Lokacin da kuka ji 'samfurin gyare-gyaren allurar ƙarfe', hoton nan da nan sau da yawa na kanana ne, hadaddun, sassa masu girma - kayan aiki, kayan aikin tiyata, kayan aikin bindiga. Wannan gaskiya ne, amma kuma a nan ne rashin fahimtar masana'antar gama gari ta fara. Mutane suna tunanin MIM hanya ce mai arha kawai ga injina don rikitattun siffofi. A zahiri, nasarar ta dogara ne akan ƙira don ƙira daga zane na farko, wani abu da kuke koya kawai bayan ganin ƴan batches masu tsada sun juya zuwa gungume. Ba tsarin sihiri ba ne; sarkar ladabtarwa ce ta kayan abinci, gyare-gyare, rarrabuwa, da rarrabuwar kawuna, inda kowace hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ta kasance ta daidaita daidai da kayan. Samun yanayin da ba daidai ba don ɓangaren bakin karfe, kuma kuna kallon ɗaukar carbon da gazawar gwajin lalata. Na ga abin ya faru.
Mahimmancin MIM: Tsari ne, Ba samfuri kaɗai ba
Mu karya gaskiya. Abin sha'awa shine samar da siffa ta yanar gizo ko kusa da siffa. Kuna iya samun fom ɗin da ba zai yuwu ba tare da simintin saka hannun jari ko masu tsada mai tsada tare da injinan CNC. Amma 'kusa-net-siffa' ita ce kalmar aiki. Akwai raguwa - ana iya tsinkaya amma ba koyaushe daidai ba. Idan ƙirar ku tana da sassa masu kauri da sirara bango-da-bangon, kuna neman murdiya yayin sintering. Mun taɓa yin aiki akan samfuri don tsarin kullewa, wani ɓangaren da ke da ƙugiya mai laushi wanda aka haɗa cikin tushe mafi nauyi. Gudun farko sun fito daga cikin tanderun sun ɗan karkace, kawai isa ga latch ɗin ya ɗaure. Gyaran baya cikin sigogin tsarin MIM kadai; Sake gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa ne don ƙara ƙaramin haƙarƙarin tallafi na wucin gadi a cikin koren jihar wanda daga baya aka cire shi a cikin injin injin na biyu. Wannan ita ce ainihin duniyar.
Zaɓin kayan abu wani dabba ne. Waɗanda na kowa kamar 17-4PH bakin karfe ko ƙananan ƙarfe masu ƙanƙara sune hanyoyin da aka tattake da kyau. Amma idan abokin ciniki ya zo yana neman a karfe allura gyare-gyare bangare a cikin babban abin da ke tushen nickel don aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya mai zafi, duk wasan yana canzawa. Farashin foda ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, buƙatun tanderun da ake buƙata ya zama matsananci (babban sarari, madaidaicin zafin jiki), kuma gefen kuskure ya ɓace. Kaddarorin injiniyoyi suna da kyau idan kun ƙusa shi, amma farashin ci gaban tsari yana da yawa. Wannan ba sana'ar zance-ku-a-sa'a ba ce.
Wannan shine inda samun abokin tarayya mai zurfin tushe mai mahimmancin ƙarfe. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ya kawo mahangar ta daban. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, simintin saka hannun jari, da injina na CNC, sun fahimci halayen ƙarfe - sauye-sauyen lokaci, tsarin hatsi, damuwa - daga kusurwoyi da yawa. Lokacin da irin wannan kamfani ya ƙara ƙarfin MIM, ba kawai siyan inji bane; suna amfani da shekarun da suka gabata na kimiyyar abin duniya. Duba fayil ɗin su a tsingtaocnc.com, kun ga aikinsu tare da cobalt da nickel gami a cikin simintin saka hannun jari. Wannan ƙwarewar tana fassara kai tsaye zuwa sarrafa waɗannan ƙayatattun kayan a cikin tanderun tanderun MIM, da tsammanin yadda za su yi girma da kuma waɗanne kaddarorin ƙarshe da za a yi tsammani. Yana da babbar fa'ida akan kantin sayar da MIM kawai.
Inda MIM Ya dace (Kuma Inda Bai Yi ba)
Don haka, menene mai dadi-tabo karfe allura gyare-gyaren kayayyakin? Likitan abu ne babba. Biopsy tilasta muƙamuƙi, orthodontic brackets, tiyata stapler sassa. Ƙididdiga sun tabbatar da kayan aiki, ƙayyadaddun yana da girma, kuma kayan (sau da yawa 316L bakin karfe) shine madaidaicin MIM. Ƙarshen saman kai tsaye daga sintering yana da kyau don yawancin aikace-aikacen da suka dace, wani lokaci kawai suna buƙatar tumble haske ko wucewa.
Amma ga shari'ar da bai dace ba. Abokin ciniki yana son babban sashi na tsari-kimanin girman hannu. Geometry ya yi kyau, amma mahimmancin abu shine tasiri tauri a wata takamaiman hanya. Duk da yake MIM na iya samun kyakkyawan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yanayin isotropic na ɓangaren ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar (kayayyakin da ke kama da kowane kwatance) ba za su iya dacewa da kwararar hatsin da kuke samu daga ƙirƙira don wannan ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun ba. Dole ne mu ba da shawarar a kan MIM kuma mu nuna su zuwa tsarin ƙirƙira. Sanin lokacin rashin amfani da fasaha yana da mahimmanci kamar sanin lokacin amfani da ita.
Na'urori masu auna motoci wani yanki ne mai girma. Gidajen firikwensin, ƙananan ginshiƙai don masu kunnawa, sassan allurar mai. Juya zuwa motocin lantarki yana canza mahaɗin ɓangaren, amma buƙatar ƙanana, daidaitattun abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin famfo, firikwensin, da masu haɗawa ya rage. Matsi a nan yana kan farashi da daidaito a cikin miliyoyin sassa. Matsakaicin lahani wanda ke yarda da sashin sararin samaniya mai ƙarancin girma bala'i ne a nan. Wannan shine inda kulawar tsari da saka idanu akan tsarin ƙididdiga a cikin layin MIM ya zama marasa sasantawa.
The Handoff: Ayyukan Sakandare da Haɗin Kai na Duniya
Kusan babu wani ɓangaren MIM da aka gama da gaske bayan an gama. Yawancin suna buƙatar ayyuka na biyu. Wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci wanda mutane da yawa ke watsi da farashi na farko. Kuna iya buƙatar mashin ɗin CNC don buga juriyar ± 0.01mm akan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙira, ko don ƙirƙirar fasalin da ba za a iya ƙera shi ba, kamar kusurwar ciki mai kaifi. Kuna iya buƙatar niƙa, maganin zafi, ko plating.
Wannan shine ɓoyayyen fa'idar masana'anta hadedde a tsaye. Ɗauki misalin QSY kuma. Idan wani ɓangaren MIM na sintepon ya fito kuma yana buƙatar daidaitaccen lebur na CNC mai niƙa ko rami mai taɓawa, za su iya matsar da shi kai tsaye zuwa sashin injin ɗinsu. Babu jinkirin jigilar kaya, babu tazarar sadarwa tsakanin injiniyan MIM da injina game da keɓantawar ɓangaren (kamar saman sa mai ɗanɗano idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe da aka yi). Madaidaicin martani yana da ƙarfi. Za su iya cewa, Wannan ɓangaren MIM mara ƙarfi ya ɗan taurare bayan an gama, don haka za mu daidaita saurin kayan aiki kuma mu ciyar da CNC. Wannan haɗin kai yana adana lokaci, farashi, da ciwon kai.
Wani batu na gaske shine dubawa mai inganci. Ta yaya za ku bincika girman ciki na hadaddun, ƙaramin ɓangaren MIM? Gwajin ɓarna shine ma'aunin gwal-yanke shi, goge shi, duba ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Don samarwa, kuna dogara ga sarrafa tsari: bin diddigin zafin jiki, lokaci, da yanayi ga kowane tsari. Amma samun ikon yin wannan bincike na metallographic a cikin gida, wanda kamfani na simintin gyare-gyare da injina na dogon lokaci zai samu, babban kadara ne don inganta labaran farko da warware matsala.
Ƙimar Kuɗi: Kayan aiki, Ƙarfafa, da Abubuwan Ganuwa
Tsarin gargajiya shine MIM ya zama mai tattalin arziki a kusan sassa 10,000+ a kowace shekara, saboda farashin kayan aiki. Wannan wurin farawa ne mai kyau, amma yana da sauƙin sauƙi. Ma'auni na ainihi ya ƙunshi hadaddun sashi. Idan wani bangare zai buƙaci saitin CNC daban-daban 5 da sharar kayan 80%, MIM na iya zama mai rahusa a guda 5,000. Kayan aiki don MIM yana kama da gyare-gyaren alluran filastik - hadaddun, kogon ƙarfe mai taurin. Farashi ne na gaba.
Amma farashin da ba a iya gani yana cikin ci gaba da cancanta. Za ku bi ta hanyoyi da yawa: kayan aikin samfuri don ingantaccen ƙira, kayan aikin samarwa na farko, sannan sau da yawa daidaita kayan aikin bayan gwaje-gwaje na farko na sintering don yin lissafin nuances na raguwa. Kowane zagayowar yana ɗaukar lokaci da kuɗi. Don wani abu mai mahimmanci, to dole ne ku cancanci gabaɗayan tsari-ba kawai ɓangaren ƙarshe ba. Abokin cinikin ku (musamman a cikin likitanci ko na mota) zai so ya duba mai siyar da kayan abinci, rajistan ayyukan tanderun ku, tsare-tsaren sarrafa ingancin ku. Wannan aiki ne na tsawon watanni.
Inda kamfanoni masu faffadan masana'anta kamar QSY zasu iya rage wannan ta hanyar ilimin tsari iri ɗaya ne. Kwarewarsu a cikin cancantar tsarin simintin saka hannun jari don injin turbine mai tushen nickel ya ƙunshi irin wannan tsangwama - sarrafa narkewa, ƙura, da ƙarfi. Wannan horon tsarin yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa cancantar layin MIM. Sun fahimci takaddun, ganowa, da ingantaccen tsarin da ake buƙata don hidimar masana'antu da aka tsara, wanda shine inda ake samun ayyuka da yawa na MIM tare da kyawawan riguna.
Neman Gaba: Ba Sauyawa ba, Zaɓin Ƙarfi
MIM ba za ta maye gurbin simintin saka hannun jari ba don manyan, sassa masu sirara masu sira kamar injin turbin. Ba zai maye gurbin mashin ɗin CNC don samfuri ɗaya-kashe ko sassa tare da juriya mai ƙarfi akan kowane fasali ɗaya ba. Kuma tabbas ba zai maye gurbin stamping don masu wanki masu sauƙi, lebur ba.
Abin da yake yi shi ne ya mamaye wani alkuki mai mahimmanci kuma mai girma: babban hadaddun, ƙananan-zuwa matsakaici-matsakaicin sassa na ƙarfe a babban kundin. Gaba yana cikin haɓaka shi - ta amfani da MIM don ƙirƙirar kashi 95% na sigar ɓangaren, sannan yin amfani da mashin ɗin daidaitaccen mashin ɗin ko ma micro-machining don kammala mahimman fasali. Yana cikin haɓaka sabbin kayan abinci don kayan kamar titanium, wanda har yanzu sanannen dabara ne a cikin MIM saboda amsawar sa.
A ƙarshe, nasara karfe allura gyare-gyaren kayayyakin zo daga aure na ƙira niyya da aiwatar iyawa. Yana buƙatar mai ƙira ya yi tunani game da kwararar foda, cire ɗaure, da raguwar sarrafawa. Kuma yana buƙatar masana'anta su sami fiye da kawai latsa MIM; suna buƙatar ilimin ƙarfe mai zurfi, ƙaƙƙarfan sarrafawar tsari, kuma sau da yawa, ikon gudanar da ayyukan da suka dace na sakandare ba tare da matsala ba. Wannan shine bambancin mai siyarwa da abokin tarayya. Lokacin da kuke kimanta mai siyarwa, duba bayan kasidarsu ta MIM. Dubi dukkan kayansu da tsarin halittun masana'antu-kamar shekarun da suka gabata na simintin gyare-gyare da injina a bayan kamfani kamar QSY-saboda tushen ilimin shine abin da ke tabbatar da sashin ku ba wai kawai ya fito daga wani tsari ba, amma yana aiki da dogaro a fagen.
