Kuna jin ana jifan Stelite da yawa a cikin tarurrukan bita da tarukan saye, sau da yawa a matsayin kama-duk don wani abu mai wahala ko tushen cobalt. Wannan shine kuskuren farko da zai sharewa. Ba abu ɗaya ba ne amma dangi, da farko cobalt-chromium alloys, da aikin delta tsakanin maki kamar Stellite 6, 12, ko 21 yana da girma. Na ga ayyukan sun gaza saboda wani ya ƙayyadad da Stellite akan zane, yana ɗaukan babban abu ɗaya ne. Ba haka ba. Zaɓin tsakanin ma'auni mai girma na carbon don abrasion mai tsanani da ƙananan carbon don mafi kyawun juriya na tasiri ba ilimi ba ne - bambanci ne tsakanin kujerar bawul na tsawon watanni shida ko shekaru uku.
The Casting Conundrum da Shell Mold Reality
Yin aiki tare da waɗannan allunan ba kamar mashin ƙarfe ba ne. Babban cobalt da abun ciki na chromium yana sa su yin aiki mai wuyar mafarki idan ba ku yi hankali ba. Tun da farko, mun yi ƙoƙarin yanke simintin gyare-gyare na Stelite 6 tare da daidaitattun abubuwan saka carbide. Sakamakon? Filaye masu kyalli, saurin lalacewa na kayan aiki, da sassan da suka yi kama da tauna. Hanyar ilmantarwa ta kasance m. Kuna buƙatar tsattsauran saiti, tabbataccen rake geometries, kuma wani lokacin, kawai dole ne ku yarda cewa niƙa shine mataki na ƙarshe don haƙuri mai mahimmanci.
Wannan shine inda tsari na sama ke da mahimmanci sosai. Kayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare na Stellite kusan ba zai yuwu a iya ceton tattalin arziki ta hanyar injina ba. Mun sami daidaito mafi kyau tare da harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa don hadaddun sassa. A girma kwanciyar hankali da surface gama daga mai kyau harsashi mold ba ku damar fada a cikin CNC lokaci. Yana rage girman adadin wannan abu mai tauri da kuke buƙatar cirewa, wanda kai tsaye yana adana lokaci da farashin kayan aiki.
Na tuna wani takamaiman aiki don abokin ciniki na petrochemical yana buƙatar rigar sawa ta al'ada. Samfurin farko, wanda aka jefa ta hanyar yashi mafi sauƙi, yana da wuraren taurin da bai dace ba da ɓoyayyiyar raguwa. Machining shi yaki ne. Mun canza zuwa wani madaidaicin tsarin ƙirar harsashi don gudanar da samarwa, haɗin gwiwa tare da kafaffen da ya san yadda ake ɗaukar halayen haɓakar gami - kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY). Mayar da hankalinsu na shekaru goma akan simintin gyare-gyare da injina yana nufin sun sami haɗin kai da ake buƙata. Ba za ku iya jefa shi kawai da fatan wani shago ya gano injin ɗin ba. Samun shi a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, ko tare da haɗe-haɗe abokin tarayya, yana da mahimmanci. Hannun hannu na samarwa sun fito tare da tsarin microstructure iri ɗaya, kuma sashen mu na CNC na iya ɗaukar jurewar juzu'i ba tare da canje-canjen kayan aiki marasa iyaka ba.
CNC Machining: Rawa mai laushi tare da taurin
Machining Stellite darasi ne a cikin sarrafa zalunci. Ba za ku iya zama mai jin kunya tare da yanke ku ba, ko kuma kawai za ku yi aiki-taurara sararin samaniya a cikin wani yanki mara nauyi. Amma kuma ba za ku iya kawai kutsa cikin sa ba. Tabo mai dadi shine daidaitaccen abinci, matsakaiciyar abinci tare da kayan aiki mai kaifi. Mun dogara sosai akan abubuwan da aka saka yumbu ko CBN don kammala fasfo akan mafi girman maki. Coolant ba za a iya sasantawa ba, kuma ba don sanyaya ba kawai - yana taimakawa tare da kwashe guntu. Dogayen, guntu masu tsini suna nannade kayan aiki? Wannan hanya ce mai sauri don lalata sashi da mai riƙe kayan aiki.
Ɗayan daki-daki da aka saba mantawa da shi shine daidaitawa. Saboda kuna tura kayan aiki kuma kayan yana da ƙarfi, ɓangaren dole ne a kulle shi gaba ɗaya. Duk wani zance ko jijjiga yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa ƙananan karaya a saman ɓangaren ɓangaren, wanda ya zama wuraren farawa don fasa cikin sabis. Mun ƙaura zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don mahimman abubuwan Stelite. Yana da ƙarin farashi, amma yana da arha fiye da cire $ 5,000 simintin gyare-gyare saboda ƙarancin ƙarewa daga daidaitawa.
Bayan-machining sau da yawa yana bayyana gaskiyar simintin. Mun taɓa yin ƙera wani nau'in nau'i na Stelite 21 turbine shrouds. A yawancin, hanyar kayan aiki ta kasance santsi. A kan na biyu, mun sami ɓangarorin lokaci-lokaci, raguwa a cikin takamaiman wurare. Ya nuna bambancin gida a cikin taurin, mai yiwuwa rabuwar carbide daga matakin simintin. Dole ne mu ja waɗannan biyun don ƙarin magani mai zafi don daidaita tsarin - jinkiri ba wanda yake so. Yana jaddada cewa ko da tare da kyakkyawan tushe, kuna buƙatar tsauraran bincike mai shigowa, wani lokacin fiye da sauƙaƙe binciken sinadarai don haɗawa da ultrasonic ko eddy gwajin halin yanzu don daidaito.
Zaɓin Alloy: Ba kawai Stellite ba ne
Nau'in gami na musamman shine inda injiniyan gaske ke faruwa. Stellite yana zaune tare da abubuwan haɗin nickel kamar Inconel, amma aikace-aikacen su sun bambanta. Stellite don lalacewa da juriya ga galling a matsakaici zuwa yanayin zafi; nickel-alloys ƙarin don daidaitaccen ƙarfin zafin jiki da lalata. Na ga zane-zane inda aka fara ƙayyadaddun Inconel 625 don datsa bawul mai zafi, amma ainihin yanayin gazawar shine yashwar waya daga kwararar sauri. Canjawa zuwa babban-carbon Stelite daraja kamar Stelite 3 ya warware matsalar a farashi mai rahusa.
Wannan matrix yanke shawara yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne ku yi tambaya: Shin babban maƙiyi yana lalata, yashewa, lalata, ko haɗuwa? Menene zafin aiki? Akwai tasiri? A albarkatun kamar QSYFayil ɗin fayil, wanda ke rufe iyalai biyu na cobalt da nickel, yana da amfani saboda ba sa son kai ga mafita ɗaya. Za su iya, ko ya kamata su iya, shawara dangane da aikace-aikacen. Misali, don hannun rigar famfo a cikin yanayin salin da ke fuskantar duka lalata da kuma abrasive slurries, za su iya ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska na Stellite 6 akan madaidaicin karfe maimakon madaidaicin nickel gami mai tsada.
Rashin gazawar ƙayyadaddun bargo. Abokin ciniki sau ɗaya ya nace akan Stelite 1 akan komai saboda yana da mafi girman lissafta taurin. Sun yi amfani da shi a kan sassan da ke ƙarƙashin hawan hawan zafi da tasirin haske. Sassan sun fashe. Stelite 1 yana da rauni. Dole ne mu bi su ta cikin takaddun bayanan don nuna cewa Stellite 6, tare da mafi kyawun ductility kuma har yanzu-mafi kyawun juriya, shine zaɓin da ya dace don wannan nauyin mai ƙarfi. Lambobin bayanan ba su ba da cikakken labarin ba; gwaninta filin yayi.
Haɗin kai daga Narke zuwa Na'ura
Babban darasi da aka koya shine yanke alaƙa tsakanin simintin gyaran kafa da injina. Lokacin da aka bi da shi azaman silos daban, ayyukan Stelite suna zubar da kuɗi da lokaci. Ma'aikatar tana buƙatar fahimtar abin da mashin ɗin ke fuskanta. Sauƙaƙan abubuwa kamar ƙara daidaitattun kusurwoyi masu karimci, tabbatar da ƙofa da wuraren tashi ba su cikin wuraren da ba su da mahimmanci, da kuma guje wa ɓangarorin sirara masu sanyi da sauri na iya yin ko karya injina.
Kamfanonin da suka yi aiki a wurare biyu na tsawon shekaru, kamar yadda aka ambata Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (zaka iya samun hanyar su a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), da wannan zurfafa ilmi. Tarihin su na shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma CNC machining ba kawai layin tallace-tallace ba ne; yana ba da shawarar cewa sun shigar da waɗannan wuraren jin zafi. Wataƙila suna yin tunani game da wurin aikin injina yayin zayyana ƙirar, wanda shine yadda yakamata ya kasance. Ga mai amfani na ƙarshe, wannan haɗin kai yana rage haɗari. Ba kawai kuna siyan simintin gyare-gyare ba; kana siyan abin da ake iya kerawa.
Misali mai aiki: Muna buƙatar saiti na hadaddun zoben hatimin sirara mai sirara a cikin Stelite 12. Kalubalen shine hana murdiya yayin aikin injin bayan simintin. Daidaitaccen tsari zai jefa, rage damuwa, inji, da bege. Haɗe-haɗen mai ba da shawara ya ba da shawarar tsarin da aka gyara: simintin gyare-gyare, yi ƙaƙƙarfan mashin ɗin zuwa siffa ta kusa-net, sannan na biyu mai daidaita yanayin zafi, sannan sai ingantattun injina na ƙarshe. Wannan ƙarin matakin, wanda aka haife shi daga gwaninta tare da halayen kayan a ko'ina cikin sarkar, an ba da sassa masu sassauƙa da kwanciyar hankali. Irin wannan nau'in tsari ne wanda ke raba mai siyar da sassa daga abokin mafita.
Neman Bayan Sunan Alamar
A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Stellite sunan alamar tarihi ne daga Deloro Stelite (yanzu ɓangaren Kennametal). Akwai kwatankwacin cobalt-chromium gami daga wasu masana'antun. A cikin siyayya, musamman don tsadar tsada amma abubuwa masu girma, cancantar abin da ya dace zai iya zama babbar nasara. Makullin shine don cancanci aikin, ba kawai ilimin kimiyya ba. Mun gudanar da gwaje-gwajen lalacewa gefe-da-gefe akan mai alama Stellite 6 da madaidaicin CoCr-A gami don aikace-aikacen famfo mai slurry. Ayyukan sun kasance iri ɗaya ne a ƙididdiga, yana haifar da babban tanadi.
Koyaya, wannan ba shawarwarin bargo bane. Don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, babban abin dogaro a cikin sararin samaniya ko makaman nukiliya, iyawar ganowa da takaddun takaddun niƙa waɗanda ke zuwa tare da samfuran alama galibi suna da ƙimar ƙima. Wani hukunci ne. Ma'anar ita ce sanin kuna da zaɓi kuma ku kafa yanke shawara akan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da bayanin hatsarori, ba bisa al'ada ba.
Don haka, lokacin da kuke mu'amala da Stellite, kuyi tunani a hankali. Ba wai kurar sihiri ka yayyafa wa matsala ba. Abu ne mai buƙata wanda ƙimarsa ta sami cikakkiyar fahimta ta hanyar zaɓin ƙira mai faɗakarwa, tsari mai sarrafawa da haɗaɗɗen tsari daga ƙirƙira zuwa ƙarshen ɓangaren, da fahintar fahimtar abin da zai fuskanta a cikin sabis. Yi daidai, kuma yana da matuƙar ɗorewa. Yi kuskure, kuma darasi ne mai tsada.
