikicin gama gari yana ɗaukar shi azaman madadin arha zuwa gyare-gyaren harsashi ko ɓataccen kakin zuma, lokacin da ainihin mafita ce ta musamman don samar da ƙarar matsakaicin matsakaicin sassa inda kwanciyar hankali da ingancin ciki ba za a iya sasantawa ba.
Hakuri da Ba a Fahimta ba
Na tuna wani aikin shekaru da suka wuce don jikin bawul ɗin ruwa. Zane ya kira ± 0.5mm akan mahimman cibiyoyi. Abokin ciniki da farko ya tura don yin simintin saka hannun jari, yana tunanin ita ce kawai hanya. Mun yi jayayya don daidaitaccen yashi-ta amfani da tsarin tushen zircon da tsarin gyare-gyaren sarrafawa tam. Dabarar ba kawai yashi ba; kayan aikin ƙirar ne, ƙirar ƙofa, da tsayayyen zagayowar warkewa. Mun buga ± 0.4mm akai-akai, amma mafi mahimmanci, amincin matsi ya kasance mafi girma saboda mafi kyawun tsarin hatsi da muka samu. 'Madaidaicin' yana cikin sarrafa tsari, ba kawai kayan farawa ba.
Inda ya faɗi takaice, a zahiri, yana kan bangon bakin ciki. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin zuwa ƙasa da 3mm akan babban simintin gyare-gyare, kuna cikin harsashi ko yankin saka hannun jari. Tsarin ɗaure a daidaitaccen yashi yana da iyaka akan iya gudana. Na ga masana'antun suna ƙoƙarin tura shi, yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa waɗanda suka yi kama da kamala a gefe guda kuma suna da ɓarna a ɗayan. Ƙayyadaddun abu ne dole ku mutunta.
Wannan ya haɗu da abin da shago kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) zai jaddada tare da shekaru talatin na yin simintin gyare-gyare. Suna jera ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari daban don dalili. Lokacin da kuke gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, kuna haɓaka fahimtar inda kowannensu ya dace da gaske. Ayyukansu na dogon lokaci yana nuna sun ga tsadar aikace-aikacen rashin amfani-inda tilasta wani bangare cikin tsarin da ba daidai ba yana haifar da ɗigon hanyoyi ko tsadar injina daga baya.
The Core: Binders da Sand Systems
Zuciyar tsari shine sinadarai mai ɗaure-sanda. Akwatin sanyi na urethane na phenolic shine dokin aiki, amma 'daidaicin' sau da yawa yana fitowa daga yashi kanta. Silica misali ne, amma ga ƙarfe ko maɗaurin zafin jiki, motsawa zuwa chromite ko yashi zircon shine mai canza wasa don maimaita juzu'i. Ƙididdigar faɗaɗawar thermal yana ƙasa da ƙasa. Ƙarancin faɗaɗawa yayin zuwo yana nufin ƙarancin ɗigon geometric. Ya fi tsada, don haka ba za ku yi amfani da shi don murfin rami ba, amma don gidan famfo a cikin bakin karfe? Mahimmanci.
Mun koyi wannan ta hanya mai wuya a kan nau'in injin famfo a cikin CF8M. Yin amfani da madaidaicin silica, muna da daidaitattun batutuwan raguwa akan tukwici, suna buƙatar gyare-gyare mai yawa. An canza shi zuwa tsarin zircon, ya sake tsara masu ciyarwa kaɗan, kuma adadin ya ragu daga 15% zuwa ƙasa da 2%. Farashin yashi ya haura 40%, amma jimlar kudin ya ragu da kashi 18%. Wannan shine nau'in lissafin ciniki-kashe wanda ke bayyana ainihin ainihin yashi simintin gyare-gyare.
Ba sihiri bane. Matsakaicin ɗaure, lokacin iskar gas, sharewa-kowane daƙiƙa yana ƙididdigewa. Wani nau'in da bai warke ba zai wanke. Wanda aka warke fiye da kima ya zama mai karye kuma yana iya haifar da haɗawa. Ƙwarewar ita ce a buga shi don takamaiman ɓangaren lissafi da gami. Wannan shine inda gwaninta, kamar wanda aka gina a kamfani kamar QSY, ya zama abin gani. Ba za ku iya sarrafa wannan hukuncin ba.
Ciyarwa da Ciyarwa: Gine-ginen Gaibu
Wannan shine inda samfuran CAD ba su yi kama da ƙirar ƙarshe ba. Ƙofar don madaidaicin yashi sau da yawa ya fi zafi fiye da yashi kore. Kuna buƙatar cike da sauri don amfani da mafi kyawun yuwuwar kammala saman. Amma cike da sauri na iya nufin tashin hankali. Muna amfani da matattarar yumbu a cikin addini yanzu - sassauƙan tubalan da aka sanya a cikin mai gudu. Yana ƙara farashi, amma raguwa a cikin haɗaɗɗun oxide, musamman a cikin allurai kamar na tushen nickel, yana da ban mamaki. Ba za a iya sasantawa ba ga kowane ɓangaren da aka ƙaddara don ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi.
Zane-zanen ciyarwa wani fasaha ne na dabara. Ƙarfin ƙwanƙolin da aka warke yana nufin yana ƙin ƙarfin ƙarfe, wanda zai iya hana ciyarwa idan ba a yi hankali ba. Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar manyan masu ciyarwa ko fiye da su idan aka kwatanta da koren yashi na sashi ɗaya. Na tuna wani kaya mai kauri mai kauri inda muka kwafi girman feeder daga wani koren yashi. Ya ƙare tare da ƙaƙƙarfan rami mai raguwa a cibiyar. Dole ne a koma baya, ƙara ma'aunin wuyan mai ciyarwa, kuma ƙara hannun riga don kiyaye shi ya daɗe. Ya warware shi. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren juzu'i ne waɗanda ake gasa su cikin ƙa'idar aiki mai tushe.
Neman lissafin kayan aiki daga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.Alloys na musamman, tushen cobalt, tushen nickel - kun san dole ne su mallaki wannan. Waɗancan gami suna da mummunan halayen ciyarwa. Samun simintin sauti a cikinsu tare da yashi madaidaici tabbataccen ƙwarewar fasaha ce ta kafuwa.
Machining Allowance: Mahimman Bayanai
Wannan babban wurin siyarwa ne. Tsarin yashi mai kyau da aka gudanar zai iya sauke kayan aikin injin zuwa 1.5-2mm kowace fuska, wani lokacin ma 1mm akan barga. Wancan babban kayan abinci ne akan lokacin CNC da kayan aiki. Amma ba garanti ba. Dole ne a yi shawarwari da izinin bisa takamaiman fasalin. Falo mai lebur? 1.5mm zai iya zama mai kyau. Ketare layin raba ko kusa da cibiya? Kuna iya buƙatar 3mm. Na yi kira da fushi daga shagunan injuna lokacin da wani tsari ya shigo tare da abin da suke ganin 'rashin wadataccen kayayyaki', kawai sai aka ga bambancin ya fito ne daga ainihin canjin da ba mu cika lissafinsu ba.
Haɗin gwiwa tare da machining yana da mahimmanci. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, kamar menene QSY karin bayanai tare da haɗin gwiwar simintin su da sabis na injin CNC, suna da fa'ida. Ƙungiyar mashin ɗin su tana ciyar da bayanan juzu'i kai tsaye zuwa tushen. Wannan rufaffiyar madauki yana ba da damar ci gaba da ƙarfafa tsarin. Idan simintin gyare-gyare da injina suna cikin kamfanoni daban-daban, wannan ra'ayin yawanci yana jinkiri, tacewa, kuma ana siyasantar da shi.
Mun kafa wata doka mai sauƙi: rahoton binciken labarin farko daga machining yana zuwa ga injiniyan tsarin tushen, ba kawai tallace-tallace ba. Rage takaddamar alawus din injina da kashi 70% a cikin shekara guda. Ya tilasta wa kowa magana yare iri ɗaya na datums da siffofi masu aunawa.
Lokacin Ya Kasa, kuma Me yasa
Kasawa suna koyarwa. Mafi na kowa wanda nake gani shine veining-wadannan lahani-kamar fin akan saman. Yawanci rashin daidaituwa ne tsakanin faɗaɗa zafin yashi da ƙarfin zafi mai ɗaure. Wani lokaci ana gyara shi ta hanyar sauya maki yashi; wani lokacin yana buƙatar tweak zuwa rabo mai ƙara kuzari. Aikin bincike ne.
Babban rashin nasara mafi muni shine motsin bangon ƙira yayin zubowa, yana haifar da babban kuskuren girma. Wannan kusan ko da yaushe wani abin ƙira ne ko babban akwati - sawa kayan aiki, rashin isasshen tallafi. Matsala ce ta jari, ba tsari ba. Tsare-tsare da suka lalace ba zai iya bayarwa ba daidaitaccen yashi simintin gyaran kafa, lokaci. Wannan alama ce mai shuru na lafiyar shago. Idan kun ziyarci kuma ku ga kayan aiki masu tsabta, kayan aiki masu kyau, alama ce mai kyau. Idan an guntu tsarin kuma an riƙe su tare da tef, tafi.
Tsawon rayuwa wanda tarihin shekaru 30 na QSY ya nuna yana nuna cewa sun kewaya waɗannan zagayowar babban birnin. Tsayar da daidaiton tsari a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na samarwa ga abokan ciniki daban-daban shine ainihin ƙwarewar da ba ta bayyana akan takamaiman takaddar ba.
The Real-Duniya Niche
To, a ina yake zaune a yau? Ba don yin samfuri ba — farashin ƙirar ya yi yawa. Ba don sassa mafi sauƙi ba - yashi kore yana da rahusa. Matsayinsa mai dadi shine matsakaici-zuwa babban girma (guda 500-10,000 a kowace shekara) abubuwan da ke buƙatar ingantacciyar iko da ƙarewa fiye da yashi koren da zai iya bayarwa, amma ba su da cikakkun cikakkun bayanai ko bangon bakin ciki waɗanda ke ba da izinin yin simintin saka hannun jari. Yi tunanin gidaje masu kwampreso, jikin bawul, akwatunan gear matsakaita, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa.
Samfurin kayan abu shine babban ƙari. Motsawa daga baƙin ƙarfe ductile zuwa gariyar tushen nickel sau da yawa kawai yana buƙatar canjin tsarin yashi da daidaita yanayin zafi a cikin ƙirar. Ainihin dabaru dabaru ya rage. Wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin masana'antun da aka haɗa, musamman waɗanda ke ba da makamashi da sassan injuna masu nauyi, suka dogara da shi.
A karshe, daidaitaccen yashi simintin gyaran kafa shaida ce ta ingantacciyar sulhu. Yana yarda da ainihin ƙayyadaddun yashi don samun daidaito da daidaiton tsari, sannan yana amfani da sinadarai, sarrafa zafi, da tsauraran tsari don tura wannan tsarin zuwa daidaitaccen iyakarsa. Tsari ne ga injiniyoyi waɗanda suka fahimci cewa masana'anta shine zaɓin mafi kyawun mafita, ba kawai wanda ke da mafi ƙarancin lamba akan takarda ba. Wannan hukunci ne wanda kawai ya zo daga ganin sassan sun yi nasara, kuma sun kasa, a kan shagon shekaru.
