Thaum cov neeg feem coob hnov 'hlau casting', lawv pom ib lub ladle ntawm cov hlau molten thiab cov xuab zeb pwm - cov txheej txheem brute-force. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tab sis nws yog lub ntsiab lus pib uas nco lub nuance. Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais cov hlau ntws; nws tswj tau dab tsi tshwm sim thaum nws solidifies, txias, thiab tau machined. Kuv tau pom ntau txoj haujlwm dawm los ntawm kev kho cov cam khwb cia li ib qho pheej yig, zoo li pob. Qib tseem ceeb, hom pwm tseem ceeb dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm tom qab casting txiav txim siab txhua yam.
Pwm yog Cov Lus
Koj tsis yog xaiv cov pwm rau cov duab; koj xaiv nws rau daim tawv nqaij. Rau intricate, siab kam rau ua qhov chaw hauv hlau casting, peb yuav luag ib txwm lean ntawm plhaub pwm lossis peev casting. Xuab zeb casting muaj nws qhov chaw rau loj, ntxhib Cheebtsam, tab sis cov nto tiav thiab qhov sib xws ntawm lub plhaub-coated yog nyob rau lwm theem. Kuv nco qab ib pawg ntawm cov twj tso kua mis uas cov neeg siv khoom tau hais rau cov xuab zeb ntsuab rau tus nqi. Cov castings tuaj nrog ib tug nto zoo li ntxhib sandpaper, thiab lub sij hawm machining los ntxuav lawv li erased ib qho kev txuag pib. Cov pwm dictates thawj 50% ntawm koj cov nqi kawg.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas lub khw qhov kev paub qhia. Ib lub tuam txhab zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nrog rau lawv peb lub xyoo caum hauv plhaub thiab peev casting, muaj cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem tsis dialed nyob rau hauv. Lawv paub, piv txwv li, yuav ua li cas lub thermal expansion ntawm lawv cov khoom plhaub cuam tshuam nrog kev cog lus ntawm cov qib hlau sib txawv. Nws tsis yog phau ntawv kawm paub; nws yog yam uas koj kawm tom qab pom ib txhiab pwm tawg los yog tsim flashing nyob rau tib qhov chaw.
Lub rooj vag system tsim - cov kab uas pub hlau rau hauv cov pwm kab noj hniav - yog lwm qhov kev kos duab tsaus. Ncuav nrawm nrawm nrog cov rooj vag tsis raug, thiab koj tau txais kev kub ntxhov, huab cua nkag, thiab slag suav nrog. Kuv ib zaug ua hauj lwm rau ntawm ib tug complex iav casing qhov twg peb muaj persistent shrinkage porosity nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab seem. Peb sim txhua yam: kho qhov kub thiab txias, siv txias txias. Qhov kho? Rov tsim kho lub rooj vag kom tsim tau cov qauv kev taw qhia ntau dua. Nws yog qhov hloov maj mam hloov hauv qhov loj thiab qhov chaw khiav, ib yam dab tsi novice yuav tsis pom.
Cov ntaub ntawv yog ntau tshaj ib daim ntawv Spec
Qhia cov cam khwb cia hlau zoo li taug kev mus rau hauv lub tsev noj mov thiab thov zaub mov. Grey hlau (Grey Iron), ductile hlau (Nodular Iron), compacted graphite… txhua tus coj zoo li cov khoom sib txawv kiag li. Grey hlau yog zoo rau damping vibration tab sis nkig; ductile hlau muaj zog thiab ib co toughness. Cov ntsiab lus alloying thiab cov txheej txheem inoculation thaum lub sij hawm nchuav ua los yog tawg nws.
Peb muaj ib qhov project rau high-stress mounting bracket. Daim duab hu ua generic Qib 250 grey hlau. Ib yam dab tsi tawm. Tom qab tham los ntawm cov teeb meem thauj khoom thiab cuam tshuam kev pheej hmoo nrog tus kws ua haujlwm, peb tau thawb rau kev hloov mus rau ferritic ductile hlau. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog siab dua, tab sis ib feem yog sib zog, muaj zog dua, thiab muaj sia nyob qaug zog sim cov grey hlau version yuav ua tsis tau. Tus neeg siv khoom tau saib tus nqi ib kg; peb tau saib ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov no yog vim li cas kev koom tes nrog lub chaw tsim khoom uas ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb alloys yog qhov kev nyab xeeb. Paub tias tus neeg muag khoom zoo li QSY ua haujlwm nrog txhua yam los ntawm cov qauv hlau thiab cov hlau mus rau cov nickel-raws li alloys txhais tau tias lawv nkag siab txog metallurgy ntawm qib yaj. Lawv tsis yog nchuav xwb; lawv tab tom txheeb xyuas cov nqi muaj pes tsawg leeg, tswj cov yaj superheat, thiab tswj cov cua txias nkhaus. Rau ib feem txheem, tej zaum nws tsis muaj teeb meem. Rau txhua yam tseem ceeb, nws yog txhua yam.
Machining Handshake
Qhov no yog qhov uas qhov kev sib txuas feem ntau tshwm sim: lub casting yog zoo meej, tab sis nws yog unmachinable. Los yog theej, nws tuaj yeem ua machined, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis nrog lub neej zoo. Lub hardness variation ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv ib tug casting, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog rau tej yam cua txias, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov cuab yeej CNC. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws casting tuaj yeem nkaum qhov nyuaj los yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm microstructure uas ua rau muaj kev sib tham thiab ua kom puas qhov chaw tiav.
Cov khw sib xyaw ua ke muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm no. Yog tib lub koom haum ua qhov hlau casting kuj tuav cov CNC machining, lawv tuaj yeem tsim rau manufacturability txij thaum pib. Lawv paub yuav ua li cas rau taw qhia ib feem hauv pwm kom ntseeg tau tias lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb muaj qhov sib xws hardness rau machining. Lawv tuaj yeem ntxiv cov nyiaj tshuav tsawg tsawg hauv qhov chaw zoo vim tias lawv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua. Kuv tau nyob hauv cov khw uas pab pawg machining thiab foundry yog tsov rog, liam ib leeg rau cov khoom seem. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev uas kim heev.
Saib ntawm QSY txoj kev teeb tsa, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm casting thiab hauv tsev CNC machining yog qhov kev xav tau zoo. Nws kaw lub voj. Lawv tuaj yeem cam khwb cia hlau valve lub cev, piv txwv li, nrog ib qho flanges thiab cov chaw nres nkoj sib txuas, tom qab ntawd tshuab lub ntsej muag sealing thiab xov qhov hauv ib qho kev sib txuas. Cov lus tawm tswv yim tam sim no: yog tias lub cuab yeej hnav nrawm dhau ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb, lawv tuaj yeem taug qab nws rov qab mus rau lub cav yaj lossis lub sijhawm txias. Qhov kev tswj hwm no nyuaj rau rov ua dua thaum koj xa cov khoom ntxhib thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws mus rau lub khw muag khoom sib cais.
Thaum Tej Yam Tsis Zoo (Lawv Ua)
Kev soj ntsuam tsis ua tiav yog tus kws qhia zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum ntxov, kuv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev khiav ntawm lub cev me me hauv cov hlau grey. Lawv dhau tag nrho cov kev tshuaj xyuas thawj zaug tab sis pib tawg hauv thaj teb tom qab ob peb lub voj voog thermal. Tus neeg ua txhaum? Residual stresses los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. Peb tsis tau hais txog qhov kev ntxhov siab rau lub voj voog annealing tom qab casting, piv txwv li cov geometry yooj yim txaus. Nws yog ib zaj lus qhia kim heev. Tam sim no, rau txhua qhov chaw uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntu lossis kev pabcuam hauv thermal load, tom qab kev kho cua sov yog thawj qhov kuv xav txog.
Lwm classic yog porosity. Nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj qhov tsis xws luag; qee zaum nws yog ib qho tsim. Ib tus neeg siv khoom ib zaug xa peb tus qauv CAD nrog cov duab zoo nkauj, organic nrog ob peb ntu tuab sib xyaw rau hauv cov phab ntsa nyias. Nws yog ib tug ntxiab porosity. Peb yuav tsum tau sib tham txog kev hloov tsim qauv - ntxiv cov tav, coring tawm cov cheeb tsam tuab - kom nws castable. Qhov zoo tagnrho casting tsim feem ntau tsis yog qhov zoo tagnrho txhua yam tsim. Nws yog kev sib haum xeeb, coj los ntawm kev ntws thiab solidification ntawm hlau.
Cov khoom seem tshwm sim. Lub cim ntawm ib tug zoo foundry tsis yog xoom tsis xws luag; nws yog li cas lawv lis lawv, lawv taug qab qhov laj thawj li cas, thiab lawv kho cov txheej txheem li cas rau kev khiav haujlwm tom ntej. Kuv muaj nuj nqis rau tus neeg muag khoom uas xa rov qab daim ntawv tshaj tawm nrog cov duab ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, ib feem uas qhia txog qhov porosity, thiab qhov kev thov hloov mus rau qhov rooj lossis qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua li ib tus uas tsuas yog ntsiag to hloov qhov.
Tus nqi sib npaug
Thaum kawg, qhov loj tshaj misconception: uas hlau casting yog ib txwm xaiv tus nqi qis. Rau ib-offs lossis me me batch, nws txaus ntshai. Tus qauv nqi ib leeg tua nws. Tab sis thaum koj ntaus ntim - hais, ob peb puas daim ib xyoos thiab nce - kev lag luam tig. Chav tsev nqi poob qis. Qhov kev txuag tiag tiag, txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Casting cia koj integrate ntau fabricated pieces rau hauv ib tug, tshem tawm fasteners, sib dhos ua hauj lwm, thiab tej zaum yuav tsis ua hauj lwm cov ntsiab lus.
Peb redesigned ib tug structural thav duab uas yog ua los ntawm ntau tshaj kaum laser-txiav thiab welded steel daim hlau. Qhov tshiab ib-thooj hlau casting yog 15% sib dua, 40% stiffer, thiab txo lub sij hawm sib dhos los ntawm cov xuab moos mus rau feeb. Tus nqi cuab yeej tseem ceeb, tab sis amortized tshaj qhov ntim ntau lawm, qhov kev txuag ib feem yog ntau heev. Tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib dhos yooj yim, tsis yog cov khoom siv raw.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov kawg. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev xaiv hlau casting vim nws yog ib txwm siv los yog pheej yig. Nws yog hais txog kev xaiv nws vim nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua ib qho geometry nrog cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog precision molding thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem uas muab khoom plig sib sib zog nqus, tactile paub thiab rau txim rau shortcuts. Thaum nws ua tiav lawm, nrog rau tus khub zoo rau txoj haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim yog ib yam uas xav tias ruaj khov, ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus, thiab ncaj ncees, zoo li nws tau tsim los ua.
