Anthu ambiri akamamva 'kuponyedwa kwachitsulo chovuta', amajambula kutsanulira. Mphindi yochititsa chidwi, yosungunuka. Koma mwina ndi 5% ya nkhani yeniyeni. Kuvuta kwake sikuli muzitsulo zamadzimadzi; zili m'zonse zomwe zimachitika kale ndi pambuyo pake. Zili mu geometry yomwe imapangitsa nkhungu yamchenga kukhala yosatheka, alloy yomwe imalimbana ndi kuchepa kulikonse, ndi makina opangira pambuyo omwe amasintha kuponyera koyipa kukhala gawo logwira ntchito. Ngati mukungoganizira za kusungunuka ndi kuthira, mwatsala kale.
Zoyambira Zenizeni: Geometry ndi Mfumu
Mumapeza zojambula, kapena mwina chitsanzo cha 3D. Funso loyamba si aloyi chiyani? koma tipanga bwanji nkhungu izi? Gawo lomwe lili ndi ngalande zakuya, zolowera pansi, kapena makoma owonda moyandikana ndi zigawo zazikuluzikulu, ndipamene vuto limayambira. Ndi kuponya mchenga, nthawi zambiri mumakhala opanda mwayi. Mufunika nkhungu yomwe imatha kujambula zambiri, ndipo ndipamene njira zimatero kuponya ndalama bwerani. Mumapanga nkhungu mozungulira sera kapena mawonekedwe osindikizidwa a 3D, kenako ndikusungunulani. Zimakupatsani ufulu, koma ndi kuvina kwapang'onopang'ono, kosamala. Ngongole iliyonse, zolemba zilizonse, malo aliwonse otentha ayenera kuganiziridwa panthawiyi. Pezani zolakwika, ndipo aloyi yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi sichingakupulumutseni.
Ndikukumbukira chitsanzo cha turbine blade chomwe tidagwirapo zaka zapitazo. Mawonekedwe a airfoil anali opatsidwa, okhotakhota okongola. Koma njira zozizira zamkati? Adapangidwa ndi mainjiniya wanzeru wotenthetsera yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha zero. Ziphuphu za sera zomwe zimafunikira kupanga ngalandezo zinali zosalimba kwambiri moti zimatha kugwa chifukwa cha matope a ceramic. Tidakhala milungu ingapo kupita mtsogolo, kusuntha ma diameter a tchanelo ndi ma radii osinthika, osati chifukwa chakuyenda bwino kwa mpweya, koma kuumbika. Ndiko kukambirana kobisika mkati zovuta zitsulo kuponyera.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira musitolo. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi angapo chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama, wawonapo zikwi zambiri za ma geometries amenewa. Amakhala ndi chidziwitso cha zomwe nkhungu imatha kulekerera. Sikuti mapulogalamu kayeseleledwe; ndikumva m'matumbo momwe ceramic imayendera pozungulira pachimake, kapena momwe chitsulo chimakokera panthawi yolimba. Inu simungakhoze kunamiza izo.
The Material Maze: Si Chitsulo Chabe
Chabwino, ndiye mwaphwanya nkhungu. Tsopano, kodi mumatsanulira chiyani mmenemo? Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mawu opanda tanthauzo pano. Kodi tikulankhula 304 za dzimbiri? 316 za m'madzi? Kapena kodi tili m'gawo la 17-4 PH, lomwe limafunikira chithandizo cha kutentha kuti likwaniritse mphamvu zake? Kusankha kumayang'anira chilichonse: kuthira kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kulimbitsa, mtundu wa zokwera zomwe muyenera kudyetsa kuchepa.
Zilombo zenizeni ndizozitsulo zapadera. Ma superalloys opangidwa ndi nickel kapena cobalt azamlengalenga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuvala. Izi sizinangosungunuka; iwo apangidwa. Ndi ma viscous, ali ndi chizolowezi choyipa chopanga magawo olimba, osasunthika ngati ataziziritsidwa molakwika, ndipo amadya kudzera pamizere yolumikizira. Kuponya zimenezi kuli ngati kuchita opaleshoni pamene wodwalayo ali pamoto. M'mphepete mwa zolakwika ndi zochepa. Kutchulidwa kwa QSY pogwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera awa sikungowonjezera; ndi chidziwitso cha kuthekera. Zikutanthauza kuti ayika ndalama muukadaulo wa ng'anjo, zowongolera zitsulo, ndi zida zomangira kuti zigwire ntchito yotere.
Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo pa nyumba yopopera yomwe imagwira ntchito zowononga. Tinatchula duplex chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Pa pepala, mwangwiro. Koma kuwongolera kwathu kolimba kunatha - pang'ono chabe. Chotsatira chake chinali chiŵerengero cha gawo lopanda malire m'magawo ovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusokoneza chloride. Gawoli linkawoneka bwino, lopambana macheke, koma linali lofooka kwenikweni. Kulephera kunali muzitsulo zazitsulo, zosaoneka ndi maso. Ndilo gawo lachiwiri la zovuta.
Mlatho Wogwira Ntchito: CNC Machining monga Gawo la Njirayi
Nayi malingaliro olakwika akulu: kupanga ndi kukonza ndi ntchito zosiyana. Kwa magawo ovuta, ndi machitidwe awiri a sewero limodzi. Simungathe kupanga zoponya popanda kudziwa momwe zidzachitikire mu mphero ya 5-axis. Maonekedwe okongola, achilengedwe nthawi zambiri sasiya malo athyathyathya kuti atseke. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupanga ndi kuponyera zikwama zoyikirapo nsembe, mabwana olinganiza, kapena mabowo a datum omwe adzasinthidwe pomaliza.
Kuphatikiza uku ndikofunika kwambiri. Chopeza chomwe chilinso ndi m'nyumba CNC makina, monga QSY, ili ndi mwayi waukulu. Akatswiri awo opanga makina amalankhula ndi opanga mapulogalamu awo tsiku lililonse. Amamvetsetsa kuti kudumpha pang'ono ku makulidwe a khoma kumbali yoponyera kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa kukhazikitsidwa kophweka kwa 3-axis ndi maloto owopsa azokonza ndi 5-axis contouring. Amapanga kupanga manufacturability pamayendedwe onse.
Nthawi ina tinali ndi valavu yomwe nkhope zosindikizira zinali zosatheka kuyika makina chifukwa ma geometry amkati amkati adapanga kugwedezeka kwa ma harmonic panthawi ya mphero. Yankho lake silinali kukonza makina; inali kukonzanso nthiti zamkati za kuponyedwa komweko kuti ziwonjezeke. Chopangira chojambula chokha chikanangotumiza gawo losindikiza lomwe silinathe kumalizidwa. Sitolo yophatikizika imathetsa vuto lenileni.
Kumene Zinthu Zikusokonekera: Nkhani ya Gating ndi Kudyetsa
Izi ndizojambula zenizeni zamdima. Gating - dongosolo lamakina omwe amatsogolera zitsulo mu nkhungu - ndi kudyetsa - kugwiritsa ntchito zokwera zachitsulo chosungunula kubwezera kuchepa - ndipamene chiphunzitso chimakumana ndi zovuta zenizeni. Mutha kufanizira, koma kuyerekezera kumakhala kofanana ndi zolowetsa zanu zakuthupi, ndipo zomwe zimasintha ndi kutentha kwatsopano kwachitsulo.
Cholinga chake ndi kulimbitsa molunjika: mukufuna kuti gawolo likhazikike kuchokera kutali kwambiri, nsonga zoonda kwambiri kubwerera ku chokwera, chomwe chimakhala chosungunuka motalika kwambiri. Ngati chiwuma mwachisawawa, mumapeza shrinkage porosity. Zing'onozing'ono zamkati zomwe zimapha kupanikizika kapena kutopa. Kwa mawonekedwe ovuta, kukwaniritsa njira iyi ndizovuta. Nthawi zina mumafunika zokwera zingapo m'malo odabwitsa. Nthawi zina mumagwiritsa ntchito manja otsekereza kapena mapepala otulutsa mpweya pazinyalala kuti zitenthe. Ndi zida za zidule.
Ndawonapo zojambula zomwe zinali zopanda chilema kunja koma, pamene X-ray, zinkawoneka ngati tchizi cha Swiss mkati chifukwa kudyetsa kunali kolakwika. Gawoli lidapitilira kuyang'ana kowoneka koma likadalephera muutumiki modabwitsa. Woyambitsa woyenera adzakhala ndi protocol yolimba ya NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) pazifukwa zake zenizeni. Sizowonjezera; ndi sitepe pachimake aliyense zovuta zitsulo kuponyera zodzinenera kuti ndi zomangika kapena zopatsa mphamvu.
The Human Factor: Dziwani ngati Ultimate Algorithm
Pomaliza, pambuyo pa zokambirana zonse zaukadaulo, zimatsikira kwa anthu. Mapulogalamu sangathe kuwerengera mokwanira nkhungu yonyowa pang'ono, gulu la aloyi lomwe lili ndi zinthu zowunikira kumapeto kwenikweni, kapena momwe chigoba cha ceramic chimatha kusweka pakathira mwachangu. Apa ndipamene zaka 30 za gulu ngati nkhani za QSY. Ndi kuzindikira mawonekedwe. Ndi woyendetsa ng'anjo wakale yemwe amatha kumva kusintha kwa phokoso la ng'anjo ndikusintha kutentha kwa thermocouple asanalembetse. Ndi manejala wabwino yemwe amadziwa kuti pazitsulo za faifi tambala iyi, muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi yozizira mu nkhungu ndi 20% pamasiku achinyezi achilimwe.
Izi zimasintha sitolo kuchokera ku ntchito yothira zitsulo kukhala yopereka mayankho. Amasiya kukhala otengera madongosolo ndikuyamba kukhala alangizi. Adzakankhira kumbuyo ku pulani, kuwonetsa kusintha kwazinthu komwe kumapulumutsa mtengo popanda kusokoneza ntchito, kapena kupangira njira ina yopangira. Pamene mukulimbana ndi zovuta zenizeni, mgwirizano uwu ndi chinthu chokha chomwe chimatsimikizira kupambana. Sikuti mukungogula zowonera; inu mukugula chiweruzo chochuluka icho. Ndipo pankhaniyi, chiweruzo chimenecho, chopangidwa kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndi matani osawerengeka azitsulo, ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali.
