Mukamva za 'precision metal casting', malingaliro ambiri amalumphira molunjika pakupanga ndalama. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi poyambira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphonya nkhalango chifukwa cha mitengo. Kulondola kwenikweni sikungokhudza dzina la ndondomeko; ndi za chilengedwe chonse chaulamuliro—kuchokera pa zala zosungunula za aloyiyo mpaka kumapeto kwa kulolerana kwa makina. Ndawona ma projekiti ambiri akuyimitsidwa chifukwa wina adatchulapo 'kujambula molondola' pachojambula popanda kufotokoza zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo lawo likugwira ntchito. Kodi chinali kumaliza pamwamba? The dimensional bata pansi pa kutentha? Kusasinthika pagulu la zidutswa 10,000? Kusamvetsetseka kumeneko ndi pamene mavuto amabadwa.
Masewera a Zipolopolo: Zoposa Mchenga Wokha
Tengani chipolopolo cha nkhungu. Nthawi zina zimalowetsedwa ndi mchenga wosavuta, koma ndizopanda pake. Zolondola apa zimachokera ku nkhungu ya mchenga wopangidwa ndi utomoni wokha. Ndi zolimba. Kusasunthika kumeneko kumatanthauza kusuntha kwa khoma la nkhungu pang'ono panthawi yothira, zomwe zimatanthawuza kukhulupirika kwabwinoko. Sitikulankhula za kugwira +/- mainchesi 0.005 pamalo aliwonse - ndi ndalama - koma kwa ma geometries, makamaka zazikulu, zosalala, zimatha kusinthasintha modabwitsa komanso zotsika mtengo. Chinyengo ndicho kudziwa nthawi yochigwiritsa ntchito. Ndimakumbukiranso bulaketi ya pampu yolemetsa, yowoneka ngati yosavuta koma yokhala ndi mabowo awiri ovuta. Kuponyera mchenga wobiriwira kunatipatsa kusiyana kwakukulu m'mabowo okhala ndi zingwe, zomwe zimatsogolera ku nthawi yankhanza yokonza makina. Kusintha ku chikombole cha chipolopolo kunakonza vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Mtengo wa nkhungu unali wokwera, koma tinapulumutsa zambiri pa ntchito yokonza makina ndi zinyalala. Ndicho chothandiza mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo kuponyera chisankho.
Kumene nkhungu ya chipolopolo imatha kukulumani ndizomwe mumayembekezera. Mudzamaliza bwino, ndithudi kuposa mchenga wamba, koma udzakhala ndi maonekedwe a njere. Ngati mfundoyi ikufuna kuti ikhale yomaliza, yokonzeka kuyika, mutha kukhumudwa. Nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuphulika kopepuka kapena makina. Ndinaphunzira kuti zovuta pa polojekiti yoyambirira, kuganiza kuti kasitomala amvetsetsa maonekedwe a 'monga-cast'. Iwo sanatero. Tsopano, kuyang'anira chiyembekezo chimenecho ndi gawo la ndemanga yoyamba.
Kusankha kwazinthu kumaseweranso. Timayendetsa chitsulo chochuluka cha ductile ndi carbon steel kupyolera mu nkhungu za zipolopolo m'sitolo yathu. Njirayi imayendetsa bwino kutentha kwa ma alloys achitsulo. Koma ndawonapo kuyesa kuyendetsa ma alloys apamwamba-nickel kupyolera mu kukhazikitsidwa komweko, ndipo mawonekedwe a kutentha ndi osiyana-zingayambitse kung'ambika kotentha ngati chitseko ndi kuzizira sikusinthidwa. Ndiwo nuance. Kachitidwe sikungodina batani lomwe mwasindikiza; ndi gulu la magawo omwe amaphatikiza zinthuzo ku nkhungu.
Kuponya Ndalama: Kusankha Kodziwikiratu, Ndizovuta Zobisika
Investment casting ndiye chithunzi cha mwana mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo kuponyera, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Chigoba cha ceramic chomwe chimapangidwa mozungulira phula chimakupatsirani kutha kwapamwamba komanso kuthekera kojambula bwino. Koma 'kulondola' apa sikungochitika zokha. Ndondomeko ya sera yokha ndi yomwe ingathe kusintha. Ngati ma jakisoni a sera sanatsekeredwe - kutentha, kuthamanga, kuzizira - mawonekedwe ake amagwedezeka, ndipo kugwedezeka kumeneku kumabwerezedwanso mu chipolopolo chilichonse ndi kuponyedwa komaliza. Ndakhala masabata ndikuyimba njira za sera za banja latsopano. Ndi ntchito yotopetsa, yoyambira yomwe sikuwoneka yokongola koma imatsimikizira zonse zomwe zikutsatira.
Ndiye pali nyumba ya zipolopolo. Zovala za dip, ntchito ya stucco. Ndi ntchito yamanja, yaukadaulo ngakhale m'malo amakono. Luso la katswiri wogwiritsa ntchito jasi lotayirira limafunikira kwambiri kujambula tsatanetsatane. Kuonda kwambiri, ndipo mungakhale pachiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa chipolopolo kapena kulowa kwachitsulo. Kukhuthala kwambiri, ndipo mutha kutaya ngodya zakuthwa. Nthawi ina tinali ndi vuto ndi makoma owonda pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Sera inali yangwiro, koma zitsulo 'zimatsuka' ceramic m'madera ena panthawi yothira. Yankho lake silinali nkhanza; kunali kusintha mamasukidwe a malaya amatope oyamba ndi mtundu wa zinthu za stucco kuti apange wosanjikiza wokhazikika, koma wolondola, woyamba. Uwu ndiye kuchuluka kwa kuwongolera komwe kumatanthawuza kulondola kwenikweni.
Ndipo kuchepa. Aliyense amadziwa zololeza zocheperako, koma kulumikizana pakati pa aloyi ndi chipolopolo cha ceramic panthawi yozizira kumabweretsa zopinga. Kwa gawo lovuta, aloyiyo samachepa mofanana. Izi zingayambitse kupsinjika kotsalira kapena, poipa kwambiri, ming'alu yotentha. Timagwira ntchito ndi zambiri chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi ma aloyi apadera monga ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt kwa valavu yotsekera. Zidazi zili ndi machitidwe awo apadera ochepetsera komanso mapindikidwe amphamvu pa kutentha. Dongosolo la gating liyenera kupangidwa osati kudyetsa zitsulo, koma kulola kuti kuponyera kufooke ndi kukana pang'ono kuchokera ku chipolopolo. Ndi kuvina pakati pa geometry, metallurgy, ndi sayansi ya ceramic. Kuthira kolephera pa gawo lamtengo wapatali la nickel-alloy kumakuphunzitsani zambiri za kuvina kumeneku kuposa buku lililonse.
Kugwirana Chanza kwa Machining: Kumene Kuponyera Kulondola Kumatsimikiziridwa
Palibe zokambirana za mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo kuponyera wathunthu popanda kukhudza Machining. Iwo ndi osalekanitsidwa. Kuponya kumatha kukhala kokongola kwambiri pa CMM, koma ngati ilibe machinability kapena kuuma kosagwirizana, ndizovuta kwambiri pansi pa CNC. Apa ndipamene ntchito zophatikizika, monga zomwe tapanga kwazaka zambiri, zimawonetsa phindu lake. Mayankho afupikitsa. Ngati gulu lopanga makina lipeza kuti zobowola zikutha mwachangu pagulu lazoponya, zitha kubwereranso kumalo oyambira ndipo titha kuyang'ana pa microstructure. Kodi kuziziritsa kunatsitsidwa? Kodi pali kupangika kosayembekezereka kwa carbide pakutentha uku chitsulo chachitsulo?
Ndikukumbukira chigawo cha hydraulic block. Ndalama zoyendetsera ndalamazo zinali zowoneka ngati ukonde, koma zinali ndi mabowo asanu ndi limodzi akuya, osalolera bwino omwe amabowoledwa ndikubowoledwa. Magulu angapo oyamba adachita bwino. Kenako, gulu latsopano linayamba kuyambitsa kusweka kwa matepi. Miyeso yoponya inali yofanana. Nkhaniyi idayambanso kusinthika pang'ono kwa phosphorous muzakudya zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthuzo 'zikhale zolimba' komanso kuti zisakhale zosavuta kugunda. Kukonzekera kunali kusintha kwakung'ono kwa chemistry komanso kusintha kwa annealing cycle post-casting. Popanda kuwongolera unyolo wonse, mukungotumiza zinthu zomwe kasitomala wanu sangathe kuzikonza bwino, ndikuwononga ubale. Kulondola ndi zotsatira zomwe zaperekedwa, osati zomwe zimatumizidwa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani omwe amaphatikiza kuponyera ndi kukonza pansi padenga limodzi, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ali ndi mwayi wobadwa nawo pazigawo zofunika kwambiri. Atagwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira makumi atatu, amvetsetsa kuti handoff kuchokera ku ng'anjo kupita ku CNC si ntchito; ndi kupitiriza. Kufunika kwa makina opangira zinthu zokhazikika, zodziwikiratu kumadziwitsa mwachindunji njira ya foundryman. Pamene mukuchita nazo ma aloyi apadera zomwe zili zodula komanso zovuta kupanga makina, kuphatikiza uku sikwabwino; ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zodalirika, zotsika mtengo mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo kuponyera zotsatira.
Zofunika ndi Uthenga
Simungathe kuyankhula mwatsatanetsatane popanda kulankhula. Aloyi si chinthu cha mzere pa pepala lodziwika; imalamula ndondomeko yonse. Chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuchita mosiyana mu nkhungu. Zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimasungunuka kwambiri komanso kusungunuka kwake kosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kutentha kwambiri komanso kapangidwe kake kosamala kuti mupewe mistruns kapena oxide inclusions. Zomwe zimatchedwa 'special alloys'-zopangidwa ndi faifi tambala ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt- ndi dziko lina. Nthawi zambiri amatsanuliridwa kuti azitumikira monyanyira: kutentha kwambiri, dzimbiri, kukana kuvala. Vuto lawo lolondola nthawi zambiri limakhala la kukhulupirika. Porosity mu muyezo woyenera kungakhale kovomerezeka; mu tsamba la injini ya jeti yopangidwa kuchokera ku faifi tambala wapamwamba kwambiri, ndizowopsa.
Tinagwira ntchito yopangira pampu yopangira mankhwala, yotchulidwa mu duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kukana dzimbiri kunali kofunika kwambiri. Osewera oyambilira adakumana ndi zofananira koma adalephera pakuyesa kwa dzimbiri. Vutolo? Chigawo cha ferrite-austenite chinali chitazimitsidwa chifukwa kuziziritsa kwa kutentha kwakukulu sikunayendetsedwe mwamphamvu mokwanira mu chipolopolo cha ceramic. Kukwaniritsa 'kulondola' kunatanthauza kuyang'anira zitsulo, osati mawonekedwe akunja okha. Tidayenera kusintha chipolopolocho kuti tisinthe pang'ono zida zake zotsekera ndikukhazikitsa njira yozizirira yoziziritsa pambuyo pothira. Idawonjezera masitepe, koma inali njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira zofunikira pakuchita zinthu, chomwe chinali cholinga chenicheni cha kuponya molondola.
Apa ndipamene ma generic foundries adagunda khoma. Kugwira zinthu zachilendo sikungotanthauza kukhala ndi ng'anjo yomwe imatha kutentha. Ndizokhudza kudziwa momwe aloyiyo imalimba, momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za nkhungu, ndi zomwe zimafunika pambuyo poponya kutentha kuti zitulutse zomwe zimafunikira. Ndi chidziwitso chakuya, chapadera chomwe chimakhazikika pazaka zambiri, nthawi zambiri kudzera mukuyesera ndi zolakwika. Mumaphunzira kuti ndi ma alloys ati omwe amakonda kukhala ndi micro-shrinkage, omwe amafunikira kuzungulira kwa isostatic press (HIP) ngati njira yofananira kuti mugwe porosity iliyonse yamkati. Chidziwitso chimenecho ndi gawo lofunikira la equation yolondola.
Muyeso Weniweni: Kusasinthasintha kwa Volume
Pomaliza, mayeso omaliza a mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo kuponyera ndondomeko si imodzi wangwiro prototype. Ndichidutswa cha 500 pakupanga kupanga kukhala chabwino ngati choyambirira. Kubwerezabwereza ndi mfumu. Apa ndipamene zikalata zowongolera ndondomeko, ndondomeko zowunikira mosamalitsa, ndi zowongolera zowerengera (SPC) zimabwera. Ndizochepa zaukadaulo komanso zambiri zasayansi. Kuyang'anira kukhuthala kwa malo osambiramo slurry tsiku lililonse, kuyang'ana makulidwe a sera pogwiritsa ntchito geji yopitako/no-go pakadutsa pang'ono, ndikuyesa zowononga nthawi ndi nthawi pazitsanzo kuti muwone kumveka kwamkati.
Timapereka zida zopangira makina otumizira magalimoto. Kuchuluka kwake ndikwambiri, kulolerana kumakhala kolimba, ndipo mtengo wolephera ndi waukulu. Kulondola apa kumatanthauzidwa ndi ma CPK pamiyeso yovuta. Kuti mugwire manambala amenewo nthawi zonse, kusintha kulikonse mu unyolo kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongoleredwa. Kutentha kwachitsulo musanayambe kutsanulira, kutentha kwa kutentha kwa nkhungu, kutentha kozungulira mu chipinda chowumitsa chipolopolo (kumakhudza kuyanika mitengo). Ndi dongosolo.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mnzanu ngati Mtengo wa QSY, zaka zawo 30 akujambula ndi kupanga makina amatembenuzidwa ku machitidwe okhazikitsidwa, oyeretsedwa a mtundu woterewu wa mawu olondola. Ayenera kuti awona njira zolepherera, adamanga malo ochezera, ndikumvetsetsa mtengo wololeza parameter kuti iyende. Kwa wogula, kukhwima kwa mbiri yakale kumakhala kwamtengo wapatali kuposa makina atsopano onyezimira. Zikutanthauza zodabwitsa zochepa. Ndipo pakupanga, palibe nkhani yomwe ili yabwino. Kupereka batch pambuyo pa batch yomwe imangokwanira ndikugwira ntchito-ndicho chowonadi chodekha, chosasangalatsa chamakampani mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo kuponyera. Sizokhudza kupanga mbambande imodzi; ndi kupanga zikwi khumi zofanana, zigawo zodalirika kuti wina akhoza kumanga mankhwala awo mozungulira popanda ganizo lachiwiri.
