Saib, gravity xuab zeb casting. Nws suab ncaj nraim, txoj cai? Ncuav molten hlau rau hauv cov xuab zeb pwm, cia lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ua nws, tawg tawm ib feem. Kuv tau hnov qhov yooj yim version ib txhiab zaus, thiab nws yog dab tsi ua rau thawj qhov kev xav tsis zoo: tias nws tsuas yog pheej yig, qis-tech txheej txheem rau cov duab yooj yim. Qhov tseeb, qhov nuance, yog qhov khoom siv tes ua tiag tiag. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev ua ib qho duab xwb; Nws yog hais txog kev tswj kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb kab noj hniav, tswj cov cua kub hloov mus los ntawm cov khoom siv uas yog av, thiab cia siab tias cov hlau yuav coj li cas thaum nws tsuas yog rub los ntawm nws qhov hnyav. Qhov ntawd yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siv tau casting thiab ib pawg seem. Kuv tau pom cov khw tau lulled los ntawm qhov pom tseeb yooj yim thiab tom qab ntawd tau hammered los ntawm cov teeb meem porosity lossis qhov tsis sib xws, tag nrho vim tias lawv tau kho cov xuab zeb zoo li lub thawv xwb, tsis yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thermal.
Xuab zeb tsis yog Xuab zeb xwb
Qhov no yog tej zaum qhov feem ntau overlooked nam. Thaum peb tham txog lub gravity xuab zeb casting pwm, peb tsis tham txog cov xuab zeb puam. Nws yog ib tug formulated system. Lub binder-txawm hais tias nws yog xuab zeb ntsuab (av nplaum-bonded), resin-bonded, los yog lwm yam - hloov tag nrho cov kev ua si. Cov xuab zeb ntsuab muaj qhov plasticity, uas muab qhov zoo heev rau qee qhov geometry thiab tso cai rau kev sib tw zoo. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus noo noo? Kev npau suav phem kom ua raws li huab cua ntub. Ib qho kev hloov ntawm ib feem pua lossis ob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag, qhov porosity nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm casting uas koj tsuas pom thaum lub sij hawm machining. Kuv nco qab ib pawg ntawm cov hlua hlau uas peb tau ua; qhov saum npoo zoo nkaus li zoo meej, tab sis lub khw machining hu peb rov qab nrog cov duab ntawm cov pits me me thoob plaws lub ntsej muag. Tus neeg ua txhaum? Ib tug spike nyob rau hauv av noo hmo ntuj peb molded seem ntawd. Cov xuab zeb tau absorbed ntxiv noo noo, uas tig mus rau lub rwj tam sim ntawd hlau ntaus nws.
Tom qab ntawd koj muaj cov resin-bonded sands, zoo li furan los yog phenolic-urethane. Ntau qhov zoo dua qhov ruaj khov thiab qhov chaw tiav, uas yog vim li cas lawv feem ntau siv rau ntau cov cores hauv gravity xuab zeb casting. Tab sis qhov kev lag luam tawm yog qhov tsis hnov tsw, tus nqi, thiab qhov tseeb tias cov xuab zeb dhau los ua cov khoom pov tseg uas nyuaj rau rov qab. Koj tab tom yuav cov xuab zeb tshiab ntau dua. Thiab lub rooj vag tsim yuav tsum tau pom. Nrog cov xuab zeb ntsuab, muaj qee qhov permeability kom cia cov pa tawm. Nrog qee cov txheej txheem nyuaj no, yog tias koj lub vents tsis zoo tag nrho, koj tab tom ntim roj thiab tsim tshuab. Nws yog qhov sib npaug tas li ntawm cov khoom siv, tus nqi, thiab qhov kawg yuav tsum tau ua.
Thiab qhov tseem ceeb ua yog nws lub ntiaj teb. Rau cov lus sab hauv hauv lub cev lub cev lossis lub cav thaiv, koj tso cov xuab zeb core rau hauv pwm. Cov tub ntxhais yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los tuav lub molten hlau lub siab yam tsis tau ntxuav, tab sis kuj collapsible txaus tso cai rau lub casting kom ntsws tsis tsim kua muag kub. Tau txais daim ntawv qhia xuab zeb zoo li no - qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb, khi, thiab cov khoom ntxiv - yog alchemy. Kuv tau pom cov cores uas muaj zog heev ua rau lub casting thaum nws txias thiab cog lus nyob ib ncig ntawm no unyielding sab hauv daim ntawv. Lwm lub sij hawm, ib tug tub ntxhais yuav soften ntxov dhau, ua rau cov hlau infiltrate thiab tsim fins nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas koj yuav tsis tau ntxuav. Nws yeej tsis cia li ua cov xuab zeb zoo li.
Gating, Pub, thiab Physics ntawm Flow
Lub rooj vag system yog cov kav dej rau cov hlau molten. Nws zoo li qhov nthuav dav thib ob, tab sis nws yog thawj. Hauv gravity xuab zeb casting, koj tsis muaj kev kub siab los quab yuam-piv cov hlau. Koj nyob nraum cia siab rau lub taub hau hydraulic - qhov siab ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub sprue - los muab lub siab los sau cov kab noj hniav. Yog tias koj cov sprue luv dhau, koj yuav tsis sau cov seem nyias. Siab dhau lawm, thiab koj tau txais kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau, uas qhia cov oxide suav nrog thiab huab cua rau hauv cov kwj deg. Lub hom phiaj yog laminar ntws. Koj xav kom cov hlau ntim cov pwm ntsiag to, zoo li ncuav syrup, tsis zoo li dej tsaws tsag.
Peb kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj ntawm ib tug series ntawm stainless hlau twj tso kua mis vaj tse rau ib tug neeg. Tus tsim thawj zaug tau yooj yim downsprue mus rau hauv ib qho ingate. Cov castings tseem tawm tuaj nrog qhov zoo li cov av suav nrog ze rau saum. Tom qab txiav lawv sib nrug thiab txheeb xyuas, nws tsis yog av-nws yog slag thiab oxidized hlau uas tau churned thaum lub sij hawm ncuav. Peb rov tsim kho lub rooj vag kom suav nrog lub qhov dej hauv qab ntawm lub sprue txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Qhov tsis xws luag poob ntau dua 70%. Qhov ntawd yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov system zoo ua. Nws tsis yog khawv koob; Nws yog siv kua dynamics.
Tom qab ntawd muaj kev pub mis - cov risers. Cov no yog cov reservoir ntawm kub hlau uas pub lub casting li nws solidifies thiab shrinks. Hlau shrinks thaum nws mus los ntawm cov kua rau khoom. Yog hais tias koj tsis pub qhov shrinkage, koj tau txais shrinkage porosity, ib tug spongy, tsis muaj zog cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub casting. Qhov ua kom yuam kev yog muab cov riser tso rau hauv qhov chaw zoo, ua rau nws qhov loj me, thiab xyuas kom nws nyob kub ntev dua qhov seem ntawm qhov casting nws pub. Qee zaum koj xav tau lub tes tsho exothermic riser kom cov hlau molten. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kev coj ua kom muaj zog: ua rau cov casting solidify los ntawm extremities rov qab mus rau lub riser, yog li tus riser tuaj yeem noj cov kua hlau tas li mus rau hauv qhov chaw shrinking. Ib tug tsis zoo tso riser tsuas yog qhov hnyav tuag koj yuav tsum txiav tawm; ib tug zoo-tsim ib tug yog kev tuav pov hwm rau suab hlau.
Cov khoom siv xaiv thiab cov seev cev Solidification
Cov hlau koj xaiv dictates txhua yam hauv lub gravity xuab zeb casting txheej txheem. Grey hlau coj tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li cov hlau nplaum, uas tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li hlau lossis npib tsib xee-raws li alloy. Grey hlau, nrog nws cov graphite flakes, muaj fluidity zoo thiab kev nthuav dav thaum lub sij hawm solidification vim graphite nag lossis daus. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txo cov teeb meem shrinkage. Ductile hlau, nrog nws cov kheej kheej graphite, muaj qhov sib txawv shrinkage yam ntxwv thiab muaj ntau dua rau kev tsim tawm yog tias tsis ua tib zoo saib xyuas.
Steel yog tsiaj nyaum. Lub pouring kub yog ntau dua li hlau, uas txhais tau hais tias ntau cua sov los tswj. Cov xuab zeb pwm tau txais lub zog thermal shock. Hlau kuj tseem muaj qhov qis dua ntau dua - nyob ib ncig ntawm 2% lossis ntau dua rau cov hlau. Koj qhov kev pub mis (risers) yuav tsum loj dua thiab muaj zog dua. Thiab nrog qee cov alloys, xws li stainless los yog high-alloy steels, lub fluidity yuav qis dua, xav tau kev ceev faj ntau dua los tsim cov seem nyias. Kuv tau ua haujlwm nrog cov khw zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ntawm tej yaam num uas muaj tshwj xeeb alloys. Koj tuaj yeem pom lawv cov kev paub dhau los ntawm lawv qhov chaw ntawm https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Thaum koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cobalt-based lossis npib tsib xee-raws li alloys, tus nqi ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej yog siab heev uas cov scrapped casting yog ib qho kev poob loj. Cov npoo rau qhov yuam kev shrinks. Cov txheej txheem tswj-los ntawm xuab zeb kub mus rau hlau pouring kub mus rau qhov ceev ntawm lub ncuav-yuav tsum tau ceev faj. Lawv cov keeb kwm ntev hauv casting thiab machining, raws li tau sau tseg hauv lawv cov lus qhia, qhia tias lawv tau taug qab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb cov kev sib tw thoob plaws lub plhaub, peev, thiab cov txheej txheem xuab zeb.
Aluminium thiab tooj liab-raws li alloys yog lwm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho. Lawv nchuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tab sis tuaj yeem ua gassy. Lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau degassing nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg los yog ladle ua ntej lub ncuav kom tshem tawm hydrogen, uas ua rau tag nrho cov porosity. Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau qhuav kiag li. Txhua qhov dej noo yuav ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov nrog cov txhuas, tsis yog tsim cov pa roj xwb tab sis muaj peev xwm ua rau tawg tawg ua rau cov pwm puas. Txhua yam khoom muaj nws tus kheej, nws cov txheej txheem xav tau ntawm tus txheej txheem.
Nws haum qhov twg thiab thaum twg los saib lwm qhov
Gravity xuab zeb casting excels ntawm nruab nrab mus rau loj qhov chaw nrog kuj yooj yim mus rau moderately complex geometry. Xav txog lub cav thaiv, lub tsev nyob hauv lub cev, lub cev loj lub cev, lub tshuab cuab yeej hauv paus, cov twj tso kua mis. Nws yog tus nqi-zoo rau cov ntim qis mus rau nruab nrab vim tias cov cuab yeej (tus qauv) kuj pheej yig piv rau cov pwm mus tas li lossis tuag-casting tuag. Lub sij hawm txhuas los tsim ib feem tshiab tuaj yeem luv yog tias koj siv ntoo lossis yas qauv. Qhov luaj li cas yog qhov tsis txwv - koj tuaj yeem nrum qhov hnyav tons.
Tab sis nws muaj nws qhov txwv. Qhov saum npoo tiav thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, thaum zoo, tsis nruj npaum li koj tau txais nrog peev casting lossis siab-siab tuag casting. Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib feem nrog ultra-nyias phab ntsa (hauv qab no tej zaum 1/8 nti rau feem ntau hlau), intricate cov ntsiab lus, los yog ib tug iav-zoo li-cam khwb cia nto, tej zaum koj nyob nraum saib ntawm peev casting. Tias yog vim li cas ib tug full-service foundry nyiam QSY yuav muab ob lub plhaub pwm thiab peev casting nrog rau lawv cov peev xwm. Plhaub pwm ua rau koj nce qib hauv qhov tseeb thiab ua tiav los ntawm cov xuab zeb casting yooj yim, thiab peev casting mus ntxiv. Nws yog hais txog kev sib piv cov txheej txheem rau ib feem ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Lwm qhov kev txiav txim siab loj yog tus nqi tsim khoom. Ua txhua xuab zeb pwm los ntawm tes yog qeeb. Rau cov khoom ntim loj ntawm cov khoom me me, automated ntsuab xuab zeb molding kab muaj nyob, tab sis qhov ntawd yog qhov peev txheej loj. Rau kev ua haujlwm hauv khw lossis rau kev tsim qauv, phau ntawv lossis semi-automated gravity xuab zeb casting yog incredibly hloov tau. Koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho los yog cov khoom me me yam tsis tau ua txhaum lub txhab nyiaj ntawm kev siv cuab yeej. Nws yog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm rau ib qho laj thawj - nws yog qhov hloov tau, zam txim rau qee txoj hauv kev (koj tuaj yeem kho tus qauv ib txwm), thiab muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov khoom muaj zog, ruaj khov.
Lub Inevitable Variables thiab Human Factor
Tsis muaj teeb meem npaum li cas koj standardize, foundry ua hauj lwm yog tag nrho ntawm variables. Qhov kub ntawm cov xuab zeb thaum koj nchuav. Qhov kub ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub ladle - thiab nws txias thaum koj ncuav, yog li lub xeem pwm nyob rau hauv ib tug series tej zaum yuav tau txias me ntsis hlau dua thawj. Cov txuj ci ntawm tus pourer. Ib tug zoo pourer tswj qhov ceev, ua kom lub sprue tag nrho kom tswj lub taub hau siab, thiab txo qis turbulence. Ib tug novice tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov pwm tsim zoo meej.
Tom qab ntawd muaj shakeout thiab tu. Kev rhuav tshem cov xuab zeb zoo li yooj yim, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog yog tias koj ntxhib dhau. Cov rooj vag thiab risers yuav tsum tau txiav tawm, feem ntau yog siv cov hlua khi los yog cov txiav txiav. Tom qab ntawd muaj kev sib tsoo kom du qhov chaw txiav, tua blasting los ntxuav qhov chaw, thiab feem ntau kho cua sov rau cov khoom kawg. Txhua kauj ruam qhia txog kev ua yuam kev lossis kev puas tsuaj. Kuv twb pom ib tug zoo nkauj, suab casting tau ib tug tob gouge los ntawm ib tug overzealous grinder, tig mus rau hauv ib tug kho txoj hauj lwm los yog seem.
Thaum kawg ntawm hnub, gravity xuab zeb casting yog ib qho txheej txheem hauv paus. Nws tsis yog glamorous. Nws feem ntau qias neeg thiab kub. Tab sis muaj kev txaus siab sib sib zog nqus hauv kev noj ib pawg ntawm cov xuab zeb, ib pob ntawm cov hlau, thiab tig mus rau hauv qhov tseeb, ua haujlwm zoo, cov khoom thauj khoom thauj khoom los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv qub qub thiab niaj hnub metallurgical science. Cov khw uas ua tau zoo, cov uas muaj xyoo caum nyob rau hauv lawv txoj siv zoo li QSY, muaj internalized tag nrho cov nuances - cov xuab zeb zaub mov, cov kev cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo, cov quirks ntawm txhua alloy. Lawv tsis tsuas yog ua castings; lawv tswj tau qhov kev tshwm sim solidification. Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov ua kom yuam kev tiag tiag ntawm nws.
