Anthu ambiri akamva za 'ndalama zoponyera ndalama' amajambula zitsulo zopanda chilema, zooneka ngati ukonde, mwina zamumlengalenga kapena zachipatala. Ndiwo gloss yotsatsa. Zoonadi, zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, ndizosokoneza kwambiri. Sizokhudza kukwaniritsa ma geometries ovuta; ndi kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa cholinga cha mapangidwe, khalidwe lakuthupi, ndi maonekedwe a ndondomekoyi. Maganizo olakwika kwambiri? Kuti ndi yankho la 'matsenga' pa gawo lililonse lovuta. Si. Ndi chida chapadera kwambiri, ndipo kuchigwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndi njira yofulumira yowonongera ndalama zambiri komanso kupwetekedwa mtima.
Chiyambi cha Njirayi: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Sera ndi Ceramic
Zonse zimayamba ndi ndondomeko, ndipo apa ndi pamene mumapanga kapena kuswa ntchitoyo. Sitikunena za chithunzi cha sera. Kupanga sera payokha ndikofunikira kwambiri - kutsika kwake, phulusa lake pambuyo pakutopa. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akusokonekera chifukwa wina adasinthira ku kalasi ya sera 'yofanana' kuti apulumutse masenti ochepa pa kilogalamu iliyonse. Chotsatira? Dimensional kugwedezeka ndi kusweka kwa zipolopolo panthawi ya dewaxing. Simukungogula sera; mukugula khalidwe lodziwikiratu.
Kenako pamabwera nyumba ya zipolopolo. Uku sikujambula khoma; ndi mwambo. Chovala choyambirira cha slurry, ntchito ya stucco, malo owumitsa - chinyezi ndi kutentha kwapadziko lapansi pano sizokambirana. Kuthamanga pa nthawi yowuma kumabweretsa chinyezi chosungidwa, chomwe chimasanduka nthunzi panthawi yothira, kuchititsa ... zosasangalatsa. Mliri, nkhanambo, mumazitchula. Ndi pang'onopang'ono, wosanjikiza ndondomeko kumanga mphamvu. Kuzungulira kulikonse kumawonjezera nthawi ndi mtengo, ndichifukwa chake makulidwe a khoma pagawo la mapangidwe ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chigawo chokhuthala chadzidzidzi chimatanthawuza kuviika kochulukirapo kuti apange makulidwe okwanira a chipolopolo pamenepo, kutaya kuzungulira.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira chopopera, chapamwamba ndalama kuponyera gawo. Mapangidwe a kasitomala anali ndi zovala zokongola, zoonda koma zokhuthala kwambiri. Woyambitsa mainjiniya ku shopu yothandizana nawo - ndikuganiza za gulu Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) apa - adalengeza nthawi yomweyo. Iwo akhala akuchita izi kwa zaka makumi atatu, kotero awona zonse. Lingaliro lawo linali kutsekereza kanyumbako, ndikupanga khoma lofanana. Zinawonjezera pang'ono pamtengo wapatani koma zidapulumutsa ndalama zambiri panthawi yomanga zipolopolo ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha shrinkage porosity mu gawo lolemeralo. Ndiwo mtundu waukadaulo wothandiza womwe umatanthawuza kupambana.
Zosankha Zazida: Sizokhudza Mapepala Okha
Aliyense amayang'ana kwambiri zazinthu zomaliza - kulimba kwamphamvu, kukana dzimbiri. Koma khalidwe loponyera la alloy ndilomwe limakupangitsani inu kugona usiku. Tengani 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi kavalo wantchito. Koma mawonekedwe ake amadzimadzi komanso kuchepa kwake ndi kosiyana, tinene, 17-4 PH. Kuthira kutentha, mapangidwe a gating, kuyika kwa feeder - zonsezi ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zikhale ndi aloyi yeniyeni. Dongosolo la mageti lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pazitsulo za kaboni likhoza kufa ndi njala gawo lapamwamba la faifi tambala lomwe limalimba mosiyanasiyana.
Apa ndipamene mbiri yakale ya foundry imakhala yofunikira. Sitolo ngati QSY, yomwe imalemba ma aloyi a cobalt ndi faifi tambala m'magudumu awo, ikhala ipanga njira zoyendetsera zinthu zachinyengozi. Adzadziwa kutentha kwa preheat kwa zipolopolo zawo za alloy inayake kuti ateteze kugwedezeka kwamafuta ndikuwonetsetsa kudzazidwa koyera. Ichi si chidziwitso cha mabuku; ndizovuta-zopambana, mbali ya ng'anjo. Inu simungakhoze kunamiza izo.
Ndinalakwitsa koyambirira, kutchula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chochita bwino kwambiri pagawo la m'madzi. Zolembazo zinali zangwiro pamapepala. Koma sitinanene mokwanira za malo ake osungunuka komanso mawonekedwe ake olimba. Zotsatira zake zinali kung'ambika kosalekeza pafupi ndi mphambano za zipata. The foundry (osati QSY, izi zinali kale mu ntchito yanga) anavutika nazo. Pambuyo pake tidayenera kubwerera, kukapumula kulolerana kosafunikira, ndikusintha mayendedwe, zomwe zidawonjezera masabata. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri ndizopanda ntchito ngati simungathe kuziponya momveka bwino. Nthawi zina, kumanja ndalama kuponyera gawo zinthu ndi zomwe zimalinganiza magwiridwe antchito ndi castability.
The Machining Handshake: As-Cast Siyo Finish Line
Iyi ndi mphambano yofunika kwambiri yomwe imadutsa. Ayi ndalama kuponyera gawo ilidi 'yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito' kuchokera pa shakeout. Muli ndi zipata zoti muchotse, malo oti mumalize, ndipo nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe olondola pamakina. Mgwirizano wapakati pa njira yoponya ndi makina opangira makina ndi wapamtima. Momwe mumapezera ndikuyika gawo la mtengowo zimakhudza momwe mungakhalire ndi ndalama zambiri zogulira makina.
Kuponyera kosawoneka bwino kumatha kuyika malo osindikizira ofunikira pamzere wolekanitsa kapena pamalo omwe atha kukhala opanda ungwiro, kusiya wopanga makinawo alibe katundu woyeretsa. Nthawi zonse ndimalimbikira kuunikanso kophatikizana pakati pa katswiri woponya ndi CNC pulogalamu isanapangidwe. Ayenera kulankhula chinenero chimodzi. Woponyayo akuyenera kudziwa kuti ndi malo ati omwe ali 'madatum' opangira makina, ndipo katswiri wamakina akuyenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana komwe kulipo ngati akuponya.
Malingaliro ophatikizikawa ndichifukwa chake makampani omwe amapereka zonse zoponya ndi kupanga, monga QSY ndi kuthekera kwawo kwa CNC, ali ndi mwayi wapadera. Mapangidwe awo amapangidwa ndi makina awo kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Atha kusiya 'mapadi' ofunikira pakuponyedwa ngati malo opangira makina, akudziwa momwe adzagwiritsire ntchito mtsogolo. Imathetsa kuloza chala pakati pa mashopu osiyana ndi makina ogulitsa makina pamene kulolerana kukuchitika. Gawoli limatengedwa ngati njira imodzi yopitilira kuchokera ku sera kupita ku gawo lomaliza.
Madalaivala Otsika: Zobisika Zobisika
Makasitomala nthawi zonse amafuna kudziwa mtengo pa chidutswa chilichonse. Koma kuti mumvetse izi, muyenera kuchotsa zigawozo. Chokwera mtengo kwambiri sizitsulo nthawi zonse. Pazigawo zovuta, zotsika kwambiri, ndiye zida - mbuye amafa kuti apange mawonekedwe a sera. Ngati mukungopanga zidutswa makumi asanu, ndalama zogulira zida zomwe zimaperekedwa pagawo lililonse ndizambiri. Ndiko komwe njira zoyeserera mwachangu za mbuye, monga kusindikiza kwa 3D mu utomoni kapena ngakhale zitsulo, zitha kukhala zosintha pamasewera a prototyping kapena ma voliyumu otsika kwambiri.
Chachiwiri ndi chiwerengero cha magawo pa mtengo uliwonse. Ndi mitundu ingati yomwe mungasonkhanitse pa sprue imodzi? Ndi 3D jigsaw puzzle, kusanja kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe ngakhale kulimba, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipolopolo chimatha kulemera. Kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe kwamitengo ndi luso lomwe limakhudza mtengo wa unit. Luso la uinjiniya nthawi zambiri limayesedwa apa.
Pomaliza, kuyendera. Gawo la makina otchetcha udzu ndi gawo la tsamba la turbine la gasi ndi zonse ziwiri magawo opangira ndalama, koma ndondomeko yoyendera ndi maiko osiyana. Kulowetsa utoto, X-ray, CT scanning, CMM - chilichonse chimawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi. Kufotokozera mulingo woyenera wowunika, kutengera ntchito ndi chiwopsezo cha gawolo, ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri pazamalonda ndiukadaulo. Kuyang'ana mochulukira kungathe kupha kuthekera kwa polojekiti; kusatchulapo ndi bomba la nthawi yamilandu.
Kulephera Monga Aphunzitsi: The Porosity Puzzle
Mumaphunzira zambiri kuchokera pakulephera kolephera kuposa zana langwiro. Gasi porosity ndi tingachipeze powerenga. Tizibowo tating'onoting'ono tonyezimira mkati mwa zinthuzo. Nthawi zambiri, vuto laposachedwa limapita ku chipolopolo - kusakwanira mokwanira. Koma nthawi zina, wolakwa amakhala pamwamba. Sera yokha imatha kugwira mpweya ngati jekeseniyo ili yolakwika. Kapena aloyiyo sanachotsedwe bwino mu ng'anjo. Kapena kutsanulira kunali kwachipwirikiti, kumayamwa mpweya mumtsinje wachitsulo.
Ndikukumbukira gulu la mikono ya lever yomwe inali ndi porosity yokhazikika pamalo enaake. Tinayang'ana chipolopolo, sera, kusanthula zitsulo. Chilichonse chinali chofotokozera. Zinali pokhapo pamene tinajambula kutsanulira ndi kamera yothamanga kwambiri yomwe tinayiwona: mtsinje wachitsulo unali kugunda khoma lothamanga ndi kupanga vortex yomwe inkalowetsa mpweya, yomwe kenako inkalowa mumtsempha. Kukonzekera kunali kosavuta, wothamanga wokhotakhota kuti asamayendetse bwino. Inali nkhani ya kamangidwe, osati ndondomeko imodzi. Popanda umboni wowonekawo, takhala tikuthamangitsa michira yathu kwa milungu ingapo.
Ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi Investment casting. Njirayi ili ndi zosinthika zambiri kotero kuti kudzipatula ndikofunikira. Mufunika njira mwadongosolo, pafupifupi forensic njira yothetsera mavuto. Pamafunika kuleza mtima ndi mgwirizano ndi foundry amene ali wokonzeka kukumba ndi inu, osati ngalawa inu mtanda m'malo ndi chiyembekezo zabwino. Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa chomwe chimayambitsa, osati kungoyika chizindikiro kuti chichitike.
Kuyang'ana Patsogolo: Osati Kungovuta Kwambiri, koma Kuphatikizana
Tsogolo la kuponya ndalama sikungokankhira malire a makoma opyapyala kapena ndime zamkati. Ndi za kuphatikiza mwanzeru kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndi za opanga kumvetsetsa zopinga za ndondomekoyi - ma angles olembera safunikira, koma makoma ofananirako ndi maphatikizidwe oyendetsedwa ndi ofunikira. Ndi za leveraging kayeseleledwe mapulogalamu osati ngati malonda chida, koma tsiku ndi tsiku bwenzi kulosera kulimba ndi kukhathamiritsa gating pamaso chitsulo chilichonse kusungunuka.
Zimakhudzanso kupanga haibridi. Tikuyamba kuwona mapulogalamu omwe kupanga ndalama kumakhala gawo lalikulu la gawo, ndiyeno zimawonjezedwa kudzera pakuyika zitsulo mwachindunji kapena kuwotcherera moyenera. Kapena pomwe choyikapo chokhazikika chokhazikika, chopangidwa kudzera muzowonjezera, chimaponyedwa mu zida. Mizere ikusokonekera.
Komabe, mumtima mwake, imakhalabe luso. Ndiko kumvetsetsa kayendedwe ka sera, kamangidwe ka ceramic, kutuluka ndi kuzizira kwachitsulo. Mukagwira chopangidwa bwino ndalama kuponyera gawo - china chake ngati tsamba la turbine kapena choyikapo opaleshoni - mukugwira chimaliziro cha chidziwitso chozamacho. Ndi yankho lobadwa kuchokera ku chipwirikiti cholamuliridwa, ndipo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosangalatsa, komanso kovuta kosatha kuti mukonze.
