Thaum koj hnov 'tshwj xeeb alloy insert', cov duab tam sim ntawd feem ntau yog ci, indestructible txiav ntug rau cov ntaub ntawv tawv. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov yuam kev, tab sis nws yog lub ntsiab lus pib uas glosses tshaj qhov kev txiav txim siab tiag tiag. Qhov tseeb yog, xaiv thiab siv cov ntawv ntxig no tsawg dua txog kev xaiv 'nyuaj tshaj' kev xaiv thiab ntau ntxiv txog kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tawm ntawm kev hnav tsis kam, toughness, thermal stability, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb, feem ntau tsis paub meej, tus cwj pwm ntawm lub workpiece. Kuv tau pom ntau qhov chaw nres tsheb vim tias ib tus neeg tsuas yog xaj cov khoom siv cobalt uas kim tshaj plaws, piv txwv tias nws yog cov mos txwv khawv koob, tsuas yog ntsib kev puas tsuaj loj rau thawj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov nickel-based alloy casting. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kev siv tswv yim yog qhov kev paub tiag tiag nyob.
Dhau ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia: Cov Khoom Sib Tw yog Txhua Yam
Cia peb tham txog cov alloys lawv tus kheej. Ua haujlwm nrog lub chaw tsim khoom thiab lub khw muag khoom xws li QSY, koj tau txais lub rooj zaum pem hauv ntej rau tag nrho lub neej. Peb tsis tsuas yog tshuab cov alloys tshwj xeeb; peb pov lawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawd - txawm tias nws yog plhaub pwm lossis peev casting - muab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau hauv cov khoom. Ib qho nickel-based alloy zoo li Inconel 718 ncaj qha los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev nqis peev casting tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov seem kev ntxhov siab piv rau cov khoom lag luam wrought. Qhov sib txawv ntawd tseem ceeb heev rau kev xaiv ntxig.
Ib qho pitfall yog kho tag nrho cov nickel-raws li alloys raws li ib tug monolithic thaiv. Ib qib ntxig nrog cov npoo ntse thiab nyias PVD txheej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm qhov sib xws, nplua-grained casting rau lub valve tivthaiv. Sim tib qhov ntxig rau ntawm qhov loj, nyuaj turbine hniav casting nrog txawv phab ntsa thicknesses thiab muaj peev xwm rau qhov nyuaj me ntsis los yog inclusions, thiab koj yuav tau hloov cov npoo txhua kaum feeb. Lub ntxig yuav tsum nqus qhov poob siab, tsis yog tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Qee lub sij hawm, me ntsis 'softer' tab sis tougher qib carbide nrog lub zog chipbreaker geometry outperforms super-nyuaj, nkig xaiv cov phau ntawv yuav qhia.
Qhov no yog qhov uas 30 xyoo keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw zoo li QSY dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev muaj cov tshuab CNC; nws yog qhov kev paub txog ntawm lawv cov castings coj li cas hauv qab lub cuab yeej. Lawv tau pom cov khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej cobalt-raws li alloy castings zoo li khiav kub dua, los yog cov qib stainless hlau los ntawm lawv cov foundry muaj ib qho kev sib raug zoo rau kev txhim kho ntug. Qhov kev tawm tswv yim sab hauv lub voj voog ntawm casting thiab machining qhia kev xaiv hauv txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam catalog tuaj yeem ua tau.
Geometry thiab Txheej Dance
Okay, yog li koj tau sib piv cov qib ntxig substrate rau lub workpiece tus cwj pwm. Tom ntej no los txog geometry. Kuv nco qab txog ib txoj hauj lwm machining ib tug series ntawm tob, nqaim raws nyob rau hauv ib tug duplex stainless hlau twj tso kua mis vaj tse. Peb muaj cov khoom siv qib zoo-ib qho nyuaj carbide haum rau stainless. Tab sis tus qauv 80-degree pob zeb diamond zoo tau ua rau muaj kev vibration txaus ntshai thiab tsis zoo nti khiav tawm. Ib feem yog chattering nws tus kheej kom tuag.
Peb hloov mus rau ib puag ncig insert. Lub txiav quab yuam faib hloov tag nrho. Tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw thauj khoom ib zaug, ntau smoother txiav txiav. Kev lag luam tawm? Ib puag ncig ntxig tsis tuaj yeem ua cov kaum ntse ntse. Peb yuav tsum rov tsim kho cov cuab yeej txoj hauv kev rau lub channel radii, ntxiv ib qho ntxiv milling kauj ruam rau cov ces kaum. Nws yog kev sib haum xeeb, tab sis nws ua haujlwm. Lub takeaway: qhov zoo li tus tshwj xeeb alloy insert dictates tsis yog tsuas yog txiav, tab sis muaj peev xwm tag nrho cov tswv yim machining thiab txawm tias qhov kev tsim qauv kam rau ua.
Ces muaj txheej. TiAlN, AlTiN, pob zeb diamond zoo li cov pa roj carbon ... nws yog cov tsiaj ntawv kua zaub. Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog tias txheej txheej zoo li AlTiN muab qhov kub zoo, uas yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau qhov kub thiab txias tsim thaum tig los yog milling npib tsib xee alloys. Tab sis yog tias koj cov txheej txheem tsis ruaj khov, yog tias koj muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej txias los yog cov khoom noj tsis sib xws, cov txheej txheem tib yam tuaj yeem micro-crack nyob rau hauv thermal cycling. Rau qee qhov kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nqis peev cam khwb cia nrog cov rooj vag lossis riser pads, ib qho tsis muaj coated tab sis super-tawv micro-grain carbide tej zaum yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, kev twv txiaj ntau dua, txawm tias nws txoj kev hnav lub neej qis dua. Koj tab tom ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ntseeg siab tshaj lub neej ntshiab.
Tiag tiag-lub ntiaj teb tsis ua hauj lwm thiab kev kho
Kuv mam li qhia qhov ua tsis tiav uas tau qhia kuv ntau tshaj li kaum ob txoj kev vam meej. Peb tau roughing ib tug loj thaiv ntawm Monel (ib tug nickel-tooj liab alloy) rau ib tug marine tivthaiv. Lub casting los ntawm peb tus kheej foundry yog suab, tab sis loj heev. Peb siv lub siab zoo rake, polished-flute milling cutter nrog rau siab tshwj xeeb alloy inserts tsim rau high-temperature alloys. Txoj kev xav tau zoo tag nrho: txo qhov txiav quab yuam, txo qis hluav taws xob hauv ib feem.
Nws ua tsis tiav. Tsis yog dramatically, tab sis insidiously. Cov inserts tsis nti los yog tawg. Lawv tsuas hnav tawm, uniformly thiab sai, ntawm lub ntsej muag flank. Qhov teeb meem? Lub siab-zoo geometry, thaum txo kev quab yuam, kuj tsim ib tug thinner, weaker txiav wedge. Lub Monel, nrog rau nws txoj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo-tawv tawv thiab stringy chips, tau abrading lub flank ntawm qhov txaus ntshai. Peb tau tsim cov chips zoo nkauj, ci ci tab sis tua cov cuab yeej.
Qhov kho yog counter-intuitive. Peb mus rau qhov nruab nrab ntau dua, muaj zog ntxig geometry nrog kev npaj hnyav dua (ib ntug honed, tsis ntse). Qhov no nce txiav quab yuam me ntsis, tab sis nws txhawb kev txiav ntug zoo dua tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Lub nti yog thicker, tsawg stringy, thiab nqa tawm cua sov zoo dua. Tool lub neej tripled. Zaj lus qhia: nyob rau hauv high-nickel alloys, tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau lean nyob rau hauv lub txiav nrog ib tug muaj zog ntug, tsis txhob sim skate tshaj nws nrog ib tug mos mos.
Coolant: Tus phooj ywg lossis Foe nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb Alloy Machining?
Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib cav. Cov lus qhia classic rau machining titanium thiab nickel alloys yog dej nyab, ib txwm. Thiab rau feem ntau cov haujlwm, qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb - nws tswj qhov kub thiab txias thiab pab nrog nti khiav tawm. Tab sis nrog cov no tshwj xeeb alloy inserts, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj tej yam ceramic los yog CBN (cubic boron nitride) qib, thermal shock yog ib tug tiag tiag killer.
Xav txog tias koj tab tom khiav ib qho ceramic ntxig rau ntawm cov hlau tawv tawv. Lub insert ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm huab cua kub ntawm qhov txiav ntug; yog li nws tuav nws hardness. Yog hais tias lub dav hlau ntawm chav tsev txias txias hits qhov liab-kub ntug intermittently, koj tab tom thov rau micro-cracks. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov cua tshuab cua tshuab, lossis zoo dua, lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab siab uas muab qee qhov cua txias thiab nti tshem tawm yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm dej nyab.
Rau ntau cov carbide inserts nrog PVD txheej ntawm cobalt los yog npib tsib xee-raws li alloys, high-pressure los ntawm cov cuab yeej coolant feem ntau yog huab tais. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev ua kom txias xwb; nws yog hais txog kom tau cov tawv tawv, abrasive chips tawm ntawm qhov chaw txiav tam sim ntawd. Ib tug chip recut yog guaranteed tsis ua hauj lwm. Ntawm lawv cov chaw CNC machining chaw, ua tiav kev txhim khu kev qha high-pressure coolant xa mus rau qhov tseeb txiav taw tes yog ib qho kev teeb tsa uas tsis sib tham rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb alloy.
Cov Kev Pabcuam Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Nov yog qee yam uas koj yuav tsis pom hauv daim ntawv qhia: qhov kev muaj tiag logistical. Cov inserts no kim heev. Tuav cov khoom muag rau txhua yam khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm yog lub peev nyiaj rau lub khw muag khoom. Kev sib raug zoo nrog tus neeg muag khoom uas nkag siab txog koj qhov kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm-xws li cov hlau cam khwb cia, stainless, thiab cov alloys tshwj xeeb uas QSY tuav-yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Nws tsis yog hais txog kev muaj cov npe nrov tshaj plaws, tab sis hais txog kev muaj ob peb txoj kab uas ntseeg siab uas koj nkag siab tob txog lub hnab ntawv ua haujlwm. Koj kawm tau tias Qib XXX los ntawm koj tus neeg muag khoom yog koj mus-rau 90% ntawm koj 17-4PH stainless ua haujlwm los ntawm kev nqis peev casting kab, thiab Qib YYY yog tshwj tseg rau qhov kev cuam tshuam tiag tiag ntawm qhov loj ntawm Inconel 625 valve lub cev. Koj tsim lub hlwb-thiab tom qab ntawd lub cev-cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm qhov ua haujlwm rau koj lub khw qhov kev sib tw rov tshwm sim.
Qhov no kuj yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm vertically integrated qhia nws lub zog. Vim tias lawv tswj cov txheej txheem casting, qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem kho cov kev kho cua sov lossis txawm tias tus qauv tsim (ntxiv lub vojvoog me ntsis, hloov cov phab ntsa tuab) kom ua rau feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog tus qauv, txhim khu kev qha uas lawv twb tau npaj lawm. Qhov kev sib koom tes sab hauv ntawm lub tsev tsim khoom thiab lub khw muag khoom kom ua kom zoo rau kev tsim khoom yog qhov loj, feem ntau zais, kom zoo dua uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev siv cov cuab yeej txiav no.
Yog li, lub sij hawm tom ntej koj qhia a tshwj xeeb alloy insert, saib yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv. Xav txog qhov keeb kwm yav dhau los (cam khwb cia lossis wrought?), nws geometry (kev cuam tshuam los yog txuas ntxiv?), koj lub tshuab rigidity, thiab koj lub tswv yim coolant. Nws yog ib qho system, thiab qhov ntxig tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Tau txais nws txoj kev xav tsis tshua zoo li kev tshawb fawb thiab ntau dua li cov khoom siv tes ua - cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav, kev hloov maj mam, thiab kev hwm sib sib zog nqus rau cov khoom koj tab tom sim ua kom zoo.
