Anthu ambiri akamamva ‘kuponya’ amayerekezera zitsulo zosungunuka zikutsanuliridwa mumchenga. Ndilo mtundu wachikondi. Chowonadi ndi kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa zokhumba zamapangidwe, zinthu zakuthupi, ndi kusakhululukidwa kwa kulimba. Maganizo olakwika kwambiri? Kuti ndi njira yotsika mtengo, yotsika kwambiri yopanga magawo osavuta. Yesani kunena izi kwa injiniya yemwe tsamba lake la turbine lolimba kwambiri lalephera chifukwa cha a kuponyera chilema chosawoneka ndi maso.
Paphata pa Chichewa: Ndi Zokhudza Nkhungu
Chilichonse chimayamba ndipo nthawi zambiri chimatha ndi nkhungu. Kusankha pakati pa kuponya mchenga, kupanga ndalama, kapena kuumba zipolopolo sikungotengera mtengo; ndi za geometry yomwe mukuyesera kuti mukwaniritse komanso kumaliza kwake komwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga chipolopolo cha nkhungu, chomwe kampani imakonda Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. ndandanda ngati yapadera, imakupatsani kumaliza kwabwinoko komanso kulondola kwambiri kuposa mchenga wamba wobiriwira. Mumachigwiritsa ntchito mukafuna kupanga gawo lomwelo ndi tsatanetsatane wabwino, lingalirani midadada ya injini kapena ma valve. Chigobacho chili ngati chojambula chochepa, cholimba cha ceramic cha chitsanzo chanu.
Investment casting ndiye mbali ina ya sipekitiramu zovuta. Mukukula chipolopolo cha ceramic mozungulira sera, kusungunula sera, ndikutsanulira zitsulo muzitsulo. Sera imalola kusokonezeka kwamisala-zolowera pansi, ndime zamkati, zolemba zabwino. Koma ndondomekoyi ndi yaitali, ndipo mtengo wa nkhungu ndi wokwera. Sizothamanga kwambiri. Mukuziwona muzinthu zamlengalenga, zida za opaleshoni. Luso pano ndikuwongolera jekeseni wa sera, kuviika kwa slurry kuti apange chipolopolo, ndi kutsekemera kolamulirika popanda kusweka chipolopolo chosalimba. Khomo limodzi lazitsulo muzophimba za chipolopolo limatanthauza chipsepse pa gawo lomaliza, lomwe lingatanthauze chigawo chophwanyika.
Kumene anthu amapunthwa ndi pateni. Kaya ndi chipolopolo kapena mchenga, chitsanzocho chiyenera kuchititsa kuchepa. Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zimachepa pamitengo yosiyana. Mtundu wachitsulo wotuwa ndi wopanda ntchito kwa aluminiyamu kuponyera ngati mukufuna kulondola. Ndipo muphatikizepo zojambula - zojambula pankhope zoyima - kuti mutha kukoka chithunzicho pamchenga osang'amba nkhungu. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti akuchedwa masabata chifukwa wopanga, yemwe ankagwiritsa ntchito makina a CNC, adatumiza chitsanzo chabwino cha 90-degree of vertical wall. Izo sizingakhoze kuponyedwa. Muyenera kumakina pambuyo pake, zomwe zimalepheretsa cholingacho.
Zofunika Sizongosankha pa Deta Yambiri
Kutola zinthu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chiyambi cha zokambirana, osati mapeto. Kodi tikulankhula 304, 316, 17-4PH? Iliyonse imayenda mosiyana, imachepera mosiyana, ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi okosijeni mosiyanasiyana panthawi yothira. Zachinyengo kwambiri ndi ma aloyi apadera omwe QSY amatchula, monga ma superalloys opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kapena cobalt. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri - kutentha kwakukulu, dzimbiri. Iwo ndi ankhanza kuponyera.
Vuto la ma alloys awa ndi machitidwe awo osungunuka ndikuchitanso. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kotero ng'anjo yanu ndi zida zomangira ziyenera kupirira izi. Zowonjezereka, zimatha kukhala zotakataka. Ngati simusamala ndi mpweya wa m'ng'anjo (pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum kapena gasi wa inert), zinthu zomwe mukufuna - monga aluminiyamu kapena titaniyamu polimbikitsa - zidzasungunuka. Mwasiyidwa ndi chemistry yomwe simakwaniritsa. Ndikukumbukira ntchito yoyaka moto mu aloyi ya cobalt. Kuthamanga kochepa koyambirira kunali ndi machitidwe osagwirizana. Zikuoneka kuti, kusiyana kwakung'ono mu kutentha kuthira kumayambitsa chinthu chotchedwa microsegregation - zinthu zina zimalimba poyamba, kupanga mawanga ofooka. Tinayenera kulimbitsa zenera lowongolera kutentha ndi madigiri 30 Celsius, zomwe zikutanthauza kukonzanso ma pyrometer athu onse.
Ndiye pali kukwera ndi kukwera. Awa ndi ma plumbing system omwe mumapanga kuti zitsulo zilowe mu nkhungu (zitseko) ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya pamene zimalimba (zokwera). Kwa bulaketi yachitsulo chosavuta, malamulo okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa nyumba yovuta, yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala muchitsulo cha ductile, imakhala luso. Mukufuna kuti zitsulo zidzaze nkhungu mofulumira komanso movutikira kuti musamaundane msanga, koma osati chipwirikiti chomwe chimawononga nkhungu ndikupanga mchenga. Zokwera ziyenera kukhala zosungunuka kwambiri kuposa gawo lokhuthala kwambiri la gawolo, kudyetsa zitsulo zamadzimadzi kuti zithandizire kuchepa. Zilakwitseni, ndipo mumapeza shrinkage porosity-malo a spongy, ofooka mkati mwa gawo lomwe limawoneka ngati gawo lolimba. Kuyesa kosawononga ngati X-ray kudzaipeza, ndiyeno gawolo ndi zidutswa.
Kumene Kuponyera ndi Machining Kuwombana
Magawo owerengeka ochepa omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oponya. Pafupifupi onse amafunikira zina makina. Apa ndipamene ubale pakati pa zoyambira ndi malo ogulitsira makina ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kampani yomwe imachita zonsezi, monga QSY ndi zomwe zanenedwa CNC makina luso, ali ndi mwayi waukulu. Amamvetsa ulendo wonsewo.
Chinsinsi ndicho kukonzekera makina kuyambira pachiyambi. Muyenera kuyika zinthu zowonjezera, zomwe zimatchedwa machining allowance, pamtunda uliwonse womwe ungadulidwe. Koma simungangowonjezera 3mm kulikonse. Kuchulukitsa kumatanthauza kuti mukuwononga chitsulo chokwera mtengo ndikuwonjezera nthawi yopanga makina. Kuonjezera pang'ono, ndipo wodulayo sangathe kuyeretsa pamwamba pake, kusiya chigamba cha khungu loyambirira. Choyipa kwambiri, ngati kuponyako sikuli kokhazikika (kugwedezeka panthawi yozizirira), katswiri wamakina atha kupeza kuti palibe chodula pamalo amodzi komanso chochulukirapo kwina.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa ntchito yomanga mapampu. Kuponyedwa kunatuluka mokongola, koma kunali ndi uta pang'ono, mwinamwake 1.5mm kupitirira 500mm kutalika. Si zachilendo kwa mawonekedwe aatali, a bokosi. Pulogalamu yathu yopangira makina imakhala yosalala bwino. Kudutsa koyamba pa mphero ya CNC kunadula kwambiri mbali imodzi ndikungokanda inayo. Tinayenera kuyimitsa, kukonzanso, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku kuti tipeze malo enieni, kenaka kusintha njira za zida. Iwo anawonjezera maola. Tsopano, pa malo ovuta kwambiri okwerera, tingatchule kulolerana mowongoka pa zojambula zojambulidwa kapena kupanga nthiti zolimba kuti muchepetse tsamba lankhondo. Ndi malingaliro amtundu woterewa omwe amalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi mnzake wopanga.
Nkhondo Yosawoneka Yabwino: Kuyesa Kosawononga
Mutha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe ndikulephera kwathunthu mkati. Ndipamene NDT imabwera. Kuyang'ana kowoneka ndi sitepe yoyamba - kuyang'ana zolakwika zoonekeratu ngati zotsekera zozizira (pomwe mitsinje iwiri yachitsulo sinaphatikizepo) kapena mabowo amchenga. Kuyesa kolowera kwa utoto kumapeza ming'alu yapamtunda. Koma chitsimikizo chenicheni chimachokera ku njira zomwe zimawona mkati.
Kuyesa kwa radiographic (X-ray) ndiye mulingo wagolide wopezera ma voids amkati, kuchepa, kapena kuphatikizika. Mukuyang'ana mithunzi mufilimuyi. Koma ndizochedwa komanso zodula. Kuyesa kwa ultrasonic ndikofulumira kuti muwone zolakwika zapansi panthaka, monga ming'alu yomwe ili pansi pa nthaka. Zimagwira ntchito potumiza mafunde a phokoso kupyolera muzitsulo ndikumvetsera mauniko. Luso la katswiri womasulira zizindikiro ndi chirichonse.
Vuto ndiloti 100% NDT mbali iliyonse sikhala yachuma. Mumapanga dongosolo lachitsanzo potengera kukhudzidwa kwa gawolo. Bokosi lokongoletsera litha kupeza zowoneka zokha. Thupi lokhala ndi valavu yokhala ndi cholumikizira mafuta? Ndiko kupeza 100% X-ray pamagulu onse ovuta. Muyezo womwe mumagwira ntchito - ASTM, ISO, MIL spec - umawonetsa kukula kovomerezeka ndi kachulukidwe ka zolakwika. Nthawi zina, mumapeza cholakwika chomwe chili mkati mwaukadaulo koma pamalo owopsa. Kodi mumatumiza? Ndiko kuyitanira chiweruzo, kukambirana ndi injiniya wa kasitomala. Ndinayenera kunena kuti pore yaing'ono, yodzipatula kutali ndi malo aliwonse opsinjika maganizo siwowopsa, kupulumutsa gawo lamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku bin. Nthawi zina, muyenera kukhala amene mumayitana kulephera, ngakhale zitapweteka.
Kugwirizana Kwapadziko Lonse: Mtengo, Nthawi, Kuchita
Pomaliza, kuponyera ndi kupeza kugwirizana zotheka. Wopangayo amafuna gawo lopepuka, lamphamvu kwambiri, lotenthetsera bwino, lopangidwa ndi geometrically lokhala ndi galasi lomaliza. Dipatimenti yogula ikufuna $50 unit. Kupanga kumafunika zidutswa 10,000 pofika kotala lotsatira.
Muyenera kuphwanya zofunika izi. Zovuta za geometric zimakukankhirani ku kakhazikitsidwe kazachuma, komwe kumapangitsa kukwera mtengo komanso kumachepetsa kuchuluka. Zidutswa 10,000 zimakukankhirani ku chiwombankhanga chachikulu kapena nkhungu yosatha, zomwe zimalepheretsa kusankha kwazinthu ndipo sizingakwaniritse zovuta zamkati. Kulimba kwamphamvu kungafune chitsulo kapena aloyi yapadera, yomwe imachotsa njira zina zothamanga kwambiri. Mutha kukhala pakati, mwina ndi mchenga wopangidwa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma cores, muchitsulo cha ductile, chokhala ndi malo ovuta. Si mtundu wangwiro wa iliyonse yabwino, koma ndi Baibulo limene lingakhoze kupangidwa modalirika, pa mtengo, pa nthawi.
Ndicho choonadi chenichenicho. Sizokhudza kukwaniritsa ungwiro mu chikhalidwe chimodzi. Ndi za kukonza zosintha zonse —njira ya nkhungu, zinthu, mageti, machiritso a kutentha, makina—kuti zifike pokoma pakugwiritsa ntchito. Wothandizira yemwe ali ndi zaka zambiri pamasewera, ngati kampani yazaka 30, wawona malondawa kambirimbiri. Sikuti akungosindikiza chabe; iwo akuwerenga pakati pa mizere ya zofunikira, kuyembekezera kumene ndondomeko idzamenyana, ndi kutsogolera polojekiti ku zotsatira zopangidwira. Ndilo mtengo weniweni, ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe mumangophunzira pochilakwitsa kangapo musanayambe kuchikonza nthawi zonse.
