Duba, lokacin da yawancin jama'a suka ji motsin Stelite, nan da nan suna tunanin ba za a iya lalacewa ba. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Garin cobalt-chromium ne, i, mai tsananin wuya da juriya ga sawa, galling, da lalata. Amma mari Stellite akan wani wuri mai ɗaukar nauyi ba gyara sihiri bane. Na ga ƙira ta gaza saboda wani ya ƙayyade shi don aikace-aikacen da ba daidai ba, tunanin taurin kai kaɗai ke warware komai. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi ɓarna - game da fahimtar inda wannan taurin ke aiki, inda zai iya zama mai kisa, da mahimmanci, yadda kuke shigar da shi cikin dogaro.
Garin Kanta Da Kuma Inda Yake Haskakawa
Stelite ba dabara ɗaya ba ce. Kuna da maki kamar 6, 12, 21... kowanne tare da tweaks a cikin tungsten, carbon, molybdenum abun ciki. Don bearings, yawanci kuna cikin daular Stellite 6 ko 'yan uwanta. Babban kyawunta ba kawai taurin ba (wanda ke can, kusan 40-50 HRC as-cast, mafi girma idan ya taurare), amma ikonsa na riƙe wannan taurin a yanayin zafi mai girma da kuma kusancin juriya na kamawa. Wannan ya sa ya zama mai tafiya don yanayin da man shafawa ya zama gefe, tsaka-tsaki, ko kuma ba zai yiwu ba-tunanin famfo hannayen riga a cikin slurry abrasive, valve trunnions a cikin matsanancin zafi mai zafi, ko wasu matsayi a cikin matsananciyar ayyuka masu haɗawa.
Na tuna wani aiki don abokin ciniki mai sarrafa sinadarai. Suna da wata jarida ta bakin karfe da ta ƙare a cikin makonni saboda haɗaɗɗen faɗuwar acid mai laushi da abin ɗauka. Lubrication ya kasance babu tafiya. Mun ba da shawara a Ƙarfin ƙarfe hannun riga a kan jarida. Makullin ba kawai zaɓin abu ba ne, amma ƙayyade Stellite 6B don ɗan ƙaramin juriya na lalatawa akan ma'auni 6. Wannan bambancin ya shafi ƙasa.
Gefen juyewa? Yana da tsinke. Ba za ku iya ɗaukar abin da aka lulluɓe Stelite kuma ku yi tsammanin zai iya jure girgiza mai nauyi ko tasiri ba. Zai guntu ko tsage. Na koyi cewa hanya mai wuya tun da wuri tare da aikace-aikacen murkushe rock. Ƙididdigar ta yi kira ga Stelite mai rufi a kan gidaje masu ɗaukar nauyi, amma ƙirar ba ta ƙididdige ƙarancin ƙarfe na lokaci-lokaci ba. Sakamako: bala'in bala'i bayan 'yan watanni. Dole ne mu koma zuwa mafi tauri, kodayake ƙarancin juriya, kayan tushe tare da fuskantar ƙaƙƙarfan wuri.
The Manufacturing Crucible: Casting vs. Overlay
Anan ne roba ta hadu da hanya. Ba kasafai kuke jefa babban ɓangaren ɗaukar hoto daga ƙwaƙƙwaran Stellite ba—yana da tsada mai tsada kuma rikitattun simintin gyare-gyare na manyan sautin sauti suna da mahimmanci. Hanyar gama gari, mai tsadar gaske ita ce yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na Stellite akan wani abu mai ƙarfi, ƙarin ductile substrate kamar carbon karfe ko bakin karfe 316.
Wannan shine inda ikon aiwatar da abokin tarayya ya zama mai mahimmanci. Kamfanonin da suka kasance a cikin madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyare da machining shekaru da yawa, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), sun ga waɗannan zagayawa. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, sun fahimci haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe. Za a Ƙarfin ƙarfe surface, da overlay tsari — sau da yawa foda waldi ko PTA (Plasma Canja wurin Arc) - bukatar a sarrafa don hana dilution na Stellite a cikin tushe karfe da kuma rage zafi-tasiri yankin fatattaka. Bayanan QSY a cikin aiki tare da kayan aiki na musamman, gami da na tushen cobalt, yana ba su kafa a cikin ka'idojin maganin zafin zafi da bayan zafi, waɗanda ba za su iya yin nasara ba.
Na duba abubuwan da ba a yi nasara ba inda Layer Stelite ya goge kawai. Tushen dalili? Kusan koyaushe shirye-shiryen saman da bai dace ba ko kayan interlayer kuskure. Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar buffer na tushen nickel tsakanin shingen ƙarfe da Stellite don sarrafa haɓakar yanayin zafi daban-daban. Waɗannan cikakkun bayanai ne waɗanda ke raba ɓangaren aiki daga ɗan ɗan takaran shara.
Machining da Kammalawa: Matsalar Karshe
To, kun sami nasarar haɗa Layer ɗin ku na Stelite. Yanzu kuna buƙatar injin ɗin don daidai jure juriya. Wannan wata dabba ce. Ba za ku iya amfani da daidaitattun HSS ko ma wasu kayan aikin carbide ba; kuna buƙatar maki na musamman na carbide, sau da yawa tare da takamaiman geometries, ko ku je niƙa. Yana da hankali, yana cin kayan aiki, kuma yana da tsada.
Kwarewar injin injin CNC shine mafi mahimmanci anan. Adadin ciyarwa, saurin gudu, da zurfin yanke sun sha bamban da machining ƙaramin ƙarfe. Shagon da da farko ke yin aluminium ko ƙarfe na ƙarfe zai yi gwagwarmaya kuma ya haifar da ƙarancin ƙarewa wanda ke lalata aikin ɗaukar nauyi. Karshen a Ƙarfin ƙarfe saman yana buƙatar ya yi kyau sosai don hana farawa fashe da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen hulɗar hatimi idan an zartar. Wannan wani yanki ne inda haɗe-haɗen kantuna waɗanda ke sarrafa duka aikace-aikacen gami da ingantattun mashin ɗin, kamar yadda aka nuna a kewayon sabis na QSY, za su iya kiyaye daidaito da lissafi ta hanyar gaba ɗaya.
Muna da shari'ar inda rufin ya kasance cikakke, amma niƙa na ƙarshe ya gabatar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta saboda yawan zafi. Bangaren ya wuce binciken farko amma ya kasa aiki da wuri. Gyaran yana canzawa zuwa tsarin niƙa mai raɗaɗi tare da ingantaccen isar da sanyaya. Darasi: Sarkar tsari ba ta ƙarewa a wurin ajiya.
Matsalolin Aikace-aikacen da Rarraba Gaskiyar Duniya
Ƙayyadaddun Stelite ba motsa jiki ba ne. Dole ne ku yi la'akari da mating surface. Gudun Stellite akan kanta gabaɗaya mummunan aiki ne - har yanzu yana iya yin gall a ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin lamba. Haɗin kai na yau da kullun shine Stellite akan wani abu mai laushi, mai jituwa kamar bakin karfe 316 ko tagulla na musamman. Wannan yana ba da damar abu mai laushi don sawa kaɗan, saka kowane abrasives da kare Stelite.
Lalacewa wani batu ne mai ban mamaki. Yayin da Stellite yayi tsayayya da yawancin kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata, ba a cikin duniya ba ne. A cikin rage yawan acid ko muhalli tare da chlorides a babban zafin jiki, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar teburin lalata a hankali. Wani lokaci, babban nau'in bakin ciki ko abin da aka yi da nickel kamar Hastelloy na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi na gaba ɗaya, koda kuwa juriyar sa ya yi ƙasa. Cinikayya ce.
Kudi koyaushe yana shiga cikin tattaunawa. Cikakken tsari mai rufi na Stellite akan babban sashi na iya kashe 5-10x fiye da daidaitaccen hannun rigar karfe. Tabbata ya zo daga tsawaita lokacin gudu, rage lokacin da ba a shirya ba, da aminci a cikin tsare-tsaren hatimi ko masu wahalar shiga. Ba za ku yi amfani da shi ba saboda fasaha ce mai kyau; kuna amfani da shi saboda jimillar kuɗin lissafin mallakar mallakar yana aiki.
Kallon Sarkar Kaya
Samar da ingantattun abubuwan da ke ɗauke da Stellite ba batun nemo mafi arha mai siyarwa ba. Yana da game da nemo abokin tarayya mai ilimin ƙarfe da sarrafa tsari. Tarihin shekaru 30 na kamfani kamar QSY a cikin yin simintin gyare-gyare da yin gyare-gyare na musamman yana nuna cewa sun zagaya tsarin koyo na aiki tare da abubuwa masu wahala kamar cobalt da nickel gami. Wannan ƙwarewar tana fassara kai tsaye zuwa ƙananan lahani na masana'antu da mafi kyawun shawara yayin lokacin ƙira.
Lokacin bitar mai kaya, ba wai ina kallon ƙasidarsu ce kawai ba. Ina tambaya game da sigogin walda na PTA ɗin su, hanyar su don tabbatar da amincin haɗin gwiwa (yawanci gwajin ultrasonic), da daidaitattun ayyukansu don sauƙaƙe damuwa. Ina so in ga kayan aikin su don riƙe hadaddun sassa a lokacin injin. Waɗannan su ne unexxy, cikakkun bayanai masu amfani waɗanda ke ba da tabbacin sashin yana aiki.
A ƙarshe, a Ƙarfin ƙarfe Magani shine ingantacciyar ingantacciyar amsa ga takamaiman yanayi na rashin tausayi. Ba kaya ba ne. Nasarar ta ya dogara ne akan zurfin fahimtar halayen gami daga wurin kafa ko waldawa har zuwa ƙarshen matakin micron na ƙarshe akan injin CNC. Samun shi daidai yana jin ƙarancin nasara na fasaha kuma mafi kama da sakamakon da aka samu na mutunta ilimin kimiyyar abu da iyakokin tsari.
