Anthu ambiri akamva 'chitsulo choponyera' amajambula poto yolemera kapena radiator ya nthawi ya Victorian. Ndiyo nkhope ya anthu onse. Mu malonda, makamaka patatha zaka zambiri monga takhala nawo ku QSY, mumaphunzira kuti sizochepa za zinthu zomwezo komanso zambiri zaukwati pakati pa katundu wachitsulo ndi njira yoponyera yosankhidwa kuti iwagwiritse ntchito. Maganizo olakwika kwambiri? Kuti ndi chimodzi, yunifolomu zakuthupi. Si. Kusiyana pakati pa valavu yachitsulo ya ductile yomwe imayenera kupirira kupanikizika kwakukulu ndi chitsulo chotuwa chomwe chimangofunika kulemera ndi kunyowa ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kuthetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndi kumene ntchito yeniyeni imachitika.
Banja la Iron Castings
Simungathe kuyankhula za shopu kuponya chitsulo popanda kuswa nthawi yomweyo. Iron imvi, ductile (nodular) iron, malleable iron, graphite wopangidwa ... aliyense ali ndi umunthu wake. Iron yotuwa, yokhala ndi ma graphite flakes, ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakugwedera - lingalirani zida zamakina. Koma yesani kuziyika pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu ndipo ma flakeswo amakhala ngati zoyambira zomangira. Ndipamene chitsulo cha ductile chimabwera. Mankhwala a magnesium omwe amapangidwa ndi spheroidizes graphite amasintha chirichonse. Mphamvu zamakokedwe zimalumpha, mumapeza kutalika. Ndiwosintha masewera pamagawo omwe amawona katundu wosunthika.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ina m'mbuyomu, kasitomala amafuna makina opangira ma hydraulic mu zomwe amangotcha chitsulo choponyedwa. Zosindikizazo zidafotokoza giredi yanthawi zonse. Tinakankhira m'mbuyo, tinafunsa za kupanikizika komanso zomwe zingakhudze. Iwo anali asanaziganizire izo. Tinkajambula ndi chitsulo chotuwira—chimakina bwino kwambiri, cholimba. Koma kuyezetsa kukakamiza kunawonetsa kutayikira kwa micro-porosity m'njira za flake. Tidasinthira ku chitsulo cha ferritic ductile, tidasintha kapangidwe kake kuti titsimikizire kuchira koyenera kwa magnesium. Chigawo chachiwiri chidachitika. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala chopanda ntchito popanda prefix.
Ndiye pali alloyed zitsulo. Nickel, chromium, molybdenum zowonjezera. Izi sizongolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Iwo amakhazikika pearlite, kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuvala kukana pa kutentha okwera. Tapanga nyumba zapampu zokhala ndi abrasive slurries ndi 15-20% nickel-chrome alloyed white iron. Kuuma kwa as-cast kunali kwankhanza, pafupifupi kosatheka kupangidwa ndi makina kupatula ndi kugaya. Muyenera kupanga izo, konzani ndondomeko yozungulira izo. Ndi chilombo chosiyana ndi magiredi wamba.
Ndondomeko Imayang'anira Ntchito: Shell vs. Investment
Pa shopu yathu, Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., timayendetsa chikombole cha chipolopolo ndi mizere yopangira ndalama. Kusankha pakati pawo kwa chigawo chachitsulo sikungokhudza voliyumu kapena mtengo; ndi za geometry ndi chilungamo. Kumangirira zipolopolo, pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wokutidwa ndi utomoni, kumakupatsani kutha kwapamwamba komanso kulondola kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi mchenga wobiriwira wakale. Ndi yabwino kwambiri pamagawo apakati-zovuta monga mabulaketi a injini kapena ma compressor housings. Ma angles okonzekera akhoza kukhala ochepa, ndipo mumasunga mayendedwe abwino.
Koma mukakhala ndi ndime mkati, undercuts, kapena moona geometries wovuta kuti angafune zosatheka pachimake misonkhano mu mchenga, ndi pamene ndalama kuponyera njira. Tapanga zotulutsa ndi ma turbine housings mu ductile iron motere. Nsomba ndi chitsulo popanga ndalama? Zonse ndi kutsanulira. Kutentha kwakukulu kwachitsulo poyerekeza ndi chitsulo kapena superalloys kumatsindika chipolopolo cha ceramic mosiyana. Mumakhala pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka chochita chipolopolo chachitsulo, chomwe chingathe kuwonongeka ngati chipolopolocho sichinaphike bwino. Pamafunika kulamulira kolimba pa phula ndi sintering mkombero kuti mukhoza kuchoka ndi kukhala sloppier pa gawo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Kulephera komwe kumandimamatira kunali kuyendetsa kanyumba kakang'ono ka ductile iron sensor kudzera popanga ndalama. Ziwalozo zimawoneka zangwiro, zowoneka bwino. Koma poyesa kukakamizidwa kwa kasitomala, ochepa adawukhira. Tidawagawa, tidapeza misozi yowoneka ngati yotentha pafupi ndi mphambano. Vuto linali polowera. Tinagwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe kokometsedwa kwa zitsulo zolimba. Iron, yokhala ndi kuchepa kwake kosiyanasiyana komanso kakhalidwe ka kaboni, inkafunika kutenthetsa pang'onopang'ono m'derali. Tinasintha mawonekedwe a sprue ndi othamanga, kuwonjezera kuzizira pang'ono mumtengo wa sera. Anathetsa izo. Ndi zosintha zobisika zomwe zimalekanitsa kuponyedwa kogwirika ndi kodalirika.
Kugwirana Chanza Machining: Kuponyera kwa CNC
Apa ndipamene chitsanzo chathu chophatikizidwa ku QSY chimalipira. Simungathe kusudzula njira yoponyera kuchokera ku makina otsatirawa. Kuponya kumatha kukhala komveka bwino, koma ngati kuli ndi mawanga olimba osagwirizana kapena kuchepera kobisika, kumawononga zida ndi zidutswa zomwe zili pansi pa CNC. Timapanga njira yoponyera ndi makina opangira makina komanso mfundo zoyamba zogwira.
Ndi kuponya chitsulo, makamaka chitsulo chotuwira, graphite yaulere imagwira ntchito ngati mafuta. Nthawi zambiri ndi makina. Koma kusinthasintha kwa kuzizira kwa gawo limodzi kungayambitse madera achitsulo chozizira (chitsulo choyera) pazigawo zopyapyala kapena pafupi ndi kuzizira. Zinthuzi ndi zolimba kwambiri komanso zowononga. Nthawi ina tinali ndi matupi a valve pomwe flange, itakhazikika mwachangu, idapanga chilled. Anali kutafuna kudzera m'malo a carbide munjira imodzi. Kukonzekera kunali mbali ya ndondomeko: tidasintha kutentha kothira pang'ono ndikuyikanso zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti tilimbikitse kuzizirira kofananako. Zokolola zamakina zidabwereranso.
Kwa chitsulo cha ductile, machinability ndiabwino, koma chip ndi chosiyana. Amakonda kusweka kukhala ang'onoang'ono, otheka 6 ndi 9 osati zingwe zazitali. Koma muyenera chida choyenera geometry ndi zokutira. Tidayimilira pamagiredi apadera kuti tiwongolere ndikumaliza zitsulo zotayira m'madipatimenti athu onse a CNC. Kusasinthika kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera - chifukwa cha kusungunuka koyendetsedwa ndi katemera - ndizomwe zimatilola kutseka magawo okhazikika a makina. Ngati chemistry kapena microstructure imasiyanasiyana batch to batch, mapulogalamu anu a CNC amakhala nkhondo yokhazikika yosintha.
Zakuthupi Nuances: The Alloying Funso
Ngakhale zitsulo zopanda kanthu zimaphimba 80% ya zosowa, gawo lapadera la alloy ndi lochititsa chidwi. Tikukamba za ma alloys opangidwa ndi nickel kapena cobalt omwe amatsanuliridwa mu matrices okhala ndi chitsulo kuti agwire ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Koma nthawi zina, mumangofunika chitsulo chosavuta chokhala ndi tweak. Zitsulo za silicon molybdenum zokhazikika kutentha, monga ma manifolds otulutsa mpweya, ndi chitsanzo chabwino.
Vuto ndi alloying iron ndikuwongolera tsankho. Zinthu zophatikizika zimakhala ndi ma affinities osiyanasiyana a kaboni, ndipo zimatha kukankhira mapangidwe a graphite m'njira zosayembekezereka panthawi yolimba. Simungangoponyera zinthu mu ng'anjo. Ndiwowonjezera motsatizana, ndikuwongolera kutentha kosamalitsa. Timasunga zipika zatsatanetsatane za kutentha uku - nthawi, kutentha, dongosolo la kuwonjezera, mtundu wa inoculant ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ndi zambiri Chinsinsi monga ndondomeko zitsulo.
Ndikukumbukira kupanga chitsulo chapamwamba cha silicon ductile chopangira pampu yamankhwala yowononga. Silicon imapangitsa kuti chitsulo chisawonongeke koma chimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chikhale chofewa komanso chosavuta kutulutsa zovuta. Tidayenera kulinganiza ndi kuchuluka kwa nickel kuti tikhalebe olimba, ndipo tidasamukira kumayendedwe otalikirapo pambuyo poponya kuti tichepetse nkhawa. Chitukukocho chinabwereza katatu. Zolemba zomaliza sizinachoke papepala lililonse; anali giredi eni ake obadwa kuchokera ku vuto linalake. Ndiko kumene kuponya chitsulo amasuntha kuchoka ku chinthu kupita ku chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso.
Ubwino ndi Njira, Osati Kuyendera
Simungathe kuyang'ana khalidwe muzojambula. Ichi ndi chikhulupiriro chenicheni. Kwa chitsulo, chimayamba ndi zida zopangira ndalama - zobwerera, chitsulo cha nkhumba, chitsulo chachitsulo. Zowononga monga lead kapena malata, ngakhale zitakhala zochepa, zimatha kuwononga kapangidwe ka graphite mu chitsulo cha ductile. Timapeza ndikulekanitsa mosamala.
Ndiye pali ndondomeko control. Kuthira kutentha ndikofunika, koma nthawi yomweyo pakati pa chithandizo ndi kutsanulira. Kwa chitsulo cha ductile, magnesium fade ndi yeniyeni. Ngati mudikirira nthawi yayitali mutalandira chithandizo cha nodular, kuchepa kwa nthunzi ya magnesium kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa nodule kumatsika, ndipo mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga graphite. Tili okhwima zenera ku mankhwala otsiriza nkhungu anatsanulira. Imayang'aniridwa ndi kutentha kulikonse.
Kuyesa kosawononga ndi bwenzi lanu. Timagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa ultrasonic pazigawo zofunika kwambiri kuti tiyang'ane shrinkage kapena inclusions. Koma mayeso odziwika kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta: kusanthula ndi kusanthula kwa microstructure. Timachita izi pafupipafupi pagawo loyambirira komanso kuwunika mwachisawawa. Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a graphite nodule, kukula, ndi kugawa pansi pa maikulosikopu kumakuuzani zambiri za thanzi la ndondomekoyi kusiyana ndi cheke chilichonse. Ndi chala cha sungunulani ndi kutsanulira. Pambuyo pa zaka 30, mumamva kumverera. Mutha kuyang'ana pa microstructure ndikungoganizira za kutentha kothira ndi katemera. Ndicho chosagwirika, gawo lachidziwitso lomwe palibe pepala lodziwika bwino lomwe lingagwire. Ndi chimene chimatembenuza mchitidwe wa kuponya chitsulo kuchokera ku sitepe yopangira zinthu kupita ku ntchito yamanja.
