Anthu ambiri akaganizira za powder metallurgy (PM), amalumphira molunjika mpaka kukanikiza ndi sintering. Kupanga ufa weniweni nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali, chinthu chomwe mumangogula. Ndiko kuyang'anira kokwera mtengo. Maonekedwe a ufa - kapangidwe kake, kagawidwe kake, kuchuluka kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwake - zatsekeredwa pano. Inu simungakhoze kukanikiza kapena sinter kuti mutuluke mu ufa woyipa. Imatanthauzira zonse zomwe zimabwera pambuyo pake.
Njira Zazikulu ndi Zowona Zakusankha
Muli ndi njira zazikuluzikulu: ma atomization azitsulo, kuchepetsa mankhwala a zinthu monga tungsten, ndi njira zamakina monga mphero. Kuchuluka kwa ma atomization m'madzi ndikokwera kwambiri pamafuta ambiri a ferrous-otsika mtengo, kumakupatsani tinthu tating'ono tomwe timalumikizana bwino. Koma ngati mukufuna ufa wozungulira kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwambiri ngati zowonjezera kapena jekeseni wazitsulo (MIM), atomization ya gasi ndiye masewera enieni mtawuniyi. Mpweya wa inert, nthawi zambiri argon kapena nayitrogeni, umaphwanya mtsinje wosungunula kukhala magawo abwino kwambiri. Kutsika kwa mtengo ndi kwakukulu, koma momwemonso momwemo.
Nayi nsonga yothandiza yomwe tidakumana nayo ndi batchi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 316L ya MIM. Zomwe zimafunikira D90 pansi pa ma microns 22. Mpweya wa atomu wa mpweya unabwereranso ukuwoneka bwino pansi pa SEM, mabwalo okongola. Koma kusanthula kwa sieve kunawonetsa mchira wonenepa wa chindapusa - tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepera 10 ma microns. Ndilo loto la kubwebweta; imasintha kayendedwe ka capillary, imatha kuyambitsa matuza. Woperekayo adasintha mphamvu ya gasi kuti igulitse zokolola zapamwamba, mosadziwa ndikupanga chindapusa chochulukirapo. Sizinali zachilendo, koma zidatsala pang'ono kuwononga kupanga. Zinandiphunzitsa kuti nthawi zonse ndizipempha zokhotakhota zonse za PSD, osati mfundo za D10, D50, D90 zokha.
Apa ndipamene mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali ndi oyambitsa komanso akatswiri azinthu ndizofunikira. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi angapo akuponya ndi aloyi, amamvetsa izi kuchokera kumbali ina. Sali opanga ufa, koma chidziwitso chawo chakuya cha machitidwe a aloyi, makamaka ma superalloys anyezi opangidwa ndi nickel kapena cobalt - amadziwitsa zomwe amafunikira kuchokera kwa omwe amawagawira ufa pazotsatira monga kuyika ndalama kwa magawo oyandikana nawo. Kuyeretsedwa kwa ufa ndi kusasinthasintha kumakhudzanso zotsatira za kuponyera kwa chipolopolo chawo.
Kupitilira pa Deta: Kugwira ndi Zosintha Zobisika
Satifiketi yakusanthula ndi poyambira, osati nkhani yonse. Kachulukidwe kowoneka bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe (kuyezedwa ndi flowmeter ya Hall) ndikofunikira pakudzaza makina osindikizira okha. Ufa ukhoza kukhala ndi PSD yabwino koma osayenda bwino chifukwa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta satellite - tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalumikizidwa ku zazikulu chifukwa cha kugunda kwa nsanja ya atomiki. Iwo amachita ngati anangula aang'ono.
Kugwira pambuyo popanga ndi dzenje lina lakuda. Ndawonapo ufa wangwiro ukuphwanyidwa ndi kusungidwa kosayenera. Kujambula kwachinyezi mu ufa wa ferrous ndikwapamwamba. Ngakhale muzitsulo zomata, ngati nyumba yosungiramo katunduyo siyikuyendetsedwa ndi nyengo, mumapeza okosijeni pamtunda womwe umapweteka kupsinjika ndi mphamvu yomaliza. Pazinthu zogwiritsa ntchito ngati titaniyamu kapena zotayira za aluminiyamu, ndi gawo lina lonse lazosungira-nthawi zambiri zimafuna kubwezeretsedwa kwa argon. Mtengo wa ufa ndi chinthu chimodzi; mtengo wosunga dziko lake mpaka kukafika ku imfa ndi wina.
Nthawi zina, yankho ndi kusakaniza. Poyamba tinali ndi gawo lomwe limafunikira mphamvu zobiriwira kwambiri komanso geometry yovuta. Ufa wamtundu umodzi sunali kuudula. Tinamaliza kusakaniza magulu awiri kuchokera ku alloy yoyambira imodzi koma ndi magawo osiyana pang'ono - imodzi yokulirapo kuti iyende, imodzi yabwino kwambiri yomangirira. Kusakanizana komweko kunakhala kovuta; kusakanikirana kwa makone awiri motsutsana ndi V-kusakaniza kunapereka zosiyana, zomwe zimakhudza kusasinthasintha kwa gawo ndi gawo. Zinali zovuta, zowononga nthawi zomwe simudzaziwona pabulosha lonyezimira la PM.
The Special Alloys Conundrum and Practical Sourcing
Apa ndi pomwe mphira umakumana ndi msewu. Kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chokhazikika, mkuwa, kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikosavuta. Njira zogulitsira ndizokhwima. Koma mapangidwe anu akafuna alloy yochokera ku nickel yotentha kwambiri ngati Inconel 718, kapena alloy yosagwirizana ndi cobalt ngati Stellite 6, chilichonse chimasintha.
Kusungunula musanayambe atomization ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kufufuza zinthu, mpweya (oxygen, nitrogen), ndi homogeneity ya master alloy zonse zimasindikizidwa pa ufa. Kusiyanitsa pang'ono mu ingot kungayambitse malo otentha kapena kusakanikirana kosagwirizana pambuyo pake. Kwa katswiri wamakina ngati Mtengo wa QSY, amene pambuyo pake amachita CNC makina pazigawo za sintered PM, kuuma kosagwirizana kapena kukhalapo kwa magawo olimba, osasunthika kuchokera kuzinthu zonyansa kumatha kuwononga zida. Amafunikira zinthu zodziwikiratu, zofananira pamakina kuti azitha kupirira zolimba, zomwe zimabwezeretsa mtolo pakupanga ufa kuti upereke kusasinthika kotheratu.
Kupeza ma ufa awa ndizovuta. Ma voliyumu ndi otsika, otsogolera nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri mumachita mwachindunji ndi mphero yomwe imapanga katundu wa alloy bar kapena ndi atomizer yapadera. Si kugula pashelefu. Mukupanga co-kupanga mafotokozedwe azinthu. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yosindikizira zamlengalenga pomwe chikalata chofotokozera za ufa chinali masamba 12. Zinkamveka mopambanitsa panthawiyo, koma zinalepheretsa kulephera pamzere.
Zolephera ndi Maphunziro Amene Amasindikiza
Mumaphunzira zambiri kuchokera ku gulu lomwe likulephera kuposa kuchokera zana lomwe ladutsa. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga, tinali ndi zida zowonongeka zowonongeka zomwe zinayamba kulephera kuyesa. Kuthyoka pamwamba kunawonetsa kulephera koyera, kwapakati. Tinayang'ana chirichonse: kukanikiza kukanikiza, kutentha kwa sintering ndi mpweya, chithandizo cha kutentha. Zonse kuti mufotokoze. Potsirizira pake, tinabwerera ku malo a ufa ndikuchita mozama kwambiri. Kusanthula kagayidwe ka asidi kunawonetsa kuti ali ndi nayitrogeni wokulirapo kuposa wanthawi zonse. Atomizer anali atagwiritsa ntchito gwero la argon wokhala ndi kusayera kwa nayitrogeni kwa gululo. Kuwonjezeka kwakung'ono kwa nayitrogeni wapakati kumeneko kunasokoneza malire a mbewu mokwanira. Ufawu unali wamankhwala, koma kuwunika kwa gasi kunali kotakata kwambiri. Tinalilimbitsa, ndipo vutolo lidatha. Tsopano, sindikukayikira za ziphaso za gasi za mpweya wa atomization womwewo.
Phunziro lina linali lokhudza kukula. Ufa womwe umagwira ntchito bwino m'magulu a 50kg popanga ma prototyping ukhoza kukhala wosiyana pakupanga matani awiri. Kuzizira kwa nsanja ya atomization kumatha kusiyanasiyana, kumabweretsa kusintha kosawoneka bwino kwa microstructure. Muyenera kulimbikira kuti muyambe kuyendetsa ndege pafupi ndi kapangidwe kake musanasaine. Ndi zodula komanso nthawi yambiri, koma zotsika mtengo kuposa kukumbukira kwathunthu.
Kumene Izi Zonse Zikulumikiza: The Integrated Supply Chain
Izi zimandifikitsa ku mfundo yowonjezereka. Kupanga ufa si sitepe yokhayokha. Ndilo ulalo woyamba mu unyolo womwe umaphatikizapo kupanga, sintering, ndipo nthawi zambiri ntchito zachiwiri monga CNC makina kapena mankhwala pamwamba. Zotsatira zabwino zimabwera ngati pali ndemanga pa mndandanda wonsewo.
Kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito zonse zapamwamba (chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera, kuponya ndalama) ndi makina olondola, monga omwe mungapeze https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, imaphatikizapo kuphatikiza uku. Amawona ntchito yomaliza yogwiritsira ntchito. Ngati gawo lomwe amasindikiza kuchokera pa sintered PM ilibe zida zosagwira ntchito kapena kusakhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono, malingalirowo amayenera kubwereranso kwa sinterer, ndipo pamapeto pake kwa wopanga ufa. Kodi chinali kuphatikizidwa kwa oxide mu ufa? A tinthu dzenje kuti anagwa pa sintering? Kumvetsetsa kotsekeka kumeneku ndiko komwe kumalekanitsa magawo abwino kuchokera kuzinthu zodalirika, zogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, mukayang'ana gawo lomaliza la PM, simungoyang'ana chitsulo choponderezedwa komanso chonyowa. Mukuyang'ana mbiri ya kusungunula, fizikiki ya nozzle ya atomization, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndi zochitika zingapo zomwe zimayendetsedwa. Ufa ndi DNA. Ndipo mofanana ndi DNA, kachilema kakang’ono kosaoneka kakhoza kudziwa zimene zidzachitikire thupi lonse. Kukonza bwino sikungokhudza luso lamakono komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi tsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane, zomwe zimaphunziridwa nthawi zambiri kudzera muzochita zopambana movutikira.
