Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'bakin ƙarfe madaidaicin simintin simintin', suna ɗaukar hoto mara aibi, abin haske kai tsaye daga cikin ƙasidar. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Gaskiyar ita ce, 'daidaici' anan shine ɗan dangi, tattaunawa akai-akai tsakanin ingantacciyar ƙirar CAD da taurin ilimin lissafi na narkakken ƙarfe. Ba kawai game da m tolerances; yana game da sarrafa murdiya, tsinkayar raguwa ga kowane takamaiman maki na bakin ciki, da sanin wane ƙarshen farfajiyar da gaske za'a iya cimma 'as-simintin' tare da abin da ke buƙatar injin injin. Na ga zane-zane da yawa waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da simintin saka hannun jari don ƙaƙƙarfan sa amma kuma suna buƙatar jure wa juzu'i na na'ura akan kowane fage - hanya ce ta tabbatacciya don busa kasafin kuɗi. Fasaha ta gaskiya ta ta'allaka ne ga sanin abin da tsari zai iya ba ku ta halitta kuma inda dole ne ku shiga tsakani.
Jigon Tsari: Duk Game da Shell ne
Komai yana rataye akan harsashi yumbura. Yawancin sababbin masu zuwa don samowa suna tunanin karfe shine tauraro, amma harsashi shine mataki, darekta, da masu zanen kaya duk a daya. Harsashi mai rauni yana nufin gudu ko fin; harsashi marar daidaituwa yana kaiwa ga kaurin bango mara daidaituwa. Muna ciyar da kwanaki, wani lokacin makwanni, kawai akan tsarin slurry da tsarin stuccoing. Don madaidaicin famfo mai ƙarfi a cikin 316L, alal misali, zamu iya amfani da gashin farko na silica ɗin fused don ingantaccen saman ƙasa, amma canza zuwa zircon don rigunan ajiyar ajiya don mafi girman refractoriness. Waɗannan zaɓin ne, galibi marasa ganuwa a ɓangaren ƙarshe, waɗanda ke ƙayyade nasara ko yadi mai cike da tarkace.
Sarrafa zafin jiki yayin cirewa wani kisa shiru ne. Yayi sauri sosai, kuma harsashi yana fashe daga kakin zuma mai faɗaɗa. Jinkirin ya yi yawa, kuma kuna barin ragowar da ke juyawa zuwa abubuwan haɗa carbon yayin zuba. Ina tunawa da wani tsari don dacewa da ruwa inda muke da ƙaramin tanda mai daidaitawa - kawai digiri 15 a ma'aunin Celsius fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Sakamakon bai gaza nan da nan ba; harsashi yayi kyau. Amma yayin da ake zubawa, waɗancan ƙananan fasahohin sun ba da izinin shigar ƙarfe, suna haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan farfajiyar ciki, mara karɓuwa wanda ba za a iya gano shi ba har sai da na'ura ta farko ta wuce. Wannan darasi ne mai tsada wajen dogara, amma tabbatarwa, kowane siga guda ɗaya.
Sannan akwai ƙonawa. Ba wai kawai narke da kakin zuma ba ne. Yana nufin canza duk wani abu da ya rage zuwa toka wanda za'a iya fitar dashi, ba tare da barin carbon a baya don gurbata bakin karfe ba. Don maki biyu kamar 2205, wannan yana da matuƙar mahimmanci saboda abun cikin carbon yana tasiri ga juriya na lalata kai tsaye. Ba za ku iya ƙone shi da zafi ba; kuna bin madaidaicin zagayowar zafi. Wannan shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na aiki, kamar irin wanda aka gina a kamfani kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yi bambanci. Kuna haɓaka jin daɗin sa. Su dogon lokaci mayar da hankali a kan harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa kuma zuba jari yana ba da shawara mai zurfi, ilimin aiki na waɗannan matakai marasa kyau amma mahimman matakai.
Material Ba Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Shaida ba ne kawai
Ƙayyade bakin karfe yana kama da faɗin abin hawa-ba shi da ma'ana ba tare da nau'in ba. 304, 316, 17-4PH, 2205—dukkansu suna da hali daban-daban a cikin crucible da mold. 304 yana da ɗan gafartawa, amma raguwa yana da mahimmanci. 17-4PH, matakin hazo-hardening, yana da ban mamaki don ƙarfi-zuwa-nauyi, amma mafarki ne mai zafi don tsagewar zafi idan ba a tsara tsarin gating ɗinku da haɓakawa don ɗaukar tsarin ƙarfafawar sa ba. Ba za ku iya amfani da dabaru na ciyarwa iri ɗaya don kowane gami ba.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tare da samfuri don maƙallan sararin samaniya. Buga ya kira 17-4PH a yanayin H900. Mun jefa shi, mun yi masa injin, mun yi maganin zafi. Ya wuce juzu'i cak amma ya kasa binciken ultrasonic. Ƙananan hawaye masu zafi na ciki. Batun? Masu tayar da mu, cikakke don 316, ba su samar da isassun ƙarfafawar jagora don wannan gami na musamman ba. Dole ne mu koma baya, mu sake kwaikwayi ƙarfafawar tare da ainihin kaddarorin kayan aiki, sannan mu sake tsara fasalin gating gaba ɗaya. Ya kara makonni uku a cikin aikin. Yanzu, ga kowane sabon gami, musamman ma musamman gami kamar masu tushen nickel, mun dage kan gudanar da ƙaramin kumfa na gwaji da farko don ganin yadda a zahiri ke ciyarwa da raguwa a cikin takamaiman mahallin mu.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa haɗin gwiwa tare da ginin da ke fahimtar ƙarfe da gaske ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Ba wai kawai narke da zuba ba; yana da game da sanin cewa don babban alloy nickel, kuna buƙatar sarrafa yawan zafin jiki zuwa cikin taga 30-digiri don guje wa rarrabuwa, ko kuma don wasu aikace-aikacen, kuna iya ba da shawarar wani nau'i daban-daban, mafi ƙarancin ƙima wanda ya dace da buƙatun aiki a ƙasan haɗari. Shagon da ke da shekaru 30 a cikin wasan, kamar QSY, zai fuskanci waɗannan ƙayyadaddun aljanu kuma sun gina mafita a cikin tsarin su. Kuna iya samun hangen nesa na kayan aikin su akan rukunin yanar gizon su a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Inda Ya Ƙare Ƙarshen Simintin Ƙarshen Kuma Ya Fara Mashina
Wannan shine babban abin hannu, kuma shine inda ayyuka da yawa suke tuntuɓe. A'a bakin karfe daidai simintin gyaran kafa shi ne ainihin net-siffa don sassa masu aiki. A koyaushe akwai fuskokin datum da za a ƙera, zaren da za a taɓa, ko rufe saman da za a gama. Makullin shine tallafin hannun jari na dabarun. Sanya jari da yawa a ko'ina don zama lafiya, kuma kuna ɓatar da kuɗi akan wuce gona da iri na ƙarfe da lokacin injina. Saka kadan, kuma kuna haɗarin keta fata, yana fallasa yuwuwar porosity na ƙasa.
Manufar ita ce haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar mashin ɗin daga tsarin ƙira. Koyaushe muna nufin gano mahimman mu'amala da wuri-ce, fuskar flange wanda ke haɗuwa da wani sashi ko kuma abin da zai iya ɗauka. Waɗannan wuraren suna samun niyya, daidaitaccen izinin haja, yawanci kawai 0.5-1mm. Za a iya barin filaye marasa mahimmanci a cikin yanayin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, wanda, idan tsarin harsashin ku yana da kyau, zai iya zama kyakkyawan ƙarewa mai tsabta. Wannan haɗin gwiwar hanya ita ce ke raba mai siyar da sassa daga mai samar da mafita. A bayyane yake daga hadayun QSY Injin CNC cewa suna aiki akan wannan ka'ida, suna sarrafa tsari daga mold zuwa gama aikin injin, wanda ke kawar da babban kuskuren sadarwa da nunin yatsa mai inganci.
Na tuna wani aikin jikin bawul inda ƙirar simintin farko ke da haja na 3mm iri ɗaya. Mashin din ya kashe kashi 80% na lokacinsa yana cire karafa daga wuraren da ba ya aiki. Ta hanyar sake fasalin simintin gyare-gyare don ƙara kayan aiki kawai a inda ake buƙata don sarrafa datums da hatimi mai mahimmanci, mun rage nauyin simintin gabaɗaya da kashi 18% kuma mun yanke lokacin injina cikin rabi. Adadin ya kasance ban mamaki. Darasi? Daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare yana da yawa game da raguwar hankali a ƙasa kamar yadda yake game da ƙari mai sarrafawa a cikin tushe.
Haƙiƙanin Haƙuri da Ƙarshe
Matsayin masana'antu kamar ISO 8062 yana ba ku ƙungiyoyin juriya, amma suna farawa, ba garanti ba. Haƙurin CT5 akan girman 50mm shine a ka'idar ± 0.35mm. Amma za ku iya riƙe wannan a cikin duka tsari, akan kowane fasali? Ba zai yiwu ba. Siffofin da ke kan layin rabuwa zasu sami ƙarin bambance-bambance. Ganuwar bakin ciki suna da wahalar sarrafawa fiye da masu kauri. Hukuncin ƙwararru na ainihi shine sanin waɗanne haƙƙoƙin kasuwanci ne (jama'a na lissafi) kuma waɗanda suke da mahimmanci (daidai, aiki). Kuna yin shawarwari da mayar da hankali kan sarrafa tsarin ku akan masu mahimmanci.
Ƙarshen saman wani yanki ne da ya nuna rashin fahimta. Na al'ada zuba jari zai iya cimma Ra na 3.2 zuwa 6.3 micrometers as-cast. Yana da kyau, amma ba a goge shi ba. Idan kuna buƙatar Ra 0.8 don hatimi mai ƙarfi, kuna buƙatar machining ko goge goge. Tsarin simintin zai iya kusantar ku, amma ba zai iya yin mu'ujizai ba. Na sami abokan ciniki suna neman ƙarewar madubi kai tsaye daga ƙirar. Ba ya aiki haka. Dole ne ku bayyana girman hatsin yumbu, mu'amala tsakanin suturar farko da ƙarfe-iyaka ce ta jiki.
Ka'idodin duba gani kuma suna buƙatar tsabta. Menene ƙananan ajizanci mai karɓuwa? Ƙananan haɗawa akan wurin da ba a matsawa ba, wanda ba kayan kwalliya ba na iya zama cikakkiyar karbuwa ta kowane ma'auni na ASTM, amma abokin ciniki da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙira ko injinan sassa na iya ƙi shi. Saita waɗannan tsammanin gaba, tare da samfuran jiki idan zai yiwu, yana da mahimmanci. Zai fi kyau a nuna samfurin tare da nau'in yanayi na yau da kullum fiye da yin jayayya bayan an yi guda 500.
Kasawa Su ne Malamai na Gaskiya
Ba ka koyi daidaito daga cikakkun umarni ba; ka koya daga cikin kwandon shara. Mun taɓa samun matsala mai maimaitawa tare da micro-porosity a cikin tsakiyar ƙaramin injin turbine. Ya wuce X-ray amma ya kasa ƙarƙashin gwajin damuwa. Mun tweaked komai: zub da zafi, harsashi preheat, gami abun da ke ciki. Babu wani abu da ya yi aiki akai-akai. A ƙarshe, a cikin ɗan lokaci na takaici, mun kalli tsarin kakin zuma kanta. An makala ƙofar allurar daidai a cibiyar matsala, ta haifar da wuri mai zafi na gida. Ta hanyar matsar da wurin ƙofa kawai da ƙara ƙaramin sanyi a cikin ƙirar a wancan wurin, mun tura gaba mai ƙarfi kuma mun kawar da porosity. Matsalar ba karfe ba; shi ne thermal geometry da muka ƙirƙira.
Wani gazawa ta al'ada shine ɗaukan duk aikin bayan aiki daidai ne. Mun aika da simintin gyare-gyare 316 don wucewa ga sabon mai siyarwa. Sun yi amfani da wanka na nitric acid, daidaitaccen aiki. Amma wankan nasu ya gurbace da sinadarin chloride daga aikin da suka yi a baya. Sakamakon wani bangare ne wanda ya gaza yin gwajin feshin gishiri da ban mamaki. Simintin gyare-gyaren yana da kyau, amma sarrafa sarkar kayan mu ba ta kasance ba. Yanzu, mun cancanci abokan aikinmu na gamawa da tsauri kamar yadda muke aiwatar da ayyukanmu. Wannan iko na ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen shine, a gani na, alamar mai balagagge. Irin cikakkiyar kulawa ce kamfani ke ginawa sama da shekaru 30 a cikin kasuwanci, sarrafa komai daga jefa baƙin ƙarfe zuwa ga m alloys karkashin rufin daya.
Don haka, idan kun duba bakin karfe daidai simintin gyaran kafa, kar kawai ganin jumlolin ƙarshe. Dubi tanki mai slurry, sigogin zafin jiki, ƙayyadaddun kwaikwaiyo, handoff zuwa na'urar CNC, da darussa masu wahala daga kurakuran da suka gabata. Ana samun madaidaicin, ba a ba da shi ba, ta hanyar dubun ƙanana, matakan sarrafawa da zurfin fahimtar inda ƙarfin yanayin tsarin yake da kuma inda dole ne a tilasta su cikin layi. Abin da kuke siya ke nan.
