Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'bawul ɗin bakin karfe', suna ɗaukar wani yanki na kayan aiki mai sheki, wanda ba ya lalacewa. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni kuma mafi ban sha'awa. Ba kawai game da kayan ba; game da tsarin hatsi ne daga simintin gyare-gyare, jure jurewar mashin ɗin, ƙayyadaddun matsayi da ke tsayayya da wani hadaddiyar giyar sinadarai, da cinikin da babu makawa. Na ga ayyuka da yawa da suka yi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bawul na 304 ko 316 don komai, kawai don fuskantar gazawar da ba a kai ba a fagen. Yaren goge baki shine kawai facade. Ainihin labarin yana cikin masana'antar ƙarfe da masana'antar kera a bayansa.
Gidauniyar: Yana farawa da Casting
Ba za ku iya injin bawul ɗin abin dogaro daga simintin simintin da kyau ba. Wannan shi ne inda shekaru da yawa na gwaninta, kamar abin da kuka samu a aiki mai tsayi, da gaske mahimmanci. Na tuna kimanta wani tsari na bakin karfe bawul jikuna don layin ciyar da sinadarai. A kan takarda, sun kasance 316L. A gani, sun yi kyau. Amma a ƙarƙashin gwajin shigar rini, hanyar sadarwa na porosity micro-shrinkage ya bayyana, daidai a cikin sashin bango mai mahimmanci. An ƙaddara wannan rukunin don yanayin chloride. Da ya zama yoyo yana jira ya faru. Sarrafa tsarin tushen tushen-yadda suke sarrafa yawan zafin jiki, kayan ƙira, da ƙimar sanyaya - shine komai. Kamfanin da ya shafe shekaru sama da 30 yana yin wasan simintin gyare-gyare, kamar fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), da ya kawar da waɗannan sauye-sauye ta hanyar maimaituwa. Mayar da hankalinsu akan ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari shine mabuɗin don bawuloli; waɗannan hanyoyin suna ba da ingantacciyar daidaiton girma da ƙare saman ƙasa don hadaddun hanyoyin shiga ciki idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin simintin yashi, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin injin gyarawa da ingantaccen samfurin ƙarshe.
Zaɓin kayan aiki a matakin simintin gyare-gyare shine wani yanke shawara mara kyau. Bakin karfe babban nau'i ne. Don daidaitaccen layin ruwa, CF8 (simintin da ya yi daidai da 304) zai iya isa. Amma don aikace-aikacen waje tare da feshin gishiri akai-akai, kuna kallon babban darajar duplex, wani abu kamar F55. Wahalhalun simintin yin tsalle-tsalle. Dole ne a gudanar da abun da ke ciki na gami a cikin madaidaicin taga, kuma maganin zafi bayan simintin gyare-gyare don cimma daidaitattun ma'aunin ferrite-austenite yana da mahimmanci. Na ga bawuloli suna fashe yayin aikin injin saboda yanayin yanayin zafi ya ƙare da ƴan digiri. Tunatarwa ce cewa aikin bawul ɗin yana kulle da dadewa kafin ya isa wurin taron.
Wannan shi ne inda ƙwarewa a cikin kayan haɗi na musamman, kamar na nickel, ya zama dacewa. Muna da aikin da ya haɗa da tururi mai zafi na acetic acid. Standard 316L da an tauna. Maganin ya kasance simintin jikin bawul daga Alloy 20Cb3. Ƙarfin ma'auni don ɗaukar irin waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki ba shine shingen gefe ba; ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwarewa ce don magance sabis na lalata. Ba game da samun gami a jerin sunayen ba; shi ne sanin yadda ake jifa shi ba tare da jawo zafafan hawaye ko rarrabuwa ba.
Machining: Inda Madaidaicin Haɗuwa da Aiki
Simintin gyare-gyaren sassaka ne. Machining yana kawo shi rayuwa. Kuma ga gaskiya mai amfani: dabarar injina don a bakin karfe bawul jiki ya sha bamban da wancan na toshe na karfe mai laushi. Bakin aiki-taurare. Idan kayan aikinku ba su da kaifi, saurin gudu da ciyarwarku ba daidai ba ne, za ku ƙone saman maimakon yanke shi, ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan Layer, gaggautsa wanda zai iya fara fashewa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Na koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tun da wuri, ina samar da saitin ƙugiya na ƙofar bawul waɗanda aka kama kuma aka kama a lokacin gwajin matsi na farko. Ƙarshen yana da kyau, amma yana da lahani.
Cibiyoyin mashin ɗin CNC suna ba da maimaitawa, amma ilimin mai shirye-shiryen shine abin da ya sa ya zama abin dogaro. Jerin ayyuka yana da mahimmanci. Kuna fitar da aljihun wurin zama kafin ko bayan hako rami mai tushe? Yaya kuke daidaita jikin mai siffa don ƙarewar ƙarshe akan fuskar flange ba tare da haifar da damuwa ba? Don hadaddun bawuloli da yawa na tashar jiragen ruwa, wannan ya zama wasan wasa na 3D. Shagon da ke da zurfin ƙwarewar CNC, wanda zaku iya auna shi daga ɓangaren fayil ɗin su akan shafuka kamar https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yana ƙoƙarin samun waɗannan ayyukan aiki. Ba kawai yankan karfe ba ne; suna sarrafa saura danniya da kiyaye bayanan datum a cikin saiti da yawa.
Sannan akwai gamawa. Za a iya ƙayyadaddun microfinish 32 Ra akan wurin zama na bawul ɗin ball. Samun hakan akan simintin bakin karfe, akai-akai, a cikin ɗaruruwan raka'a, sana'a ce. Yana sau da yawa ya haɗa da haɗin CNC juyawa sannan kuma sadaukar da aikin lapping ko niƙa. Na ziyarci tarurrukan bita inda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata ke yin wannan mataki na ƙarshe wanda har yanzu ke yin wannan mataki na ƙarshe ta hanyar kwararrun masu fasaha waɗanda za su iya 'ji' kammalawa. Wannan gauraya ce ta CNC na zamani da fasaha mai taɓin hankali wanda galibi ke samar da mafi ingancin filayen rufewa.
Matsalolin & Gwaji
Wannan shine inda abubuwa masu kyau zasu iya zama mummunan bawul. Taro yana da sauƙi: sanya jiki, datsa (kara, ball, wurin zama), da hatimi tare. Amma shaidan yana cikin cikakkun bayanai. Kuskure na gama gari shine wuce gona da iri akan mabiyin gland a kan bawul mai tasowa. Wannan yana lalata kayan tattarawa, yana haifar da juzu'i mai yawa akan tushe, kuma yana haifar da lalacewa da wuri da bawul mai wuyar aiki. Takaddun ƙayyadaddun jujjuyawar suna nan saboda dalili, amma galibi ana yin watsi da su a farfajiyar shagon cikin gaggawa don kammala oda.
Gwaji wani yanki ne mai fa'ida. Gwajin harsashi na hydrostatic daidai ne, tabbas. Amma gwajin ya haɗa da gwajin wurin zama na bugun jini na ɓangarori masu kashewa? Don sabis mai mahimmanci, ya kamata. Na tuna wani harka inda wani tsari na bakin karfe globe valves sun wuce gwajin harsashi amma sun yi zullumi a gwajin wurin zama. Tushen tushen ya samo asali ne zuwa wani ɗan kuskure a lokacin niƙa na ƙarshe na diski da wurin zama-matsalar da kawai gwajin wurin zama zai bayyana. Ƙaƙƙarfan masana'anta za su sami ƙa'idar gwaji, ba kawai matsi guda ɗaya ba.
Kuma muyi magana akan tsafta. Don sabis na iskar oxygen ko aikace-aikacen magunguna, wannan yana da mahimmanci. Duk wani maiko, ƙura, ko ƙurar ƙarfe da aka bari daga injina na iya zama haɗarin wuta ko tushen gurɓata. Ana buƙatar sarrafa wurin taro, kuma hanyoyin tsaftacewa da jaka suna buƙatar zama masu tsauri. Abu ne da ba a manta da shi sau da yawa farashin farashi wanda ke raba bawul ɗin kayayyaki daga babban abin dogaro.
Kasawar Duniya ta Gaskiya da Darussa
Babu wani abu da yake koyarwa kamar gazawa. Mun taɓa shigar da jerin bawul ɗin bakin ball guda 304 a kan layin ruwan sanyi na tsirran bakin teku (ruwa brackish). A cikin watanni 18, muna fama da leaks a kusa da tushe da hatimin jiki. Mai laifin ya kasance lalata. Yayin da 304 yana da juriya na lalata gabaɗaya, ƙananan ƙananan mahalli tsakanin kara da tattarawa, da kuma ƙarƙashin gaskets, sun haifar da ƙwayoyin tattarawar iskar oxygen. Chlorides sun tattara hankali, kuma rami ya fara. Mun canza zuwa bawuloli 316 tare da mafi kyawun ƙirar gasket kuma mun ƙayyade sake zagayowar kulawa akai-akai. Darasin: zaɓin kayan dole ne ya yi lissafin takamaiman yanayi, gami da wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi da ɓarna.
Wani darasi ya zo daga hawan keke na thermal. Saitin simintin gyare-gyaren 316L akan layin dawo da tururi ya fara fashe a haɗin haɗin jiki bayan shekara guda na sabis. Binciken ya nuna gajiya mai zafi. Simintin gyare-gyaren, yayin da yake sauti, yana da ɗan ƙaramin abun ciki na carbon don daraja (a saman iyakar ƙayyadaddun bayanai). Wannan, haɗe tare da maimaita saurin dumama da sanyaya, haɓaka hazo carbide a iyakokin hatsi, rage ductility. Gyaran shine don samo bawuloli tare da takaddun shaida na L-grade (ƙananan carbon) da tarihin maganin zafi mai sarrafawa. Ya jaddada cewa takardar shedar niƙa ce ta farawa, ba garanti ba.
Samfura da ƙimar Aboki na Musamman
Wannan yana kawo ni zuwa ganowa. Nemo mai kaya wanda ke sarrafa tsari daga narkewa zuwa kantin injin yana da babbar fa'ida. Lokacin da matsala ta taso, ba a makale a cikin madauki tsakanin masana'anta da kantin sayar da injin suna zargin juna. Maƙerin da aka haɗa kai tsaye, ko kuma wanda ke da alaƙa mai zurfi kamar kamfani da ya samo asali sama da shekaru 30 daga jefawa cikin ingantattun mashin ɗin, na iya gano batun zuwa tushen sa. Shigar da simintin gyare-gyare ne? Jijjiga kayan aiki yayin aikin injin na biyar? Za su iya ganowa.
Duban iyawar mai siyarwa, kamar waɗanda aka zayyana na Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., yana ba da labari. Fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da na'ura, aiki tare da bakan daga simintin ƙarfe zuwa gaɗaɗɗen nickel-wanda tarihi ya nuna cewa sun ci karo da kuma warware yawancin takamaiman kayan gremlins. Gidan yanar gizon su, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yana nuna mayar da hankali kan ayyukan masana'antu masu mahimmancin yin bawul. Lokacin da kake samowa a bakin karfe bawul don aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata, wannan tsarin gado yana da mahimmanci kamar zanen samfur na ƙarshe. Bambanci ne tsakanin siyan sashi da siyan sashe mai zurfin fahimtar masana'anta a bayansa.
A ƙarshe, amintaccen bawul ɗin bakin karfe shine haɗuwa da daidaitaccen ƙarfe, daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare, ƙwararrun mashin ɗin, da kuma taro mai kyau. Yana da wuya zaɓi mafi arha, saboda kowane ɗayan waɗannan matakan yana tsada. Amma a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, farashin gazawar - raguwar lokaci, sakin muhalli, haɗarin aminci - dwarfs bambancin farashin farko. Manufar ba shine siyan bawul ba; shi ne don siyan na'urar da aka rufe, matsi mai iyaka wanda za ta iya yin hasashen rayuwar ƙirarta. Kuma hakan yana buƙatar duban saman da aka goge.
