Mukamva 'Alloy 21', kuyanjana kwapafupi kwa ambiri m'gawo lathu ndi 'nickel alloy', nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zokonda za Hastelloy C-276 kapena Inconel 625. Ndilo vuto loyamba lodziwika - pongoganiza kuti ndi kavalo wina wosachita dzimbiri. M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe ake enieni, kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala, chromium, molybdenum, ndi chitsulo choyendetsedwa bwino, kumapangitsa kuti izi zitheke. Sikuti nthawi zonse ndizosankha zochepetsera kwambiri zidulo, koma m'malo osakanikirana a asidi, makamaka kumene ma kloridi ndi mchere wa oxidizing amalowa, kukhazikika kwake ndi kumene ndaziwonapo. Ndikukumbukira zaka za polojekiti yomwe kasitomala adaumirira pa C-276 kuti ikhale ndi ma valve ovuta, koma titawonanso momwe ntchito yeniyeniyo ikugwiritsidwira ntchito - kuphatikizapo kusakaniza kwa nitric ndi hydrofluoric acid - tinakankhira kusintha. Aloyi 21. Zomwe zachitika komanso moyo wautumiki womaliza zidatsimikizira kuyimba kumeneko. Ndi chidziwitso chamtunduwu chomwe chimalekanitsa ntchito yokhazikika ndi njira yodalirika yaukadaulo.
Makhalidwe a Material ndi Machining Nuances
Kugwira ntchito ndi Aloyi 21 mu shopu ndi chilombo chosiyana ndi kuwerenga pepala lake. Kuthekera kwake ndi ... tinene, kufuna. Si zitsulo zolimba kwambiri kunja uko, koma zimagwira ntchito molimba mtima. Ngati chida chanu sichili chakuthwa, simukudula; mukungotentha pamwamba ndikuwonjezera kutentha. Tinaphunzira izi movutikira kwambiri pagulu loyambirira la ma impellers. Pogwiritsa ntchito chophatikizira chong'ambika pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kunali kocheperako - kumamaliza ndi khungu lokongola, lolimba lomwe limapangitsa kuti kumalizidwa kotsatira kukhale koopsa komanso kuwononga kukhulupirika kwa gawolo.
Kiyi, kwa ife, idakhala kukhazikika kokhazikika komanso mwamakani, kudula kwabwino. Muyenera kulowa pansi pa wosanjikiza woumitsa ntchito. Kuziziritsa sikungoziziritsa; ndizopaka mafuta kuti musamangidwe m'mphepete. Tinayimilira pazitsulo zoziziritsa kukhosi kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chida cha CNC pazida izi. Zinapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pa moyo wa zida komanso kusasinthika kwapamwamba. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe makina opanga makina omwe mungagwiritse ntchito 316 zosapanga dzimbiri angakutsogolereni kulephera kokwera mtengo.
Chinthu chinanso chodziwikiratu ndi machitidwe ake panthawi ya nkhungu za zipolopolo kapena kupanga ndalama. Fluidity yake ndi yabwino, koma imakhudzidwa ndi kutsanulira kutentha ndi nkhungu preheat. Kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo mumakhala pachiwopsezo cha nkhungu kapena kutsekeka kozizira m'zigawo zopyapyala; kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mutha kukulitsa kukula kwambewu kapena kuchitapo kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zina. Takhazikika pawindo lopapatiza kwambiri la kutentha, mothandizidwa ndi macheke a pyrometer, osati zongowona. Pambuyo poponya, chithandizo cha kutentha ndi chofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kupsinjika ndikukulitsa zida za dzimbiri - sichosankha.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Padziko Lonse ndi Nkhani Yachindunji
Zambiri za ntchito yathu ndi Aloyi 21 zimathera pokonza mankhwala, koma osati nthawi zonse m'zombo zazikulu. Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri zili m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zovuta momwe kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zake ndizofunikira. Ganizirani zamkati mwa ma valve, ma casings a pampu, ma agitator shafts, makamaka zopangira makina ogwiritsira ntchito ma asidi osakanikirana.
Ndikukumbukira polojekiti yomwe idapangidwa Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY). Ankafunika midadada yochuluka yopangira makina oyesa kuyesa njira yatsopano yopangira mankhwala. Chilengedwecho chinali malo okhala ndi ma organic acid, ma chloride, ndi ma bromides pamalo otentha kwambiri. Mapangidwe oyambirirawo adatchula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex. Komabe, kutengera kuwonongeka kwa chemistry komwe kunaperekedwa, panali chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutsekeka ndi kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri. Tinapereka lingaliro Aloyi 21 ngati munthu woyenera kwambiri.
Vutoli linali njira zamkati za mkati mwa njira zambirimbiri. Zinafunika kuphatikiza ndalama zopangira ndalama kuti apange njira zoyambira ndi makina olondola kwambiri a 5-axis CNC kuti amalize nkhope zadoko ndi malo okwera kuti azitha kupirira. Zomwe QSY zidapanga popanga nkhungu ndi makina a CNC pama aloyi apadera zinali zofunika pano. Kuponyera kumayenera kukhala komveka bwino, kopanda kuchepa kwa porosity komwe kumatha kukhala malo oyambira dzimbiri, ndipo makina otsatirawa amayenera kukhala opanda cholakwika kuti chisindikizo chikhale cholimba. Zigawozo zinachita popanda vuto pazaka ziwiri zoyendetsa ndege, zomwe zinali zoyeserera kwambiri. Kugwirizana kumeneku pakati pa kusankha kwazinthu, kukhulupirika kwa kuponyera, ndi makina olondola ndi komwe mtengo weniweni umaperekedwa.
Kugwirizana ndi Specialized Foundry ndi Machinist
Izi zimandibweretsa ku chilengedwe chopangira zida zoterezi. Simungangopereka chojambula kuti mutenge Aloyi 21 chigawo chilichonse chogulitsira makina. Unyolo wonse, kuyambira pakufufuza zida zotsimikizika za alloy mpaka kuwunika komaliza, umafunika ukadaulo. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka zawo zomwe zanenedwa popanga ndi kupanga, makamaka kuwunikira ma aloyi apadera, zimayimira mtundu wa mnzake wofunikira. Kugwira ntchito kwawo kwanthawi yayitali kukuwonetsa kuti atha kutsata njira zophunzirira zazinthu ngati izi.
Ndikawunika mnzanga, ndimayang'ana umboni wowongolera njira. Za Aloyi 21, ndizokhudza machitidwe awo osungunuka (VIM kapena AOD?), momwe amagwirira ntchito popanga nkhungu kuti awononge ndalama kuti apewe kuipitsidwa, ndi ma protocol awo a CNC azinthu zovuta kudula. Kodi ali ndi mbiri yotulutsa zida zokhala ndi kupanikizika kapena zisindikizo zovuta? Mfundo yakuti QSY imatchula momveka bwino ma alloys opangidwa ndi nickel ngati apadera ndi mfundo yofunikira. Zikutanthauza kuti adayika ndalama pazida, zoyikapo, ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo chofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito zinthuzi mopindulitsa komanso modalirika.
Mu mgwirizano umodzi, mtengo-wowonjezera unachokera ku ndemanga za gulu la makina awo pa nthawi ya DFM (Design for Manufacturability). Iwo adawonetsa ma radiyo ochepa amkati pamakona oponyera omwe anali olimba kwambiri kuti azitha kupanga bwino ndi kumaliza kofunikira. Aloyi 21. Tidafewetsa kulolerana pang'ono, zomwe zidalepheretsa kutsekereza komwe kungachitike komanso kuchulukirachulukira kopanda kusokoneza ntchito ya gawolo. Ndilo chidziwitso chogwira ntchito chomwe mukufuna.
Misampha Yodziwika ndi Zolakwika Zakuthupi
Lingaliro lolakwika lopitilira ndikuchiritsa Aloyi 21 monga cholozera chachindunji, cholowetsa m'malo mwa ma aloyi ena a nickel-chromium-molybdenum. Sichoncho. Kapangidwe kake kokometsedwa kumapangitsa kukana kwa sulfuric acid, koma mwina sikungafanane, tinene, C-276 pakuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito ya hydrochloric acid. Kusankha kwazinthu nthawi zonse kumabwera pakukhazikika kwa ma ion, kutentha, ndi kupezeka kwa oxidizer. Ndawonapo zomwe zimangonena kuti ntchito zowononga - ndizopanda ntchito. Nthawi zonse timafuna kusanthula kwathunthu kwamadzimadzi.
Vuto lina ndikunyalanyaza chithandizo cha kutentha kwa post-weld (PWHT) ngati chigawocho chapangidwa. Pamene Aloyi 21 ali ndi weldability wabwino, malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) amatha kuvutika ndi mpweya wa carbide, kuwononga kukana kwa dzimbiri komweko m'malo ovuta. Pautumiki wovuta, PWHT sikungakambirane kuti mubwezeretse mawonekedwe a microstructure. Tinaphunzira izi pambuyo kulephera kumunda kwa welded flange kugwirizana; kuwotcherera komweko kunali komveka, koma kubowola kunayambika mu HAZ.
Pomaliza, pali kusanthula mtengo wa phindu. Aloyi 21 ndi okwera mtengo. Simuigwiritsa ntchito pomwe 904L yopanda banga ingakhale yokwanira. Kulungamitsidwa kwake kumachokera ku moyo wotalikirapo wautumiki, kuchepetsedwa kwa nthawi yopumira, komanso chitetezo pakuwongolera zowulutsa zowopsa. Kuwerengera kuyenera kuyang'ana mtengo wathunthu wa umwini, osati mtengo woyambira. Nthawi zina, kutsimikizira kasitomala za izi kumafuna kuwawonetsa mbiri yakale ya kulephera ndi zida zotsika mtengo - mkangano wokopa, ngati wochititsa chidwi.
Malingaliro Omaliza pa Kutumiza Mwachangu
Ndiye izi zikutisiya kuti Aloyi 21? Ndi chuma cha akatswiri. Phindu lake limatsegulidwa kudzera mukugwiritsa ntchito molondola, kupanga mwaluso, komanso kumvetsetsa mozama za zovuta zake. Sichikhazikitso ndi kuiwala izo aloyi. Kupambana kumadalira luso lonse la chain chain - kuchokera kwa metallurgist yemwe amavomereza melt cert kupita kwa katswiri wamakina yemwe amasankha magawo omaliza omaliza.
Kwa mainjiniya ndi ogula, phunziro ndikungoyang'ana kupyola mulingo wazinthu zonse. Gwirizanani ndi opanga zinthu omwe amawonetsa zochitika zenizeni, monga omwe bizinesi yawo yayikulu imakhudza kasamalidwe ka nthawi yayitali wamapulojekiti apadera a alloy. Funsani magawo awo a makina, mapepala awo a QC kuti apangidwe mofanana, njira yawo yoyesera zosawononga. Mayankho ake adzakuuzani zambiri kuposa kabuku kalikonse konyezimira.
Pomaliza, zipangizo monga Aloyi 21 ndi zida mu bokosi la zida za engineering. Kuchita kwawo kumadalira kwambiri luso la mmisiri wowagwiritsa ntchito. Kaya ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala kapena gawo lapadera la kafukufuku wotsogola, mfundozo zimakhalabe: kulemekeza mawonekedwe azinthu, kuwongolera njira, ndikutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito. Umu ndi momwe mumasunthira kuchoka ku zongopeka kupita ku gawo lodalirika, logwira ntchito m'munda.
