Wina akafunsa za 'mtengo woponyera zitsulo', nthawi zambiri amafuna nambala yosavuta. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. Mtengo wake si chitsulo chabe. Ndi mayendedwe a aloyi tsiku limenelo, zovuta zomwe simunatchule, ndi nthawi yotsogolera yomwe mukuyembekeza mwakachetechete kuphwanya. Ndakhala zaka ku QSY, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndipo phunziro loyamba ndi lotsika mtengo. mtengo wamtengo wapatali nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri la polojekitiyi.
Kuphwanya Chinyengo cha Per Kilo
Makasitomala atsopano amakonda kuyankhula mtengo pa kilogalamu. Kwa chitsulo chotuwira bwino, mwina mumapeza zoyambira. Koma sinthani ku aloyi ya nickel-based alloy pagawo la valavu yotentha kwambiri? Masewera amasintha kwathunthu. Kusakhazikika kwa ndalama zopangira ndi zamisala. Ndikukumbukira koyambirira kwa 2021, mawu omwe tidapereka opangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316L zidatha mkati mwa milungu itatu chifukwa mtengo wa nickel unakwera. Tinayenera kubwerera kwa kasitomala, chipewa chili m'manja. Siticker ya LME yokha; ndimalipiro a giredi yeniyeni, mawonekedwe a ingot, ndi katundu wa ogulitsa. Simukugula zitsulo; mukugula mankhwala enieni omwe amagwirizana ndi ASTM.
Ndiye pali zokolola. Apa ndipamene nkhungu ya chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama zimawonetsa mano awo. Mutha kugula 100 kg ya aloyi, koma ngati gawo la geometry ndi lotopetsa lomwe lili ndi makoma opyapyala ndi ma flange akulu, zokolola zanu zitha kutsika mpaka 50% kapena kutsika. Zonse zomwe sprue, wothamanga, ndi zitsulo zopanda pake zimasungunuka m'thupi lanu mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Tinapanga nyumba yamagetsi yovuta kwambiri pomwe zokolola zinali zosauka kwambiri moti tinatsala pang'ono kunenanso za ntchito yonse yapakati pa kupanga. Mtengo wa kilogalamu sunali kanthu. Mtengo wake weniweni unali muzitsulo zomwe zinabwereranso m’ng’anjo.
Chifukwa chake chinthu choyamba chomwe timachita ku QSY sikupereka mtengo. Ndiko kupeza zojambulazo ndikuchita kafukufuku wotheka. Kodi tingatengere izi mugawo limodzi? Kodi tifunika kusintha kolowera kuti tichepetse makina pambuyo pake? Kapangidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono nthawi zina kumatha kuchulukitsa zokolola. Ndiko kukambirana kwamtengo weniweni, osati kugwedezeka pamtengo woyambira.
Zochulukitsa Zobisika: Njira ndi Zolondola
Kuponyedwa kwa zipolopolo motsutsana ndi kuponya ndalama - mtengo woyendetsa pano ndi geometry ndi mapeto a pamwamba. Kuponyera ndalama, zodzikongoletsera zovuta kwambiri kapena masamba amlengalenga, kumakhala ndi mtengo wosiyana kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a sera, chigoba cha ceramic, kuwongolera kowongoleredwa ndi ma sintering ... ndi luso. The mtengo wachitsulo amakhala kagawo kakang'ono. Ndawonapo ma projekiti omwe mtengo wake unali 70% ya zonse. Makasitomala okhazikika pa alloy surcharge amaphonya izi kwathunthu.
Zofunikira zomaliza pamwamba ndi wakupha wina mwakachetechete. Ra 3.2 vs. Ra 1.6? Izi zitha kutanthauza kuzunguliridwa kowonjezera kokwanira kapena kupukuta pamanja. Ngati mukufuna malo opangidwa ndi as-cast okonzeka kupaka, njira yowumba iyenera kukhala yopanda cholakwika. Kuphatikizika kulikonse kwa mchenga kapena kuyika pamwamba kumatanthauza zidutswa. Tinaphunzira izi movutirapo pa dongosolo loyambirira la ma impellers. Mtengo wake unkatengera kutha kwa nkhungu ya chipolopolo, koma kasitomala amafunikira malo oyeretsedwa ndi hydraulic. Tinadya mtengo wowonjezera kuwombera ndi kuyendera. Tsopano, ndi mzere muzolemba.
Ndi kulolerana. Standard casting tolerances ndi nthano ya magawo ochita bwino kwambiri. Kugwira +/-0.5mm pa 500mm ductile iron frame ndi chinthu chimodzi. Kugwira +/-0.1mm pampando wa 100mm cobalt alloy ndi pulaneti lina. Imatchula njira yopangira nkhungu, ndondomeko yoyendera (kodi tikugwiritsa ntchito CMM?), ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa. Kulimbitsa kulolerana ndi magawo awiri kumatha kuwirikiza katatu mtengo, mosasamala kanthu mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
The Machining Sinkhole
Apa ndipamene makampani ngati athu, okhala ndi makina ophatikizika a CNC, amawona chithunzi chonse. Chigawo chowoneka bwino chikhoza kuwonongedwa ndi kusakonza bwino kwa makina. Mumatchula kuponya motsika mtengo kuti mupambane ntchitoyo, ndiye kuti mtengo wa makinawo ukuphulika chifukwa kuponya sikunapangidwe kuti mupange manufacturability. Tikulimbikira kuti DFM iwunikenso. Mwachitsanzo, kusawonjezera zomata zomangirira kungatikakamize kupanga zida zodula kwambiri.
The kuuma zinthu pambuyo kuponyera kumakhudza Machining mtengo kwambiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chowumitsa mvula ngati 17-4PH chikhoza kuponyedwa, kenako kutenthedwa mpaka chikhalidwe cha H900. Kuyesera kupanga makina omwe ali ovuta kuvala zida. Nthawi yamakina, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, ndi mphamvu zimagwiritsa ntchito mlengalenga. Mtengo womaliza umene kasitomala ankafuna poyamba? Zapita. Yeniyeni mtengo ili mu mtengo wonse wotembenuka kuchokera kuzitsulo zamadzimadzi kupita kugawo lomalizidwa, lopakidwa lokonzekera kusonkhana.
Tinali ndi mlandu wokhala ndi thupi lapadera la alloy gate valve. Kuponyera kunali komveka, koma mkati mwa makina ovuta, tidagunda pabowo la micro-shrinkage. Osakwanira kulephera kuyesa mayeso, koma zokwanira kudandaula za kutopa kwanthawi yayitali. Kodi timachotsa? Konzani weld (komwe ndi njira yatsopano yoyenerera ya aloyiyo)? Mtengo wa chosankhacho—m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, zinthu zakuthupi, ndi ntchito zauinjiniya—zinali zosafunika kwenikweni mtengo wamtengo wapatali kukambirana. Ndi mtengo wazochitikira ndi kukhulupirika.
Voliyumu ndi Masewera Aatali
Mmodzi-osiyana ndi ululu. Mtengo wokhazikitsira nkhungu, kapangidwe kake ka mageti, kuwunika kwa nkhani yoyamba - kumachepetsedwa pang'ono. The mtengo pa chidutswa cha mayunitsi khumi akhoza kukhala theka la gawo limodzi. Pakupanga kwanthawi yayitali, titha kukhathamiritsa ndondomeko yosungunuka, batch chithandizo cha kutentha, ndikukhazikitsa mizere yodzipatulira yopangira makina. Chuma cha sikelo ndi chenicheni, koma chimangoyambira pambuyo pa malire ena. Nthawi zonse ndimauza makasitomala: ngati ichi ndi chitsanzo, mtengo wake uli pafupi kutsimikizira ndondomekoyi. Ngati ndizopanga, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe angapangire nkhungu kuti igwiritse ntchito ma cavity angapo kuti mtengo wake ukhale wotsika.
Mtengo wa zida ndi chilombo chosiyana. Popanga zipolopolo, mawonekedwe achitsulo amawononga masauzande. Pakupanga ndalama, master kufa ndi nkhungu jakisoni sera mtengo kwambiri. Izi ndi capital investment. Makasitomala ena amafuna kukhala ndi zida; ena amafuna kuti tigwire ndikulipira mtengo wotsikirapo. Palibe yankho lolondola, kokha zomwe ubale ndi moyo wautali wa polojekiti zimatengera. Kufalitsa mtengo wa zida zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa pa moyo wonse ndiyo njira yokhayo yoganizira zomaliza mtengo wamtengo wapatali pa gawo.
Nthawi yotsogolera ndiyochulukitsa mtengo aliyense amanyalanyaza mpaka atachita mantha. Ndizifuna m'masabata 4 zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali wazinthu zopangira, nthawi yowonjezera kwa ogwira ntchito, komanso chindapusa chofulumira pakuyesa ma labu ndi ziphaso. Nthawi yotsogolera yeniyeni imalola kupanga kokonzekera, kunyamula bwino ng'anjo, komanso kuwunika kwabata. Kuthamanga nthawi zonse kumawonjezera mtengo, nthawi zambiri zobisika mwachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso kuthawa kwabwino komwe kungatheke.
Ndemanga Yeniyeni: Mtengo Wonse wa Mwini
Chifukwa chake patatha zaka makumi atatu izi, ku QSY, tasiya kupereka mwachangu mtengo wamtengo wapatali mayankho. Timapereka kuwunika kwa polojekiti. Zimaphatikizapo zitsulo (zokhala ndi ndime yosinthira zopangira zopangira masiku 90), mtengo wa ndondomeko (chipolopolo kapena ndalama), chiwerengero cha zokolola, mapu a msewu, kutentha, kuyesa (PT, UT, RT), ndi chiphaso (timapereka MTC ndipo tikhoza kuchita chipani chachitatu monga ABS kapena DNV). Mtengo wake ndi kuchuluka kwa chidaliro chonsecho.
Kulephera ndi mphunzitsi. Nthawi ina tidatchulapo gulu lalikulu la ma valve mu duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Tinkaganiza kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kutengera ma aloyi ofanana. Tinalakwitsa. Zojambulazo zidasokonekera mokwanira kotero kuti zimafunikira kukonza kwakukulu, ndikuchotsa malire. Tsopano, kwa ma aloyi atsopano, timayesa kuyesa pang'ono koyamba. Mtengo woyesererawo uli m'mawu oyamba. Sizowonjezera; ndi mtengo wochikonza.
Pomaliza, yotsika mtengo mtengo ndi imodzi yomwe imapereka gawo lomwe limakwanira, limagwira ntchito, komanso lokhalitsa pa moyo wake womwe ukufunidwa. Sizokhudza kupeza nambala yotsika kwambiri pa spreadsheet. Ndi za kuyanjana ndi maziko omwe amamvetsetsa kuti zitsulo ndi chiyambi chabe. Phindu lenileni ndilo kutembenuza chitsulo chimenecho kukhala chigawo chodalirika, ndi ndalama zonse zobisika zomwe zimawerengedwa ndikuyendetsedwa. Ndiwo mtengo wokhawo womwe ukufunika.
