Mukamva za 'cobalt-based alloy,' zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - ma jet engine blade, turbine seals, ma valve otentha kwambiri. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi malingaliro ochepa. M'zaka zanga zomwe ndikuchita ndi zida izi zamafakitale, ndawona kukhazikika kwa kutentha kumatsogolera ku zosankha zolakwika. Vuto lenileni siliri chabe kuti amatha kutentha; zikuwapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito modalirika munjira yokhala ndi zida zina, zocheperako, zomwe zimayenderana ndi njinga zamoto, kukwera mtengo, komanso kutsika mtengo kwa geometry. Ndizinthu zomwe zimalanga malingaliro.
Aloyi Sipoyambira; Kulephera Ndiko
Simungosankha kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi yochokera ku cobalt. Nthawi zambiri mumakakamizidwa kulowamo. Cholowa chofala ndikulephera mobwerezabwereza mu a makina gawo zopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo cholimba kapena ngakhale nickel alloy. Ndikukumbukira kasitomala wina yemwe anali ndi chingwe chosalekeza—mipukutu yawo yolondolera, yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, inatha kwa milungu ingapo. Nkhaniyo sinali yongopeka chabe; chinali kuphatikiza kutentha kwapakati (kuzungulira 600-700 ° C), makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndi kupsinjika kwa cyclic kumayambitsa kukwapula kwapang'onopang'ono. Kusinthira ku aloyi wamba wa cobalt kuchokera m'kabukhu sikunathe. Chitsanzo choyamba, chogwiritsa ntchito Co-6 (Stellite 6), chinawonetsa kuvala bwino koma chosweka chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa kutentha. Tinayenera kubwerera m'mbuyo.
Phunziro linali lakuti cobalt-based ndi banja lalikulu. Kuti tipeze mpukutuwo, tinkafunika kusamala. Tidasamukira ku aloyi yokhala ndi kaboni wapamwamba kwambiri ndi tungsten wokana abrasion, komanso kuchuluka kwa chromium ndi molybdenum kuti tikhale ndi moyo wabwino wotopa. Ndi kulinganiza uku komwe kumatanthawuza ntchitoyo. Mapepala a data amakupatsirani mawonekedwe oyambira, koma kulumikizana muutumiki ndi komwe ndikofunikira. Sikuti mukungogula zinthu; mukupanga zenera lantchito.
Apa ndipamene mabwenzi a nthawi yayitali amakhala ovuta. Sitolo yomwe imangothira zitsulo siidula. Mufunika imodzi yomwe imamvetsetsa momwe ma alloys awa amagwirira ntchito - momwe amavutikira kung'ambika kotentha, momwe amakhudzira kutentha. Ndagwira ntchito ndi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) pamitundu ingapo. Zaka makumi atatu zawo mu zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, makamaka mindandanda ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt monga mwapadera, zikutanthauza kuti ankadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zisanayambe kutentha ndi kuwongolera kuziziritsa mitengo ya mphete yosindikizira yapampu yomwe tidapanga. Gawo limenelo likadasweka m'malo khumi ndi awiri okhala ndi shopu yocheperako.
Machining: Kumene Mtengo Weniweni ndi Kupweteka kwa Mutu Zimabisala
Aliyense akuda nkhawa ndi mtengo wa zopangira pa kilo. Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi mtengo wa chip chilichonse chomalizidwa. Machining cobalt alloys ndi chilombo chosiyana. Amagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri. Chida chosawoneka bwino pang'ono kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri sikungovala chida; zimapanga khungu lolimba pa workpiece lomwe limapangitsa kuti chotsatiracho chikhale chosatheka, nthawi zambiri chimawononga gawolo.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pagulu la mipando ya valve. Pulogalamu ya CNC yomwe idagwira ntchito bwino pa 316 zosapanga dzimbiri inali tsoka. Zinapangitsa kuti pakhale macheza, zoyika zosweka, ndi miyeso yosiyana. Yankho lake silinali kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono ndi ma feed. Inali njira yathunthu yogwiritsira ntchito zida: zonyamula zida zolimba, magiredi enieni a carbide okhala ndi m'mbali zakuthwa komanso ma rakes abwino, komanso choziziritsa kupanikizika kwambiri chomwe chimayang'ana m'mphepete mwake kuti chizitha kutentha ndikuchotsa tchipisi. Ndi njira yodula, yobwerezabwereza.
Ili ndi gawo lina lomwe kuthekera kwantchito zonse kwa wopanga kumafunikira. Kampani ngati QSY, yomwe imagwira ntchito zonse zoponya ndi CNC makina m'nyumba, ali ndi phindu lalikulu. Atha kupanga njira yopangira makina poganizira makina - kuwonjezera ndalama zothandizira masheya, poganizira za momwe angakhazikitsire - kuti gawolo lisinthe kuchoka pakuponya kosaphika kupita ku gawo lomalizidwa lokhala ndi zotsalira zochepa komanso chiopsezo chochepa. Kwa ife, kuphatikizika kumeneku kunadula nthawi yotsogolera pagulu la turbine vane pafupifupi 30% chifukwa akatswiri amakina ndi anyamata oyambitsa anali kuthetsa mavuto palimodzi kuyambira tsiku loyamba.
Msampha Wabwino Wokwanira ndi Kusintha Kwazinthu
Pali kukakamizidwa kosalekeza kuti mulowe m'malo. Kodi sitingagwiritse ntchito nickel alloy yotsika mtengo kapena zokutira pamwamba? Nthawi zina, inde. Koma nthawi zambiri, ndi chuma chabodza. Ndinachita nawo pulojekiti yopangira pampu yopangira mankhwala komwe mtunduwo umayitanitsa aloyi ya Co-28Cr-6Mo kuti ikhale ndi dzimbiri komanso kukana kwa cavitation. Wogulitsa wina anaganiza zokhala ndi faifi tambala-mkuwa wokhala ndi zokutira zomata ndi aloyi wa cobalt. Zinali zotchipa patsogolo.
Zinalephera mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Chophimbacho chinachepetsedwa. Phunziro linali lamphamvu, yonyamula katundu makina mbali kutengera zowononga ndi zowononga media, katundu wofanana wa cobalt aloyi yolimba ndi yosasinthika. Gawo lapansi ndi zokutira nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi malire omwe angakhale olephera kuyambitsa. Mumalowetsa mwakufuna kwanu, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyesa kwathunthu kuti mutsimikizire, zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa kungochita bwino koyamba.
Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lachidziwitso cha akatswiri. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi maziko omwe amalemba ma alloys apaderawa ngati luso lofunikira, monga mukuwonera Webusayiti ya QSY, simukungopeza ng'anjo zawo. Mukufikira zaka makumi atatu zakugamula kokwanira pa nthawi yomwe zida izi ndizofunikira komanso nthawi yomwe zitha kuchulukira. Upangiri womwewo ndiwophimbidwa munjira.
Nkhani Yofunika Kwambiri: Kupambana ndi Funso Losakhalitsa
Kupambana momveka bwino kunali mbale zovala zopangira ubweya wotentha muzitsulo zachitsulo. Chilengedwecho chinali chankhanza: kukhudzana kwakanthawi ndi chitsulo cha 900 ° C, kuziziritsa kutsitsi kwa madzi, komanso kuvala koyipa kwambiri. Tidagwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya cobalt yokhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu ya carbide. Njira yopangira zipolopolo pa QSY inali yofunika kwambiri - idatipatsa kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kumalizidwa kwapamwamba komwe kumafunikira gawo lomwe linali lofanana ndi ukonde, kuchepetsa makina okwera mtengo pamalo olimbawo. Zigawozo zinaposa njira yapitayi ndi gawo la zisanu. Ndiko kupambana komwe mumathamangitsa.
Koma si nkhani zonse zimene zili zoyera choncho. Posachedwa tayesa aloyi watsopano wa cobalt wa chida chotsitsa. Zinalonjeza kukana kuvala kodabwitsa. Mu labu munali nyenyezi. M'munda, idasweka pa katundu woyamba wapamwamba kwambiri. The post-mortem idawonetsa vuto la intergranular brittleness lomwe silinawonekere pamayeso wamba a ASTM. Izi zinabweretsanso ntchitoyo miyezi ingapo. Ndi chikumbutso kuti ndi zida zapamwambazi, palibe choloweza m'malo mwa dziko lenileni, pulogalamu yotsimikizika yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Sayansi yakuthupi ndi theka chabe la nkhani.
Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo: Zowonjezera ndi Zam'tsogolo Geometry
Aliyense akukamba za kupanga zowonjezera kwa ma aloyi awa. Imakhala ndi malonjezano a ma geometri osatheka - njira zozizirira zamkati, zida za lattice. Koma pakali pano, kwa ambiri apamwamba, odalirika kwambiri cobalt-based alloy zigawo, kuponyera akadali mfumu. Umphumphu wazitsulo ndi isotropic wa gawo lopangidwa bwino ndizovuta kumenyana ndi ndondomeko yowonongeka yomwe ingayambitse mitundu yatsopano ya zolakwika.
Izi zati, tikuziyang'anitsitsa. Kutha kusindikiza mawonekedwe apafupi ndiukonde amtundu wamafuta ovuta ndikumaliza ndi makina olondola a CNC atha kukhala osintha masewera. Zingachepetse kuwononga zinthu kwambiri. Makampani omwe adziwa kale kupanga ndi kupanga, monga gulu la Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ali ndi mwayi wophatikiza matekinoloje oterowo akakhwima pazigawo zofunika kwambiri. Zomwe amakumana nazo pamachitidwe azinthu zamadzimadzi komanso zolimba ndiye chidziwitso choyambirira chomwe muyenera kutsimikizira njira iliyonse yatsopano.
Ndiye kodi zimenezi zikutisiya kuti? Cobalt alloys si chipolopolo chamatsenga. Ndi chida chapadera kwambiri. Chinsinsi chowagwiritsa ntchito bwino ndikuyamba ndi njira yolephereka, kulemekeza zovuta za kupanga ndi kukonza kwawo, ndikuyanjana ndi opanga omwe ali ndi zipsera zotsimikizira kuti akudziwa zomwe akuchita. Cholinga sichimangopanga gawo kuchokera ku aloyi yapamwamba; ndiko kupanga chigawo chomwe chimasowa kukhala chodalirika, chosasokoneza. Ndiwo muyeso weniweni wa chipambano.
