Thaum cov neeg feem coob hnov 'hlau ncej', lawv pom ib qho yooj yim, cov pas nrig. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov ntawd yog qhov uas thawj qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees yog thawj zaug. Tsis yog ib tug pas nrig xwb. Nws yog cov kabmob load-bearing, torque-transmitting, feem ntau precision-balanced tivthaiv uas nws tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem nres tag nrho cov kab sib dhos. Kuv tau pom ntau txoj haujlwm kho nws ua cov khoom lag luam, ua rau raug nqi rov ua dua. Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag tsis yog ua rau nws; nws yog nyob rau hauv kev qhia nws kom raug los ntawm qhov pib-cov khoom siv, kam rau ua, ua tiav, thiab feem ntau-pom zoo ntawm qhov seem ntawm kev ntxhov siab los ntawm machining.
Kev xaiv cov khoom yog ntau tshaj ib qib
Xaiv 4140 steel lossis 304 stainless vim nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe yog qhov pib, tab sis nws yog ib qho tsis paub. Kev khiav hauj lwm ib puag ncig dictates txhua yam. Kuv nco qab txog qhov project rau lub twj tso kua mis marine qhov chaw pib spec hu rau tus qauv 316 stainless hlau ncej. Nws dhau qhov kev sim thawj zaug tab sis ua tsis tiav hauv daim teb hauv lub hlis. Qhov teeb meem? Tsis zoo corrosion, tab sis crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking ntawm lub keyway nyob rau hauv cyclic loading nyob rau hauv chlorinated dej. Peb yuav tsum hloov mus rau qib duplex stainless hlau nrog cov tshuaj chloride zoo dua thiab kho cov txheej txheem machining kom ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov takeaway? Tus lej alloy tsuas yog daim pib nkag.
Qhov no yog qhov uas cov neeg xa khoom mus sij hawm ntev nrog cov foundry thiab machining nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev qhia lawv tus nqi. Ib lub tuam txhab zoo li Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nrog lawv peb lub xyoo caum hauv casting thiab machining, nkag siab qhov kev sib tshuam no. Lawv tsis tsuas yog tshuab ib lub billet; lawv tuaj yeem pib los ntawm lub plhaub lossis cov peev txheej casting, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev sib txuas nrog cov flanges lossis txawv txawv profiles. Kev tswj cov khoom taug kev los ntawm cov hlau molten mus rau qhov ua tiav yuav txo qhov kev pheej hmoo zais.
Rau cov ntawv thov hnav siab, zoo li hauv cov agitators rau cov slurries abrasive, peb tau txav dhau los ntawm-hardening. Kev kho deg zoo li induction hardening ntawm cov tub ntxhais carbon steel lossis txawm tias siv Stellite (cobalt-raws li alloy) weld overlays ntawm qhov chaw hnav tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog. Nws yog kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi-kev pabcuam: tus nqi kim dua hlau ncej uas kav peb xyoos piv rau pheej yig dua ib xyoos ib zaug. Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev ua tswv tsis tshua nyiam qhov kev xaiv pheej yig.
Lub Machining Finish: Qhov twg Specs ntsib qhov tseeb
Ib daim duab yuav hu rau 0.8 Ra nto tiav. Ua tiav nws yog ib qho; ua tiav nws tsis tu ncua ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm 500 ncej yog lwm qhov. Dab ntxwg nyoog yog nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa, cov cuab yeej hnav, thiab kev tswj kom txias. Daim iav tiav yuav zoo li zoo nkauj, tab sis rau lub ncej khiav hauv cov kabmob tiaj, koj xav tau ib qho qauv ntoo khaub lig-hatch rau roj tuav. Ntxim qab heev, thiab koj yuav raug galling.
Kuv kawm qhov no txoj kev nyuaj ntawm lub tshuab ntim khoom ceev. Cov shafts tau zoo nkauj polished rau 0.4 Ra. Lawv overheated thiab ntes nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam. Qhov teeb meem tsis yog tus nqi tiav nws tus kheej, tab sis qhov tsis muaj lub lubrication grooves thiab qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev ntxhib los mos kev taw qhia. Peb yuav tsum tau rov tshuab tag nrho cov chav nyob, ntxiv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb toj siab honing. Tam sim no, kuv ib txwm hais tsis yog Ra, tab sis kuj yog Rz thiab cov qauv nteg (circumferential, axial, lossis cross-hatched) ntawm daim duab. Feem ntau cov khw muag khoom siv tshuab yuav tsis quav ntsej qhov no tshwj tsis yog koj tho nws rau hauv lawv.
CNC machining chaw, zoo li cov uas koj yuav pom ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb processor lub chaw (lawv qhov chaw ntawm tsi.com paub meej lawv lub peev xwm), yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rov ua dua. Tab sis tus programmer kev paub yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yuav ua li cas lawv ua raws li kev khiav hauj lwm - roughing, semi-finishing, finishing - cuam tshuam rau cov cua sov input thiab dimension stability. Ib qho kev txiav hnyav sab laug rau qhov kawg dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov chaw tom qab nws tsis muaj kev sib tsoo. Nws yog ib qho kev kos duab me me npog ntsej muag raws li kev tshawb fawb.
Tsab Cai Ntsuas: Tsis yog rau Turbines xwb
Txhua tus paub tias turbine shafts xav tau dynamic ntsuas. Tab sis dab tsi txog tus kiv cua ncej khiav ntawm 3000 RPM? Los yog lub conveyor tsav ncej uas yog 3 meters ntev? Qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib npaug yog grossly underestimated. Ib qho tsis sib npaug hlau ncej tsim kev vibration, ua rau ntxov ntxov bearing tsis ua hauj lwm, foob hnav, thiab suab nrov. Rau txhua yam rotating saum toj no txog 1000 RPM, tam sim no kuv yuam kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntsuas, txawm tias nws tsuas yog qhov sib npaug zoo li qub rau qeeb qeeb, nruj rotors.
Txoj kev tseem ceeb. Peb feem ntau qhia G2.5 qhov sib npaug qib zoo rau feem ntau cov tshuab ua haujlwm. Tab sis ua kom tiav nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj. Koj xav tau cov khoom sib xws (li no qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo casting lossis forged dawb paug), symmetrical machining, thiab xaiv qhov chaw rau ntxiv lossis tshem tawm qhov hnyav. Kuv tau pom cov khw xyaum qhov random qhov sib npaug ntawm tus ncej, ua rau nws qaug zog heev. Txoj kev raug yog kom muaj machined pads lossis flanges tsim los ntawm qhov pib rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav.
Rau ib tug ntev, slender ncej, zaj dab neeg tau complex. Nws yuav ncaj thiab sib npaug thaum txias thiab zoo li qub, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws qhov hnyav thiab thermal expansion ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ceev, nws muaj peev xwm sag thiab induce imbalance. Qee zaum, koj tsis ntsuas tus ncej ib leeg, tab sis tag nrho cov rotor sib dhos. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev koom tes nrog tus kws kho tshuab los muab cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug thiab nkag siab txog kev sib dhos ua ke.
Tolerances thiab Fits: Cov Lus Sib Tham
Ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 50 mm. Qhov ntawd txhais li cas? Tsis muaj dab tsi tsis muaj kev zam txim. H7 haum rau lub rooj zaum bearing, k6 rau lub iav xovxwm haum, f7 rau lub foob khiav nto. Tau txais qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm yog txoj hauv kev nrawm tshaj plaws rau kev ua tsis tiav. Kuv ib zaug tau txais ib pawg ntawm cov ncej uas cov phau ntawv xov xwm bearing tau machined rau g6 kam rau ua es tsis txhob h7. Nws yog qhov zoo dua (nruj dua) kam rau ua, tab sis nws txhais tau hais tias cov bearings, uas twb muaj cov xovxwm nruj, tau dhau los ua qhov yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho yam tsis muaj hydraulic xovxwm, pheej hmoo rau kev puas tsuaj.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog geometric kam rau ua: ncaj, cylindricity, thiab concentricity. Lub taub hau tuaj yeem muaj txhua txoj kab uas hla hauv spec tab sis muaj 0.1mm khoov ntawm nws qhov ntev. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub cev qhuav dej, kev co, thiab hnav tsis sib xws. Rau cov shafts tseem ceeb, tam sim no peb ib txwm hais qhia ncaj qha, feem ntau tshaj 500mm ncua. Kev kuaj xyuas qhov no yuav tsum tau tsim cov V-blocks thiab lub ntsuas dial, tsis yog ib khub ntawm calipers xwb.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog qhov kev pabcuam kev sib koom ua ke. Ib lub tuam txhab uas ua haujlwm rau ob qho tib si casting rau ze-net-zoo thiab qhov kawg CNC machining, zoo li QSY, muaj kev tswj zoo dua qhov no. Lawv tuaj yeem tshuab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov casting ua ntej, tom qab ntawd siv cov khoom los tuav cov haujlwm tom ntej, kom ntseeg tau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov pib. Sim clamp rau ntawm qhov ntxhib-cam khwb cia rau qhov kawg machining yog ib daim ntawv qhia rau qhov tsis sib xws.
Thaum lub Ncej Tsis Muaj Zog: Hollow Shafts thiab Internal nta
Tsis yog tag nrho cov shafts yog cov khoom khov. Hollow shafts yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo qhov hnyav (hauv kev siv aerospace lossis kev siv tsheb) lossis siv los ua cov kav dej rau cov dej txias, cov kua dej hydraulic, lossis cov xaim. Qhov no qhia txog kev sib tw tshiab. Machining qhov sib sib zog nqus, me me-inch bore nrog nruj nruj thiab qhov chaw ua kom tiav yog ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej deflection, nti khiav tawm, thiab kev xa khoom txias ua rau mob taub hau loj.
Peb tsim lub hollow hlau ncej rau daim ntawv thov rotary union. Lub bore sab hauv xav tau ib tug 1.6 Ra tiav thiab meej concentricity nrog cov txheej txheem bearing. Peb cov neeg muag khoom thawj zaug tau tawm tsam nrog kev sib tham ntawm qhov bar, tawm hauv qhov kawg txaus ntshai. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog los ntawm tus kws kho tshuab uas tau hais kom siv ib qho kev tho txawv bar nrog ib qho geometry tshwj xeeb thiab lub zog siab los ntawm cov cuab yeej ua kom txias kom tawg cov chips thiab dampen vibration. Nws ua haujlwm, tab sis nws yog txheej txheem tsim los ntawm kev sim thiab ua yuam kev, tsis yog kev ua haujlwm txheem.
Rau xws li complex internal machining, cov txheej txheem zoo li rab phom drilling feem ntau siv. Nws yog kev ua haujlwm qeeb, meej. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov chaw koj xav tau lub khw nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua siab ntev rau kev hu xov tooj hauv cov txheej txheem. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm siab, kev hloov pauv sai. Koj them nyiaj rau kev txawj ntse thiab muaj peev xwm, tsis yog lub sijhawm tshuab xwb.
Qhov tsis nco qab qhov tseem ceeb: Cov kev ntxhov siab seem thiab kev ruaj ntseg mus ntev
Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog qhov tsis pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv tus qauv hlau ncej kev tsim khoom. Machining, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhoj puab heev tig los yog sib tsoo, qhia residual stresses rau hauv txheej txheej. Cov kev ntxhov siab no tuaj yeem so thaum lub sijhawm, ua rau lub taub hau tig me ntsis. Rau tus qauv conveyor ncej, nws yuav tsis muaj teeb meem. Rau qhov precision spindle hauv lub tshuab cuab yeej, nws yog kev puas tsuaj.
Peb muaj ib pawg ntawm kev sib tsoo tshuab spindles uas dhau tag nrho cov kev kuaj thawj zaug QC. Tom qab zaum hauv qhov chaw cia rau rau lub hlis, kwv yees li 30% ntawm lawv tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ntsuas tau. Tus neeg ua txhaum? Kev ntxhov siab seem ntawm kev sib tsoo, ua ke nrog cov khoom siv (ib lub cuab yeej steel) uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab txaus ua ntej ua haujlwm kawg. Txoj kev kho yog los siv cov txheej txheem thermal aging (qee zaus hu ua kev laus laus) tom qab sib tsoo kom nrawm nrawm ua ntej kev soj ntsuam zaum kawg.
Kev tswj qhov no yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev tsim khoom holistic. Pib nrog lub tshav kub kho kom zoo (annealed, normalized, los yog quenched thiab tempered) yog kauj ruam ib. Tom qab ntawd, machining yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv theem nrog kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Ib tus neeg muab kev pabcuam puv ntoob uas tswj hwm tag nrho cov saw hlau - los ntawm kev muab cov hlau zoo, mus rau casting / forging, kev kho cua sov, thiab kev ua haujlwm kawg - yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tswj cov kev hloov pauv no. Nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua ib feem uas ua haujlwm rau hnub nws tau tsim thiab ib qho uas ua haujlwm tau ntseeg tau ntau xyoo.
