Thaum cov neeg feem coob hnov 'casting', lawv pom cov hlau molten raug nchuav rau hauv cov xuab zeb pwm. Qhov ntawd yog qhov romantic version. Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev sib tham tas mus li ntawm kev tsim ambition, cov khoom siv physics, thiab qhov tsis muaj kev zam txim ntawm solidification. Qhov loj tshaj misconception? Tias nws yog ib qho pheej yig, qis-tech txheej txheem los ua qhov yooj yim. Sim qhia qhov ntawd rau tus kws ua haujlwm uas nws lub siab ncaj ncees turbine hniav ua tsis tiav vim yog ib qho casting defect tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab.
Cov Tub Ntxhais: Nws Hais Txog Pwm
Txhua yam pib thiab feem ntau xaus nrog pwm. Kev xaiv ntawm xuab zeb casting, peev casting, lossis plhaub molding tsis yog hais txog tus nqi xwb; Nws yog hais txog geometry koj tab tom sim ua kom tiav thiab qhov chaw tiav koj xav tau. Piv txwv li, plhaub pwm casting, uas lub tuam txhab nyiam Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) npe raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb, muab koj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb tshaj cov pa ntsuab xuab zeb. Koj siv nws thaum koj xav tau los ua ib feem ntau nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo, xav txog cov cav cav lossis lub cev valve. Lub plhaub yog zoo li nyias, tawv ceramic luam ntawm koj tus qauv.
Kev nqis peev casting yog lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov spectrum rau complexity. Koj tab tom loj hlob ib lub plhaub ceramic nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qauv siv quav ciab, yaj cov quav ciab tawm, thiab ncuav hlau rau hauv kab noj hniav. Cov quav ciab tso cai rau insane complexity - undercuts, sab hauv, ntawv zoo. Tab sis cov txheej txheem yog ntev, thiab tus nqi ib pwm yog siab. Nws tsis yog rau high-volume khiav. Koj pom nws hauv cov khoom siv hauv aerospace, cov cuab yeej phais. Cov txuj ci ntawm no yog tswj kev txhaj tshuaj siv quav ciab, slurry dipping los tsim lub plhaub, thiab tswj kev dewaxing yam tsis tau tawg lub plhaub tawg. Ib tug pinhole nyob rau hauv lub plhaub txheej txhais tau hais tias ib tug fin ntawm qhov kawg, uas tej zaum yuav txhais tau tias ib tug scrapped tivthaiv.
Qhov twg cov neeg tau tripped yog nyob rau hauv tus qauv. Txawm hais tias nws yog rau lub plhaub los yog xuab zeb, tus qauv yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau shrinkage. Cov hlau sib txawv shrink ntawm tus nqi sib txawv. Cov qauv grey hlau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau ib qho txhuas casting yog tias koj xav tau precision. Thiab koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov cua ntsawj ntshab-taper ntawm lub ntsej muag ntsug-yog li koj tuaj yeem rub tus qauv los ntawm cov xuab zeb yam tsis tas rub cov pwm. Kuv tau pom tej yaam num ncua sij hawm vim tus tsim, siv rau CNC machining, xa ib tug zoo meej 90-degree ntsug phab ntsa qauv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem raug pov. Koj yuav tau tshuab nws tom qab, uas defeats lub hom phiaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv ntawm ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv
Xaiv cov khoom zoo li stainless hlau yog qhov pib ntawm kev sib tham, tsis yog qhov kawg. Puas yog peb tham 304, 316, 17-4PH? Txhua qhov ntws sib txawv, shrinks txawv, thiab reacts nrog oxygen sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm ncuav. Qhov nyuaj tiag tiag yog cov alloys tshwj xeeb QSY hais txog, zoo li nickel-based lossis cobalt-based superalloys. Cov no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw huab cua - kub kub, siab corrosion. Lawv ua phem ua qias.
Qhov teeb meem nrog cov alloys no yog lawv cov cwj pwm melting thiab reactivity. Lawv feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab, yog li koj lub qhov cub thiab cov khoom siv crucible yuav tsum tau tiv taus qhov ntawd. Ntau qhov kev thuam, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Yog tias koj tsis ceev faj nrog cov cua hauv qhov cub (siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis cov roj inert), cov ntsiab lus uas koj xav tau - xws li txhuas lossis titanium rau kev ntxiv dag zog - yuav oxidize tawm ntawm cov yaj. Koj nyob nraum nrog ib tug chemistry uas tsis tau raws li spec. Kuv nco qab ib txoj hauj lwm rau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob hauv lub cobalt alloy. Thawj ob peb qhov kev khiav haujlwm tau ua haujlwm tsis sib xws. Hloov tawm, kev hloov pauv me me hauv qhov kub thiab txias tau ua rau qee yam hu ua microsegregation - qee cov ntsiab lus ua kom muaj zog ua ntej, tsim cov chaw tsis muaj zog. Peb yuav tsum nruj lub qhov rais tswj qhov kub ntawm 30 degrees Celsius, uas txhais tau tias recalibrating tag nrho peb cov pyrometers.
Tom qab ntawd muaj rooj vag thiab nce. Qhov no yog cov kav dej uas koj tsim kom tau cov hlau mus rau hauv pwm kab noj hniav (qhov rooj) thiab pub shrinkage raws li nws solidifies (risers). Rau ib qho yooj yim steel bracket, cov qauv kev cai siv. Rau ib tug complex, nyias-walled vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov hlau ductile, nws yog ib tug kos duab. Koj xav kom cov hlau sau cov pwm sai thiab turbulently txaus kom tsis khov ua ntej ntxov, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd turbulent nws erodes pwm thiab tsim cov xuab zeb inclusions. Cov risers yuav tsum nyob twj ywm molten ntev tshaj li qhov tuab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom, pub cov kua hlau los them rau qhov shrinkage. Ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj tau txais shrinkage porosity - ib qho spongy, tsis muaj zog cheeb tsam hauv qhov zoo li ib qho khoom. Kev kuaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li X-ray yuav pom nws, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov seem yog seem.
Qhov twg Casting thiab Machining Collide
Tsawg tsawg qhov cam khwb cia yog npaj siv raws li-cam khwb cia. Yuav luag txhua tus xav tau qee yam tshuab. Qhov no yog qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov foundry thiab lub khw muag khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ib lub tuam txhab ua ob qho tib si, zoo li QSY nrog lawv tau hais CNC machining muaj peev xwm, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Lawv to taub tag nrho txoj kev taug.
Tus yuam sij yog npaj rau machining los ntawm qhov pib. Koj yuav tsum muab cov khoom siv ntxiv, hu ua machining allowance, ntawm txhua qhov chaw uas yuav raug txiav. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv 3mm txhua qhov chaw. Ntxiv ntau dhau txhais tau tias koj nkim hlau kim thiab ua kom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Ntxiv me ntsis, thiab lub cutter yuav tsis ntxuav tag nrho saum npoo, tawm hauv ib thaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij qub. Qhov phem tshaj, yog tias qhov casting nws tus kheej tsis ruaj khov (warped thaum lub caij txias), tus kws kho tshuab yuav pom tias tsis muaj cov khoom los txiav hauv ib qho chaw thiab ntau dhau rau lwm qhov.
Peb kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj ntawm lub twj tso kua mis vaj tsev project. Lub casting tuaj tawm zoo nkauj, tab sis nws muaj ib tug me ntsis hneev, tej zaum 1.5mm tshaj 500mm ntev. Tsis txawv txav rau ntev, zoo li lub thawv. Peb qhov kev pabcuam machining tau suav tias yog qhov chaw tiaj tus. Thawj qhov hla ntawm CNC zeb tau txiav hnyav ntawm ib kawg thiab NW nyuam qhuav khawb rau lwm qhov. Peb yuav tsum nres, rov kho dua, thiab siv qhov kev sojntsuam los qhia qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd kho cov cuab yeej txoj hauv kev. Nws ntxiv teev. Tam sim no, rau qhov tseem ceeb mating nto, peb yog hais kom meej ib tug ncaj siab kam rau ua rau lub casting los yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim stiffening tav los txo warpage. Nws yog qhov kev xav ntawm tus txheej txheem no uas cais cov khoom lag luam los ntawm tus khub tsim khoom.
Qhov Kev Sib Tw Tsis Pom Zoo: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tsis Zoo
Koj tuaj yeem muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj casting uas yog tag nrho tsis ua haujlwm sab hauv. Qhov ntawd yog qhov twg NDT tuaj txog. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov pom yog ib kauj ruam-nrhiav qhov pom tseeb ntawm qhov tsis xws luag xws li txias kaw (qhov twg ob txoj hlua hlau tsis fuse) lossis cov xuab zeb qhov. Dye penetrant kuaj pom cov kab nrib pleb. Tab sis qhov tseeb tiag los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas pom sab hauv.
Kev kuaj hluav taws xob (X-ray) yog tus qauv kub rau kev nrhiav cov voids sab hauv, shrinkage, los yog suav nrog. Koj tab tom nrhiav duab ntxoov ntxoo hauv zaj duab xis. Tab sis nws qeeb thiab kim. Kev ntsuam xyuas Ultrasonic yog nrawm dua rau kev kuaj pom qhov tsis txaus ntawm subsurface, zoo li cov kab nrib pleb hauv qab no. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm kev xa suab nthwv dej los ntawm cov hlau thiab mloog cov suab nrov. Cov txuj ci ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txhais cov teeb liab yog txhua yam.
Qhov kev sib tw yog tias 100% NDT ntawm txhua qhov tsis tshua muaj kev lag luam. Koj tsim ib txoj kev npaj ua qauv raws li qhov kev thuam ntawm ib feem. Ib qho khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem tau txais kev pom nkaus xwb. Lub siab-muaj valve lub cev rau cov roj rig? Qhov ntawd tau txais 100% X-ray ntawm txhua ntu tseem ceeb. Tus qauv uas koj ua haujlwm rau - ASTM, ISO, MIL spec - hais qhov loj thiab qhov ntom ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Qee zaum, koj pom qhov tsis zoo uas yog technically hauv spec tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txaus ntshai. Koj puas xa nkoj? Qhov ntawd yog kev txiav txim hu, sib tham nrog tus neeg siv khoom tus engineer. Kuv twb yuav tsum sib cav hais tias ib qho me me, cais qhov pore deb ntawm txhua qhov chaw muaj kev ntxhov siab tsis yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm, txuag ib qho nqi ntawm cov khoom seem. Lwm lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum yog tus hu rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm, txawm tias nws mob.
Kev sib haum xeeb tiag tiag hauv ntiaj teb: Tus Nqi, Sijhawm, Kev Ua Haujlwm
Thaum kawg, casting yog hais txog kev nrhiav kev sib haum xeeb. Tus tsim qauv xav tau lub teeb yuag, siab zog, thermally npaum, geometrically complex nrog daim iav tiav. Lub chaw yuav khoom xav tau nws rau $ 50 ib chav. Kev tsim khoom xav tau 10,000 daim los ntawm peb lub hlis tom ntej.
Koj yuav tsum rhuav tshem cov kev cai ntawd. Geometrically complex thawb koj mus rau kev nqis peev casting, uas ua rau tus nqi nce thiab tuaj yeem txo qis. 10,000 daim thawb koj mus rau kev kub siab tuag casting lossis pwm mus tas li, uas txwv tsis pub cov khoom siv thiab yuav tsis ua tiav qhov nyuaj sab hauv. Lub zog siab yuav xav tau cov hlau lossis cov hlau tshwj xeeb, uas txwv qee cov txheej txheem siab ceev. Koj xaus rau hauv nruab nrab, tej zaum nrog ib tug zoo-tsim xuab zeb casting nrog cov tswv yim siv cores, nyob rau hauv ductile hlau, nrog rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb machined. Nws tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws version ntawm ib qho zoo tagnrho, tab sis nws yog qhov version uas tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau, ntawm tus nqi, raws sijhawm.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb tiag. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev ua tiav kev ua tiav hauv ib qho kev coj ua. Nws yog hais txog orchestrating tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv-pwm txoj kev, khoom siv, rooj vag, kev kho cua sov, machining-mus ntaus qhov chaw qab zib rau daim ntawv thov. Ib tus neeg muag khoom nrog ntau xyoo hauv qhov kev ua si, zoo li lub tuam txhab muaj hnub nyoog 30 xyoo, tau pom cov kev sib pauv no ib txhiab zaug. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog ua cov ntawv luam tawm xwb; lawv tab tom nyeem ntawm cov kab ntawm cov kev xav tau, cia siab tias qhov twg cov txheej txheem yuav tawm tsam rov qab, thiab coj txoj haujlwm mus rau qhov txiaj ntsig tsim tau. Qhov ntawd yog tus nqi tiag tiag, thiab nws yog ib yam uas koj tsuas kawm tau los ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees ob peb zaug ua ntej koj pib tau txais nws tsis tu ncua.
