Lokacin da kuka ji 'madaidaicin mashin ɗin ultra high', yawancin masu hankali suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa jurewar matakin micron da ƙarewar ƙasa mara lahani. Wannan wani bangare ne na shi, tabbas, amma shine mafi sauki bangaren magana akai. Ainihin labarin yana farawa lokacin da kuka gane cewa buga waɗannan lambobi akan cikakke, billet mai rage damuwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen yanayi abu ɗaya ne. Samun su akai-akai akan hadaddun, kayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare na injin injin ruwa ko na'urar tiyata, rana da rana, shine inda sana'ar ke rabuwa da kayayyaki. Shi ke nan inda shekaru talatin na sarrafa komai daga gummy nickel alloys zuwa gagaggen simintin ƙarfe ke koya muku cewa daidaito ba kawai na'ura ba ne; tsari ne da aka gina akan jira da daidaitawa.
Gidauniyar: Yana farawa Kafin Spindle ya juya
Ba za ku iya injin abin da ba za ku iya aunawa da dogaro ba, kuma ba za ku iya riƙe daidaito a ɓangaren da ke yaƙar ku daga ciki ba. Wannan shi ne babban rami na farko da nake gani: shaguna suna yin tsokaci kan girman bugu kadai, yin watsi da tarihin kayan. Tare da simintin saka hannun jari ko simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, wanda shine babban kasuwancin mu a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), Sashin ya zo tare da nasa labari na ciki-sauran danniya daga sanyaya, ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin kauri na bango, yuwuwar micro-porosity. Tsalle kai tsaye zuwa ƙare wucewa shine girke-girke na murdiya bayan-machining, komai kyawun CNC ɗin ku.
Tsarin saitin da daidaitawa ya zama muhimmin sashi, sau da yawa ba a kula da shi ba ultra high ainihin machining. Don jikin bawul ɗin alloy na tushen cobalt mai ƙima, ƙila za mu ɓata lokaci mai yawa don ƙira da sarrafa kayan aiki na yau da kullun fiye da sashin labarin farko da kansa. Manufar ita ce a tallafa wa ɓangaren ta hanyar da ta yi kama da yanayin shigarta na ƙarshe, don haka ba ku kulle cikin damuwa. Wani lokaci, ya ƙunshi jerin dabaru: roughing op, thermal soak don sauƙaƙa abin da muka jawo, sa'an nan kuma komawa ga daidaitawa don kammalawa. Ba shi da inganci akan takarda, amma ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali.
Wannan tushen aikin yana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa ƙwararrun simintin gyare-gyare. Saboda muna sarrafa simintin gyare-gyare a cikin gida, daga tsarin ƙirar harsashi don haɗaɗɗun geometries zuwa ƙirar ƙirar ƙira don gami na musamman, muna da fahimtar matakin bincike na inda ƙalubalen za su kasance a cikin hannun jari. Wannan fa'ida ce da ba za a iya gani ba. Shagon machining mai tsafta yana samun akwatin baki; mun ga sashin dukan yanayin rayuwa. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙarin dabarar inji daga saitin farko.
Kayan Aikin Inji A Matsayin Abokin Hulɗa, Ba Mai sihiri ba
Abin sha'awa koyaushe yana tare da sabon, mafi sauri, mafi tsada mai niƙa 5-axis. Kar ku gane ni, iyawa shine mabuɗin. Amma na ga ƙarin madaidaicin ɓacewa don zazzagewar zafi a kan injin da ba a kula da su ba ko kuma a sawa a cikin ƙwanƙwasa sandal a cibiyar 'na zamani' fiye da rashin axis na shida. Kula da muhalli ba abin tattaunawa ba ne. Muna magana ne game da ɗakin da aka keɓe inda ake gudanar da zafin jiki a cikin band ± 1°C, ba don na'ura kawai ba, amma don dakin gwaje-gwaje na awo da sassan da ke cikin layi. Bangaren, ma'auni, da na'ura duk suna buƙatar yin waƙa daga takardar waƙar waƙa da zafi.
Gudanar da kayan aiki shine wani mai kisan kai na gaskiya. Tare da kayan kamar Inconel ko Stellite, yankan gefen ba kawai sawa bane; yana iya ƙarar guntu ko haɓaka haɓakar haɓakawa a cikin ɗan mintuna kaɗan, ƙasƙantar da ƙasa da amincin girman girman tun kafin kayan aikin ya 'kasa'. Muna gudanar da gaurayawan canje-canjen da aka tsara da kuma saka idanu a cikin tsari, sauraron yankewa da kallon magudanar wutar lantarki. Akwai fasaha don sanin bambanci tsakanin sautin lafiyayye, yankan bakin karfe da farkon zance wanda zai lalata zagayawa.
Sannan akwai manhaja, wato CAM programming. Domin matsananci high daidaici aiki, galibi ba ka yin amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin kayan aiki na cire kayan aiki. Kuna amfani da hankali, mafi daidaito dabarun haɗin gwiwa - trochoidal milling, tsayin tsayin tsayi mai tsayi - wanda ke ba da fifikon kayan aikin da ake iya faɗi da kuma ɓarkewar zafi sama da ɗanyen gudu. Shirin na shingen sararin samaniya na titanium na iya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, har ma da jin kunya, ga wanda ya yi amfani da injin sarrafa aluminum. Amma wannan iko ne ke ba ka damar riƙe matsayi na gaskiya na ?0.025mm a fadin fasali da yawa.
Madaidaicin Saƙon Ra'ayi
Ana bayyana daidaito ta hanyar aunawa, cikakken tsayawa. Ƙarfin injin ku yana da kyau kawai gwargwadon ikon ku na tabbatar da shi. Binciken cikin-tsari babban kayan aiki ne don ramawa ga gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare ko ƙananan bambancin hannun jari, amma ba shine kalmar ƙarshe ba. Don mahimman siffofi, komai yana fitowa daga na'ura kuma yana shiga cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen yanayin yanayi. Wannan shine inda kuke fuskantar kiɗan.
Mun dogara kacokan akan Zeiss Contura CMM, amma kuma akan kit na musamman: manyan sifofi masu tsayi don ma'aunin Ra/Rz akan fuskokin rufewa, da masu kwatancen gani don hadaddun bayanan martaba na 2D. Bayanan ba don tambarin fasfo/ gazawa kawai ba ne. Yana ciyarwa kai tsaye zuwa ga injiniyoyi da masu shirye-shirye. Idan muka ga madaidaiciyar karkatacciyar hanya akan axis Z na wani siffa, wataƙila akwai ɗan ƙaramin juzu'in kayan aikin da ba mu lissafta su ba. Shirin sashi na gaba yana samun daidaitawar 2-micron. Wannan madauki yana rufe, da sauri, kuma na yau da kullun-rubutun rubutu akan bugu, runguma mai sauri a mai duba. A nan ne tsarin ka'idar ya haɗu da gaskiyar zahiri na takamaiman nau'in kayan.
Wannan ya zama mai matuƙar mahimmanci ga sassan da aka ƙaddara don haɗawa, kamar madaidaicin mashin ɗin saka hannun jarin da muke samarwa don tsarin injin ruwa. Abu guda daya da ke kashe ta 'yan microns na iya wuce bincikensa na mutum ɗaya, amma ya haifar da ɗauri ko ɗigo a cikin taron ƙarshe. Bayanan metrology yana taimaka mana mu matsa tsakiyar rukunin juriyar mu zuwa 'mafi kyau' don dacewa, ba kawai nufin girman ƙima ba. Fassarar madaidaici ce mai amfani da aikace-aikace.
Material shine Katin daji
Wannan shi ne inda janar machining magana faduwa. Ultra high ainihin machining Ƙarfe mai laushi wani nau'i ne na musamman daban-daban fiye da yin shi a kan hazo-hardening bakin karfe kamar 17-4PH, ko kuma superalloy na tushen nickel. Kowane abu yana fada a hanyarsa. Injin simintin gyare-gyare na ƙarfe da kyau amma yana da ƙura, yana buƙatar zaɓin kayan aiki a hankali. Bakin ƙarfe na Austenitic yana aiki da ƙarfi, don haka idan adadin abincin ku ya yi ƙasa sosai ko kayan aikinku bai isa ba, kuna da gaske sanyi-aiki a saman, yana sa na gaba wucewa da wahala da lalata rayuwar kayan aiki.
Alloys na musamman - cobalt da tushen nickel waɗanda muke yawan aiki da su QSY- suna cikin rukunin nasu. Suna riƙe da ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai girma, wanda yake da kyau ga ƙarshen amfani a cikin injin turbines ko sarrafa sinadarai, amma yana da muni don mashin ɗin. Zafin yana tsayawa a cikin guntu da kayan aiki, ba sashi ba. Wannan yana buƙatar geometries na kayan aiki na ban mamaki, babban mai sanyaya matsa lamba wanda aka jagoranta daidai a matakin yanke, da kuma shirye-shiryen tunani don saurin gudu. Madaidaicin 'madaidaicin' anan shine game da sarrafa shigarwar zafi don hana ɓarna sashi da lalacewar ingancin saman kamar yadda yake game da bugun girma.
Na tuna wani aiki a kan wani ɓangaren Monel inda muka sami cikakkiyar sakamako mai girma a farkon gudu, amma ragowar damuwa daga machining ya sa ya fashe a lokacin aikin EDM na biyu bayan makonni. Bangaren ya kasance a zahiri 'a cikin takamaiman' har sai ba haka ba. Mun koyi cewa tare da wasu daga cikin waɗannan alluna masu mahimmanci, dabarun injin dole ne su haɗa da sarrafa damuwa a matsayin KPI na farko, koda kuwa yana nufin ƙara matsakaita matakin cirewa. Buga ba ya kiran hakan, amma ƙwarewa yana yi.
Halin Dan Adam da Ji
Yin aiki da kai yana da kyau don maimaitawa. Amma ga gaskiya matsananci high daidaici aiki, musamman akan ƙananan ƙaranci, sassa masu rikitarwa, ƙwarewar mashin ɗin har yanzu shine mafi girman algorithm. Mutumin ne ya lura da wani ɗan jitu daban-daban a cikin sautin dunƙule yayin kammalawa a kan rami mai zurfi kuma ya yanke shawarar tsayawa, duba kayan aiki, kuma wataƙila daidaita yanayin sanyi. Kwarewa ce don duba wani ɓangaren labarin farko sabo da na'ura, kafin rahoton CMM, kuma a nuna wata alama tana cewa, Wannan kafaɗar na iya zama kamar kashi goma cikin ɗari, ba tare da komai ba face rubutun gani na yanke.
An gina wannan jin a kan dubban sa'o'i kuma, mahimmanci, akan kasawa. Mun kwashe sassa masu tsada. Duk wanda ke cikin wannan wasan yana da. Makullin shine gina al'ada inda aka tantance gazawar ba tare da zargi ba. Rashin daidaituwar abu ne daga narke? Sa ido kan shirye-shirye a cikin canjin kayan aiki? Collet wanda ba shi da tsabta kamar yadda yake gani? Wannan bayan mutuwa ya fi kowane littafi daraja. Yana haifar da ilimin cibiyoyi wanda ke wucewa, sau da yawa ta hanyar sauƙi na ƙa'idodin bene na kanti ko jerin abubuwan da aka ƙara wa matafiyi don takamaiman lambar ɓangaren.
A ƙarshen rana, gidan yanar gizon, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, na iya lissafin iyawar mu a cikin injinan CNC da ƙwarewar kayan aiki. Amma abin da ba zai iya ba da cikakken bayani ba shine wannan tarin, kusan fahimtar yadda ƙarfe ke aiki a ƙarƙashin abin yanka. Bambanci ne tsakanin sarrafa na'ura da tsara tsari. Manufar ultra high ainihin machining ba kawai don yin sashin da yayi kyau akan rahoton CMM ba; shi ne ya isar da wani bangaren da ke yin aiki ba tare da aibu ba, a iya hasashensa, a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya, ko na teku ne ko a cikin jikin mutum. Kuma wannan tafiya koyaushe tana farawa tun kafin G-code ya gudana.
