Lokacin da kuka ji 'kayan aikin simintin yashin bakin karfe,' yawancin masu hankali suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa babban simintin simintin gyare-gyare don manyan injuna. Wannan gaskiya ne, amma kuma shine mafi girman sauƙaƙawa a cikin aikin. Ainihin labarin ba wai kawai game da zuba karfe a cikin yashi ba; game da gudanar da yaƙi tsakanin sauye-sauyen ruwa, ƙarfe, da ƙarancin yashi. Alkawarin wani hadadden sashi mai jurewa lalata kodayaushe yana cikin sabani da haqiqanin rashin jin kunya, iyakoki na saman ƙasa, da yaƙi na har abada da haɗawa. Na ga zane-zane da yawa sun shigo waɗanda suka dace don simintin saka hannun jari amma mafarki mai ban tsoro ga yashi, kawai saboda ba a fahimtar bambance-bambance a gaba.
Yashi Da Kansa Tsari Ne
Yana farawa da mold, a fili. Amma koren yashi da yashi mai hade da guduro ba zabi bane kawai; sadaukarwa ce ta daban-daban na matsaloli. Muna amfani da furon no-bake mai yawa don aikin mu na bakin ciki a shagon. Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali ya fi kyau ga mafi girma, sassa masu nauyi da muke hulɗa da su akai-akai, kamar gidajen famfo ko jikin bawul. Amma fa'ida ita ce iskar gas. Idan samun iska a cikin ma'adanin bai tabo ba, ko kuma idan cakuda yashi ya kashe da ɗan juzu'i, za ku sami pinholing a saman simintin da ke da kyau bayan girgizawa amma yana nunawa a matsayin lahani yayin injin. Rashin jinkiri ne, mafi muni.
Sannan akwai yanayin yanayin zafi na yashi. Bakin, musamman jerin 300 kamar 304 ko 316, yana zubowa a babban zafin jiki kuma yana da tsayi mai tsayi. Yashi yana buƙatar jure wannan zafin ba tare da rushewa da sauri ba kuma ya haifar da zazzagewa, amma kuma ba tare da zama mai tsauri ba har yana tauye ƙanƙara kuma yana haifar da tsagewar zafi. Ayyukan daidaitawa ne. Na tuna batch na CF8M (daidai 316) bawuloli na ƙofar da muka gudu. Gudun farko sun sami daidaitattun hawaye masu zafi a mahaɗin tsakanin flange da jiki. Mun mayar da shi baya ga tsari ko gating, amma ga maido da yashi rabo kasancewa mai girma. Yashi ya yi hasarar da yawa daga asalin refractority kuma yana tafiyar da zafi ba daidai ba. Yashi sabo ya gyara shi. Waɗannan hulɗar matakin kayan abu ne kawai kuke koya ta hanyar ƙonawa ta cikin guntu.
Kuma reclamation ne nata dabba. Ba za ku iya ci gaba da sake yin amfani da yashi ba har abada don daidaitaccen aikin bakin karfe. Tarar ta taru, sinadarai mai ɗaure ta ƙasƙantar da kai, kuma ka fara ɗaukar abubuwan haɗaɗɗun siliki a cikin ƙarfe. Muna da tsauraran tsari don gwada LOI (Asara akan ƙonewa) da kuma nazarin allo. Barin wannan zamewar hanya ce mai sauri zuwa inganci mara daidaituwa. Ba aiki ne mai ban sha'awa ba, kula da yashi duk rana, amma yana da mahimmanci ga amincin simintin gyare-gyare na ƙarshe fiye da kowane abu guda ɗaya.
Gating, Ciyarwa, da Yaƙin Ƙunƙasa
Kowa yayi magana game da software na simulation yanzu, kuma muna amfani dashi. Amma ga hadadden simintin yashi mara kyau, jagora ne, ba bishara ba. Software ɗin na iya nuna muku tsarin haɓakar sauti mai zafi, amma ba zai iya yin cikakken lissafin yadda tsarin austenitic na bakin karfe ya ƙarfafa ba. Yana so ya samar da fata mai ƙarfi, daidaitacce da wuri, wacce za ta iya ware ƙarfen ruwa a ciki kuma ya haifar da mai tsanani shrinkage porosity a tsakiyar wani sashi mai kauri. Kuskure na yau da kullun shine kawai ci gaba da ƙara manyan masu tashi. Wannan sau da yawa kawai yana haifar da wuri mafi zafi kuma yana motsa ramin raguwa a kusa.
Dabarar, wanda aka koya daga yawan zube, ɓangarorin yanki, galibi yana cikin sanyi. sanyin ƙarfe na waje shine babban abokin ku don haɓaka ƙarfafawar kwatance a cikin bakin karfe yashi simintin gyare-gyare. Za mu sanya su da dabaru kan manyan shugabanni ko flanges don fitar da zafi da sauri, tilasta madaidaicin gaba don matsawa baya zuwa mai tashi. Amma dole ne ku kasance daidai. Idan sanyi ya yi nauyi sosai ko kuma ya yi kusanci sosai, zai iya haifar da tsagewar sanyi ko babban canji a microstructure a wurin. Ƙwarewa ce mai ban sha'awa-sanin girman da ya dace da jeri ya fito ne daga yanke gazawar ku da ganin daidai inda cibiyar sadarwa ta raguwa.
Zane na Gating wani yanki ne inda ka'idar ta hadu da filin shago. Kuna son tsarin da ke cike da ƙura da sauri da tashin hankali don guje wa ɓarna, amma ba mai tada hankali ba har ya kama ƙugiya ko ɓatar da ƙirar yashi. Don bakin karfe, wanda ke da hali na samar da oxides, sau da yawa muna amfani da matatun yumbu a cikin tsarin gating. Amma ko da a lokacin, jeri yana da mahimmanci. Fitar da ke kusa da ƙofar yana iya kwantar da ƙarfe da yawa; yayi nisa, kuma ba shi da tasiri. Mun daidaita a kan madaidaicin madaidaicin sandar mai gudu tare da hannun rigar tacewa don yawancin manyan abubuwan haɗinmu. Ba daga littafin karatu ba; Sakamakon sake yin gyare-gyare kan jerin simintin gyare-gyare ga abokin ciniki na kayan aikin ruwa wanda ya ci gaba da gazawar binciken su na rediyo.
Abubuwan Nuances Bayan 304 da 316
Yawancin tambayoyi na 304 ko 316. Wannan shine burodi da man shanu. Amma ainihin ƙalubalen da aiki mai ban sha'awa sun zo tare da maki duplex kamar 2205, ko manyan abubuwan gami. Duplex bakin karfe don simintin yashi dabba ce daban. Yana buƙatar ƙimar sanyaya mai sarrafawa sosai don kiyaye wancan kusan 50/50 austenite-ferrite ma'auni. Sanya shi a hankali a hankali daga yawan zafin jiki, kuma kuna samun ferrite da yawa, yana lalata juriyar lalata da tauri. Dole ne mu haɓaka ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idar sanyaya don saitin shugabannin jirgin ruwa na matsa lamba 2205, wanda ya haɗa da lokutan shakeout sarrafawa da kuma wani lokacin ma tilasta sanyaya iska a saman simintin gyare-gyare yayin da yake cikin ƙirar. Maganin zafi bayan haka yana da mahimmanci, amma ana aza harsashin lokacin ƙarfafawa da sanyaya cikin yashi.
Sannan akwai alloli na musamman. Mun yi aiki tare da wasu allunan tushen nickel waɗanda suka faɗi ƙarƙashin laima mara ƙarfi don juriya na lalata. Ana zubar da waɗannan sau da yawa a cikin sarari ko ƙarƙashin yanayin kariya, amma don wasu aikace-aikacen, ana ƙayyadadden simintin yashi mai sarrafawa. Ruwan ruwa ya bambanta, abubuwan raguwa sun bambanta, kuma amsawa tare da kayan ƙira sun fi bayyana. Yana tilasta ku komawa ga ƙa'idodin farko. Ba za ku iya dogara ga daidaitattun ayyukanku ba. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), tare da ƙwarewar da aka bayyana a cikin kayan haɗi na musamman, za su fahimci wannan sosai. Ba harkar kasuwanci ba ce; horo ne mabanbanta a cikin tushe. Dogon tarihin su, kamar yadda aka gani a shafin su tsingtaocnc.com, a cikin sarrafa cobalt da nickel na tushen gami zai zama kadari kai tsaye lokacin da ake magance irin waɗannan ayyukan a cikin yashi, ba kawai a cikin simintin saka hannun jari ba.
Wannan shi ne inda hadedde model na a tushe tare da injina na cikin gida, kamar saitin QSY, yana da ma'ana sosai. Kun jefa wani ɓangaren ƙalubale mai ƙalubale a cikin yashi. Yana da kusan ba zai yuwu a sami kowane mahimmiyar girma don injina ba. Samun ƙungiyar mashin ɗin a cikin madauki ɗaya, fahimtar yuwuwar murdiya da alawus ɗin hannun jari yana da matukar amfani. Za su iya ba da ra'ayi ga ƙungiyar ganowa kan inda za a ƙara ƙarin haja ko inda lahani ya bayyana akai-akai. Yana rufe madauki mai inganci ta hanyar da raba simintin gyare-gyare da shagunan inji ke gwagwarmayar cimmawa.
Layin Gama Mafari ne kawai
Girgizawa da yankewa sune inda damuwa ke tashi. Kun jira sa'o'i don yin wasan kwaikwayo ya yi sanyi, kuma yanzu kun gan shi. Abu na farko da muke yi ba shine dubawa mai girma ba; abin gani ne da kuma na ji. Ƙwararren zobe mai kaifi daga bugun guduma mai haske alama ce mai kyau don sauti. Ƙarƙashin tsawa yana saita ƙararrawar ƙararrawa don raguwar ciki. Sai nika ta zo. Bakin aiki yana da ƙarfi, don haka niƙa ƙofofi da masu tashi aiki ne mai hankali. Kuna buƙatar kaifi, kayan aikin sadaukarwa da taɓawa mai haske don guje wa haɗa gurɓatattun abubuwa ko ƙirƙirar wuraren da zafi ya shafa waɗanda ba za a iya cire su daga baya ba.
Maganin zafi ba abin tattaunawa ba ne don yawancin simintin yashi mara kyau. Don austenitics, maganin kashewa da kashewa don sake narkar da carbides da dawo da juriya na lalata. Amma quench yana da mahimmanci. Rushewar ruwa yana da sauri kuma yana da tasiri amma yana iya haifar da murdiya ko ma fashe a kan sifofin hadaddun. Don sassan da ke da kauri ko ƙirƙira ƙira, sau da yawa muna zaɓi don kashe iska mai tilastawa ko ma quench na polymer. Yana da hankali, amma yana rage damuwa. Kullum kuna yin la'akari da haɗarin ɓarna akan haɗarin rashin aikin lalata. Aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki yana tsara zaɓi.
A ƙarshe, tabbacin yana cikin gwaji. Don ɓangarorin sabis masu mahimmanci, muna yin PMI (Tabbataccen Ƙa'ida), gwajin shigar ruwa, da sau da yawa rediyo. Wannan shine alkali na ƙarshe na duk shawarar da kuka yanke a cikin bakin karfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa tsari. Gidan rediyo mai tsabta akan jikin bawul mai nauyi shine ƙaramin nasara. Yana nufin yashi daidai ne, gating ɗin ya yi aiki, an sanya sanyi daidai, kuma ƙarfe yana da tsabta. Yana faruwa da wuya ta hanyar haɗari. It's the result of controlling a hundred variables, most of which are invisible until the moment you pour, and some of which only reveal themselves days later in the test report.
Me Yasa Har yanzu Yana da Mahimmanci
A cikin shekarun ci-gaba na simintin saka hannun jari da bugu na 3D, babban sikeli bakin karfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa ya kasance maras musanya ga wasu abubuwa. Ƙarfin girman girman-bangaren da ke yin awo da yawa ton-daya ne. Amma mafi dabara, shine sassauci. Za a iya gyaggyara tsari da sauri da arha idan aka kwatanta da kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske. Don ƙaramar ƙarami zuwa matsakaici na manyan sassa, ko don samfura inda kuke buƙatar gwada ƙimar ƙarfe na gaske da tarin samfuran ƙarshe, simintin yashi shine kawai zaɓi mai amfani.
Na gaba, ina tsammanin, ta ta'allaka ne a cikin haɗa wannan tsarin tsohuwar makaranta tare da kulawar sabuwar makaranta. Ingantattun abubuwan ƙara yashi, saka idanu akan zafin jiki na ainihin lokacin zuba, da ƙarin ƙima mara lalacewa. Manufar ba shine a sanya shi kamar wani tsari na daban ba; shi ne don sanya yashi simintin gyare-gyaren da za a iya gani da kuma abin dogaro bisa ka'idojinsa. Babban ƙalubalen—harɓar ƙarfe mai ruwa a cikin jimillar mold—zai kasance koyaushe a wurin. Wannan ita ce sana'ar ta.
Don haka lokacin da kuke kallon a bakin karfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa, kada ku kalli lissafin iya aiki kawai. Tambaye su game da bayanan sarrafa yashi. Tambayi don ganin samfuran macro-etched na sassansu masu nauyi. Tambayi yadda suke kula da sanyaya maki biyu. Amsoshin za su ba ku ƙarin bayani game da iyawarsu fiye da kowace ƙasida. Yana da ɓarna, sarƙaƙƙiya, kuma tsari mai zurfi na jiki, kuma mafi kyawun kantuna sun rungumi wannan hadaddun maimakon yin kamar babu shi.
