Lokacin da yawancin jama'a suka ji 'madaidaicin screw machining', nan da nan sukan zana lathes iri-iri na Swiss suna fitar da ƙananan sassa masu rikitarwa. Wannan ba laifi ba ne, amma kallon matakin sama ne. Kalubale na ainihi, ɓangaren da ke raba shaguna, ba wai kawai game da riƙe da haƙuri ba ne kawai - yana da game da gudanar da tsarin rayuwa na wani bangare, daga halin kayan aiki zuwa matsalolin machining, musamman ma lokacin da kuke hulɗa da abubuwa masu wuya irin su nickel-based alloys. Na ga ƙira da yawa sun shigo cikin waɗanda ke ba da ƙayyadaddun juriya fiye da larura, haɓaka farashi ba tare da fa'ida ba. Madaidaicin yana cikin tsarawa, ba kawai yanke ba.
Kayan shine Tsarin Farko
Ba za ku iya magana game da madaidaicin aiki ba tare da farawa da hannun jari ba. Wannan shi ne inda zato da yawa suka gaza. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekaru talatin da suka gabata a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, suna samun wannan a hankali. Ba wai kawai suna karɓar billet ba; sukan fara da nasu simintin gyare-gyare. Halin kamanni, yanayin damuwa na ciki daga ƙirar harsashi ko tsarin simintin saka hannun jari-wanda ke saita matakin ga duk abin da ya biyo baya. Idan tushen kayan yana da rashin daidaituwa, tsarin aikin injin ku yana tattara su kawai, ba ƙirƙirar daidaito ba.
Yin aiki tare da gami na musamman, ka ce don maɗaurin sararin samaniya mai zafi, yana canza wasan gaba ɗaya. Alloys na tushen Cobalt suna aiki da sauri. Hanyar kayan aikinku, ciyarwarku, da saurin ku sun zama tattaunawa tare da kayan, ba umarni ba. Madaidaicin shirin da ba shi da lissafi don wannan zai samar da wani yanki mai ƙayatarwa mai kyau wanda ke cike da ƙananan fashe ko kuma yana da shimfidar ƙasa mai taurin aiki wanda zai gaza a sabis. Haƙuri akan bugu na iya zama ± 0.0005, amma ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙimar tsarin hatsi.
Na tuna da wani aiki don tushe mai sarrafa ruwa. Buga ya yi kira ga bakin karfe 316, amma aikace-aikacen ya ƙunshi damuwa na cyclic. Mun ba da shawarar canzawa zuwa bambance-bambancen da aka narkar da vacuum tare da tsauraran iko akan haɗawa. Farashin kowane fanko ya haura, amma raguwar lalacewa na kayan aiki da kawar da gazawar lokaci-lokaci yayin gwajin hujja ya sami girma. The daidai dunƙule machining ya kasance iri ɗaya akan takarda, amma sakamakon ya bambanta saboda ana ɗaukar kayan azaman mai canzawa, ba koyaushe ba.
Inda Casting Ya Haɗu da Machining: Mahimman Hannun Hannu
Wannan shine sirrin miya don ayyukan haɗin gwiwa a tsaye. A wurin da ke yin duka biyun, kamar QSY, ƙungiyar mashin ɗin ba ta aiki da simintin gyare-gyaren da ba a bayyana ba. Suna da tarihi da shi. Sun san alawus na raguwa da aka yi amfani da su, wuraren ƙofa na yau da kullun, yuwuwar ƙaramin yanki mai ƙarfi a cikin wasu geometries. Ba a rubuta wannan akan kowane matafiyi ba; ilimin kabilanci ne.
Don hadadden gidaje da aka jefar da jarin da ke buƙatar madaidaitan tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zare, injin injin ya san waɗanne datum ɗin ne suka fi dogaro daga simintin. Suna iya barin ƙarin rabin milimita akan takamaiman bango, ba saboda bugu yana buƙatar shi ba, amma saboda sun san bangon da ke cikin wannan gami yana ɗaukar ɗanɗano kaɗan yayin maganin zafi, kuma za su buga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai bayan wannan matakin. Wannan shine daidai dunƙule machining tunani a cikin nau'i hudu, ƙara lokaci da jerin tsari a cikin tarin haƙuri.
Yanayin gazawar hannun kashewa da na gani shine lokacin da aka rufe injina. Suna samun simintin simintin gyare-gyare, matsa shi, kuma suna fara yankewa. Idan simintin yana da ɗan ƙaramin baka daga saura na damuwa, za su yi injina kai tsaye... kawai don su dawo da shi bayan an saki maƙullan. Sashin yanzu ya zama guntu, amma an auna shi daidai akan CMM yayin da aka kafa shi. Haɗin kai yana hana wannan. Tsarin mashin ɗin wani ɓangare ne na bita da ƙira na simintin gyaran kafa.
Falsafar Kayan aiki: Ba kawai Game da Kayan aiki ba
Yi magana da kowane mashin ɗin, kuma za su yi amfani da kayan aikin geometries da sutura. Wannan yana da mahimmanci. Amma falsafar da ke bayan dabarar kayan aiki ita ce ke bayyana iyawar shago. Don madaidaicin madaidaici, ƙananan aiki akan allo, game da tsinkaya ne, ba kawai aikin kololuwa ba.
We standardized on a specific brand of micro-grain carbide inserts for finishing ops on steel alloys. Ba wai don sun kasance mafi tsananin wahala ba, amma saboda yanayin sanyewar su ya kasance madaidaiciya kuma ana iya faɗi. Za mu iya gudanar da sassa ɗari, auna lalacewa na kayan aiki, da kuma dogaron hasashen lokacin da za a canza abubuwan da aka saka kafin juriyar juriya. Wannan yana da ban sha'awa, daidaitaccen rashin jima'i. Ba ya samun lambobin yabo na sauri, amma yana kawar da batches. Kuna iya samun wannan tsarin da ya dace daki-daki a cikin albarkatun fasaha akan rukunin yanar gizo kamar tsingtaocnc.com, inda aka mayar da hankali kan amincin tsari don abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci.
Coolant ba kawai mai mai; tsarin kula da zafi ne. Lokacin da kake riƙe da kashi goma a kan dunƙule bakin karfe, zafin yankan yana buƙatar cirewa akai-akai. Matsakaicin ma'aunin ma'aunin Celsius 5 a cikin ɓangaren zafin jiki na iya busa haƙuri. Muna da aiki inda sassa da aka auna in-spec a injin amma sun kasa QA na ƙarshe. Batun? Dakin CMM ya kasance mai sanyaya digiri 10. Sassan sun yi yarjejeniya. Madaidaicin ya ɓace zuwa ilimin lissafi na asali. Yanzu, ma'aunin zafi yana cikin jerin abubuwan binciken mu na farko.
The Fixturing Fallacy
Kowa ya san cewa gyara mai kyau shine mabuɗin. Rushewar tunani mai rikitarwa ce, kayan aiki na al'ada koyaushe shine amsar. Don gaskiya daidai dunƙule machining, musamman akan gadon gadoji Multi-spindle automatics ko Swiss lathes, wani lokacin mafi kyawun mafita shine ingantaccen ma'auni kollet ko wurin da aka sanya a hankali.
Na koyi wannan da wuya. An ƙera ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki don dangi na sassan haɗin tagulla. Yana riƙe shida lokaci ɗaya, yana sarrafa duk fasalulluka a cikin op ɗaya. A ka'idar, cikakke. A aikace, duk wani ɗan guntu da aka saka a cikin kayan aiki zai karkatar da wani sashi a hankali, ya wargaza duka. Mun ɓata lokaci mai yawa don tsaftacewa da tabbatar da kayan aiki fiye da sassa masu gudana. Komawa zuwa sassauƙa, riƙon aiki mai kashi ɗaya. Lokacin zagayowar kowane sashi ya fi tsayi, amma gabaɗayan kayan aiki da yawan amfanin ƙasa sun yi tashin gwauron zabi. Madaidaicin sau da yawa shine game da rage masu canji, ba ƙara rikitarwa ba.
Na dogon lokaci, screws na bakin ciki-tunanin skru gubar ko ramukan kunnawa-madaidaicin shine gabaɗayan tsari. Kuna fada da karkacewa. Dabarar ba koyaushe ba ce tsayayye ba. Wani lokaci jerin ayyuka ne: juya, rage damuwa, sannan gama juyawa. Kuna injin sashin sau biyu don bari ya sami yanayin yanayinsa tsakanin. Lokacin injin yana ninka, amma ɓangaren yana aiki. Wannan ƙididdigar fa'ida ce da ba za ku samu ba a cikin littafin karatu.
Aunawa Tsari ne Ba Mataki ba
Binciken ƙarshe ba shine kula da inganci ba; dubawa ne. An gina ingancin gaske a cikin tsari. Don screw machining, wannan yana nufin ma'aunin aiki, tarin bayanan SPC akan ma'auni masu mahimmanci, da kuma-mahimmanci-fahimtar abin da kuke aunawa.
Sashin dasa shuki na likitanci mai zaren zai iya samun cikakken babban diamita da farar. Amma idan tushen zaren yana da ƙananan radius daga kayan aiki da aka sawa, ya zama mai mayar da hankali ga damuwa. Daidaitaccen ma'aunin toshe zaren zai wuce shi. Na'urar kwatancen gani ko profilometer na iya kama shi. Ma'anar madaidaicin wannan ɓangaren ya haɗa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarewa a cikin tushen. Dole ne ku auna abin da ya dace.
Mun haɗa micrometer laser mai sauƙi akan kayan abinci don aikin fil mai girma. Ba don rarrabuwa ba; shi ne don saka idanu. Ganin diamita na barasa mai shigowa ta ƴan microns ya ba mu damar daidaita kayan aiki da ƙarfi kafin ɓarna daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Wannan shine tunanin: ma'auni azaman madauki na amsa ga na'ura, ba kawai hanyar wucewa/ƙofa ta kasa a ƙarshe ba. Ya yi daidai da cikakkiyar hanyar da kuke gani daga kafaffen masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke ɗaukar cikakken sarkar, daga zaɓin gami zuwa awo na ƙarshe.
Komawa Duka Falo
To ina wannan ya bar mu? Mashin ɗin mashin daidaici ba sashe ba; al'ada ce. Mutum ne wanda ke magana da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ke magana da mai shirya shirye-shirye, wanda ke sauraron mashin ɗin da ke gudanar da aikin, wanda ke ba da bayanai zuwa ga injiniya mai inganci. Yana da game da yanke shawara tare da dukan tsari a zuciya.
Lokacin da kuka kalli iyawar kamfani, kamar waɗanda aka zayyana don QSY, maɓalli ba shine jerin injina ba. Wannan shi ne yadda suka shafe shekaru sama da 30 suna yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya. Wannan tsawon rai yana nuna sun magance waɗannan matsalolin haɗin kai. Wataƙila sun koyi, ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure, yadda ake yin simintin gyare-gyare ba tare da gigice shi ba, yadda za a zaɓi abin da zai iya yin na'ura mai tsafta da aiki a cikin filin, kuma lokacin da ± 0.001 haƙuri ya isa.
Gwajin ƙarshe koyaushe shine ɓangaren aikace-aikacen. Na ga screws ɗin da aka ƙera da gaske sun gaza saboda daidaitaccen fata ne kawai. Kuma na ga ɓangarorin da ke da ƴan ƙananan wurare a kan filaye marasa mahimmanci suna yin aibi shekaru da yawa saboda an yi mahimman fasali tare da zurfin fahimtar abu, tsari, da aiki. Wannan shine ainihin manufar. Ba daidai ba ne, mai jujjuyawa, kuma cike da kiraye-kirayen hukunci. Kuma wannan shine abin da ya sa ya zama sana'a na gaske, ba kawai layi a kan takardar iyawa ba.
