Thaum cov neeg feem coob hnov 'kev nqis peev casting qhov chaw', lawv pom cov khoom sib luag, ze-net-puab cov khoom, tej zaum cov hniav turbine los yog cov khoom siv kho mob. Qhov ntawd yog polished kawg khoom. Qhov tseeb, kev sib tsoo txhua hnub, yog hais txog kev tswj cov qauv siv quav ciab txoj kev ncaj ncees, lub plhaub ceramic permeability, thiab cov seev cev metallurgical thaum lub sij hawm nchuav. Ntau lub khw tau dai rau ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev ua siab ntev-uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, tsis txhob ua rau kuv yuam kev-tab sis lawv feem ntau saib tsis tau tag nrho cov txheej txheem, los ntawm kev tsim pwm thawj zaug mus rau qhov kawg ntawm kev kho cua sov, dictates cov qauv kev ncaj ncees. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev ua kom zoo nkauj xwb; Nws yog hais txog engineering ib microstructure.
Lub Tsev Wax: Qhov twg Nws Pib Txhua Yam (Thiab tuaj yeem mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm)
Lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj ciab yog qhov yooj yim deceptively. Koj xav tias nws tsuas yog sau cov hlau tuag nrog siv quav ciab thiab tos kom nws teeb. Tab sis qhov kub gradients ntawm no yog txhua yam. Yog tias cov quav ciab txias dhau sai, koj tau txais kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis txawm tias tawg hnub tom qab, thaum sib dhos. Kuv twb pom ib batch ntawm peev casting qhov chaw rau lub tsev twj tso kua mis tau muab pov tseg vim hais tias chav tsev ciab ambient kub hloov los ntawm tsuas yog 5 degrees Celsius nyob rau ib lub lis piam. Cov qauv zoo li zoo meej rau hnub Monday sawv ntxov, tab sis los ntawm hnub Wednesday, lawv tau hloov pauv txaus los ua tsis tiav CMM daim tshev.
Tom qab ntawd muaj wax nws tus kheej. Tsis yog tag nrho cov wax yog tsim sib npaug. Rau complex, nyias-walled Cheebtsam, koj xav tau ib tug sib tov nrog ntau dua muab tub lim cov ntsiab lus rau rigidity, tab sis yuav ua rau nws nkig. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua. Ib tus neeg muag khoom zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), nrog rau lawv lub xyoo caum hauv qhov kev ua si, tej zaum yuav muaj cov qauv siv quav ciab los yog tsawg kawg yog tus neeg muag khoom nruj heev rau cov tsev neeg sib txawv. Qhov ntawd yog hom kev paub tacit uas koj tsim dua 30 xyoo, tsis yog los ntawm phau ntawv.
Kev sib dhos ntawm cov qauv siv quav ciab rau ntawm tsob ntoo hauv nruab nrab yog lwm daim duab kos duab. Lub kaum sab xis thiab cov ntsiab lus txuas tsis yog rau kev thauj mus los nkaus xwb; lawv cuam tshuam rau cov kev taw qhia solidification ntawm cov hlau tom qab. Muab cov qauv hnyav rau hauv qhov chaw tsis ncaj ncees lawm, thiab koj tsim qhov chaw kub kub uas ua rau cov porosity shrinkage. Peb kawm qhov no nyuaj txoj kev thaum ntxov nrog stainless hlau valve lub cev. Zoo nkauj nto tag, tab sis nws ua tsis tau tejyam kev kuaj X-ray. Qhov kho tsis nyob hauv qhov cub; nws yog nyob rau hauv rov tsim lub wax ntoo layout.
Ceramic Plhaub: Nws yog lub lim, tsis yog pwm xwb
Kev tsim lub plhaub ceramic yog qhov qeeb, rov ua dua txheej txheem ntawm dipping, stuccoing, thiab ziab. Cov lus piav qhia feem ntau nres ntawm nws tsim cov pwm refractory. Dab tsi lawv nco yog tias lub plhaub no yog ib qho dynamic, semi-permeable barrier. Nws lub tsho tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog zircon-raws li slurry, txiav txim siab qhov kawg nto ntawm qhov casting. Txhua yam npuas huab cua los yog suav nrog ntawm no tau rov ua zoo kawg nkaus rau saum npoo hlau. Kuv siv sijhawm ntev heev los tshuaj xyuas thawj lub tsho tiv no hauv qab lub teeb loj.
Cov tsho tiv no tom ntej yog hais txog lub zog thiab thermal stability. Tab sis ntawm no yog ib tug nuance: lub permeability ntawm lub tiav lawm plhaub dictates yuav ua li cas gases khiav thaum lub sij hawm lub ncuav thiab hlawv tawm ntawm cov quav ciab. Lub plhaub uas tuab heev tuaj yeem ntxiab roj, ua rau lub tshuab los yog pinholes. Cov ntxeem tau dhau lawm, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub siab metallostatic, ua rau muaj kev tawg-ua tsis zoo thiab txaus ntshai. Tau txais cov slurry viscosity thiab stucco grain loj rau txhua lub tsho tiv no yog ib daim ntawv qhia honed los ntawm kev paub. Cov tuam txhab uas tau nyob ntawm nws ntev li ntev tau QSY muaj qhov no mus rau ib qho kev tshawb fawb, tej zaum yuav muaj cov kab dipping rau qhov sib xws, tab sis txawm li ntawd los, cov av noo ib puag ncig yog daim npav qus uas lawv tau saib xyuas tas li.
Dewaxing - cov kauj ruam uas koj yaj los yog nthwv dej tawm ntawm cov quav ciab - yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lub plhaub. Yog tias ua tau hnyav heev, lub thermal shock tuaj yeem ua rau micro-cracks. Peb ib zaug hloov mus rau lub voj voog autoclave sai dua kom nce cov khoom siv. Cov shells tuav, tab sis cov castings pib pom zoo veining. Coj peb ib lub lim tiam ntawm kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj los taug qab nws rov qab mus rau micro-pob txha nyob rau hauv lub plhaub thawj txheej los ntawm cov pa tawg ntau dua. Peb hu lub voj voog rov qab thiab tus nqi tsis raug poob. Qee zaum, qeeb qeeb yog qhov ua tau zoo dua.
Lub Pour: Metallurgy ntsib kev ua tau zoo
Qhov no yog qhov theoretical ntsib cov hlau molten. Rau peev casting qhov chaw nyob rau hauv alloys xws li npib tsib xee los yog cobalt-raws li superalloys, lub ncuav yog ib tug tswj kev sib tw rau lub sij hawm. Cov hlau feem ntau yog nchuav rau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov kub siab tshaj nws cov dej taw tes kom ntseeg tau tias muaj dej ntws los ntawm cov ntu nyias, tab sis qhov kub ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo loj hlob thiab kev sib cais tshuaj. Lub rooj vag uas koj tau tsim lub limtiam dhau los hauv daim ntawv siv quav ciab yog tam sim no tsuas yog kev tswj xyuas koj muaj li cas cov hlau nyob hauv kab noj hniav. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev kub ntxhov txaus kom tsis txhob txias txias tab sis laminar txaus kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov slag lossis oxide zaj duab xis.
Kuv nco qab txog qhov project rau qhov kub-kub alloy tivthaiv siv hauv aerospace. Lub spec hu rau ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nplej kom qaug zog. Ua tiav qhov ntawd tsis yog hais txog cov hlau chemistry; Nws yog hais txog pre-heating lub ceramic plhaub rau ib tug meej kub (nyob rau hauv ib tug 25 ° C qhov rais) thiab tswj lub ncuav ceev los txhawb kev taw qhia solidification ntawm lub ntsis ntawm ib feem rov qab mus rau hauv lub qhov rooj. Nws coj peb tus kws tsav dav hlau khiav kom ua tau zoo. Lub chaw tsim khoom muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov kev txwv no - lawv lub cub tawg calibration, lawv lub plhaub ua ntej cua sov qhov cub - yog dab tsi cais lub khw ua hauj lwm los ntawm ib tus neeg koom tes tiag tiag.
Tom qab nchuav, lub plhaub tau tawg, tab sis ib feem nyob deb ntawm kev ua tiav. Cov rooj vag thiab cov neeg khiav dej num, tseem tam sim no nyob rau hauv hlau, yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Rau cov alloys nyuaj, qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias siv lub log txiav tawm lossis txawm tias EDM hlau txiav. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob qhia txog kev ntxhov siab lossis kev puas tsuaj thermal rau hauv nws tus kheej ntawm theem no. Nws yog ib kauj ruam ua tiav uas yuav tsum tau ntau npaum li finesse raws li cov txheej txheem casting.
Machining & Finishing: Lub Casting tsis yog qhov kawg
Yuav luag txhua qhov kev nqis peev casting yuav tsum muaj qee qib ntawm machining. Cov lus cog tseg ntawm ze-net-zoo tsis tshua muaj net-zoo li. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj qhov tseem ceeb sealing nto, threaded qhov, los yog nruj-tolerance bores uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Qhov no yog qhov uas kev koom ua ke nrog CNC machining peev xwm dhau los ua qhov txiaj ntsig loj. Yog hais tias lub tsev casting kuj tuav lub machining, xws li QSY ua nrog lawv cov kev pabcuam CNC machining, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov tsim qauv rau kev ua haujlwm txij thaum pib.
Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem ntxiv cov nyiaj pub dawb me me hauv qhov chaw raug, paub meej tias lawv qhov kev sib tw yuav tuav qhov oddly-shaped casting. Lawv nkag siab txog qhov muaj peev xwm rau kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv qhov casting thiab tuaj yeem ua raws li kev ua haujlwm machining los daws nws yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam. Sim kom tau txais qib no ntawm kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev xa cov khoom nyoos mus rau lub khw muag khoom sib cais yog fraught nrog kev sib txuas lus sib txuas thiab ntiv tes taw yog tias muaj qee yam tsis raug.
Surface finishing yog lwm qhov kev xav. Rau corrosion-resistant daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv stainless hlau, ib tug passivation kev kho mob yog tus qauv. Tab sis rau qhov chaw nrog cov channel sab hauv lossis cov geometries nyuaj, kev ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ntxuav yog qhov nyuaj. Nws yog ib qho kev nthuav dav uas yooj yim los piav qhia ntawm daim duab tab sis nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Ib tus neeg muag khoom zoo yuav muaj cov txheej txheem siv tau rau qhov no, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab lossis ultrasonics.
Material Nuances: Tsis yog txhua yam hlau yog hlau
Cov khoom xaiv yog qhov twg daim ntawv thov tiag tiag txhais cov txheej txheem. Thaum peb tham txog steel los yog stainless hlau rau peev casting qhov chaw, peb tab tom tham txog kaum ob ntawm cov qib tshwj xeeb. A 17-4 PH stainless muaj nag lossis daus hardening rau lub zog, tab sis nws lub voj voog kho cua sov yog rhiab heev thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias. A 316L muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev tab sis yog gummy rau tshuab. Lub foundry yuav tsum paub qhov no.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov alloys tshwj xeeb. Nickel-raws li alloys, zoo li Inconel 718, feem ntau xaiv rau qhov kub thiab txias zog thiab oxidation kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj npe nrov rau kev sib cais ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo li niobium thaum lub sij hawm solidification. Qhov no yuav tsum tau tswj nruj heev ntawm qhov txias txias thiab feem ntau tom qab homogenization tshav kub kho kom rov faib cov ntsiab lus sib npaug. Lub khw uas tsis muaj kev paub txog kev sib sib zog nqus metallurgical tej zaum yuav cam khwb cia zoo tab sis xa ib feem nrog sub-par mechanical zog.
Cobalt-based alloys, zoo li Stellite, yog lwm yam tsiaj nyaum. Lawv zoo kawg nkaus hnav thiab corrosion-resistant tab sis tuaj yeem nkig. Kev tsim cov fillet radii thiab ntu hloov pauv kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Koj tsis tuaj yeem coj tus qauv tsim rau carbon steel thiab nrum nws hauv cov cobalt alloy. Lub tswv yim voj voog ntawm tus tsim engineer thiab foundry metallurgist yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Kev ua haujlwm ntev ua rau lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm qhov kev paub no, nkag siab tias txhua yam ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb - los ntawm cov hlau hlau mus rau superalloys - coj tus cwj pwm hauv lawv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.
Kev xav zaum kawg: Nws yog qhov system, tsis yog kauj ruam
Saib rov qab, zaj lus qhia loj tshaj plaws yog tias kev nqis peev casting yog ib qho kev sib tshuam. Ib tug tweak nyob rau hauv cov quav ciab mis muaj feem xyuam rau lub plhaub build-up, uas cuam tshuam rau dewaxing kev vam meej, uas hloov lub thermal profile rau lub ncuav, uas cuam tshuam rau lub grain qauv. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo hauv silos. Tus nqi ntawm tus khub tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov khoom siv rau lub plhaub pwm casting, peev casting, thiab CNC machining nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv muaj cov txheej txheem engineers uas to taub yuav ua li cas txhua theem tham mus rau tom ntej.
Tus nqi tiag tiag tsis nyob ntawm tus nqi ib feem; nws yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm qhov project - lub sij hawm engineering, tus qauv iterations, lub sij hawm ua rau ib tug txhim khu kev qha ntau lawm khiav. Ib qho me me ntawm tus nqi qis dua nrog lub khw muag khoom tsawg dua tuaj yeem evaporate nrog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm uas kaw cov kab sib dhos. Qhov sib xws uas yog los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev khiav cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, zoo li koj xav tau los ntawm lub tuam txhab nrog 30-xyoo keeb kwm, yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis tab sis tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tau txais ib feem uas zoo nkaus li zoo thiab tau txais ib feem uas ua tau zoo, batch tom qab batch.
Yog li lub sij hawm tom ntej koj ntsuam xyuas ib txheej ntawm cov duab kos rau peev casting, saib yav dhau los geometry. Xav txog cov khoom siv tus cwj pwm, qhov chaw tseem ceeb, cov rooj plaub. Thiab xaiv koj tus khub raws li lawv txoj kev xav, tsis yog lawv daim ntawv qhia xwb. Ib feem ntawm txoj kev taug kev los ntawm CAD qauv mus rau ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib tug neeg txhais tes yog ntev thiab ntau nuanced dua li nws zoo li.
