Anthu ambiri akamva 'kujambula mwamakonda mwamakonda', amawonetsa gawo langwiro, lonyezimira lomwe likufika m'bokosi, ndendende motsata ndondomeko. Chowonadi ndi cha messier, chobwerezabwereza, komanso moona mtima, kumene ntchito yeniyeni imachitika. Sikuti amangopanga nkhungu kuchokera ku 3D model; ndi kukambirana pakati pa cholinga cha mapangidwe ndi maziko a physics, njira yomwe 'kulondola' kumapezedwa kupyolera mu kunyengerera ndi chidziwitso chakuya, osati kungosanjidwa mu makina.
Masewera a Zipolopolo: Zoposa Mchenga Wokha
Tiyeni tikambirane za kuponya nkhungu ya chipolopolo, imodzi mwa njira zathu zazikulu pa QSY. Mawuwo palokha ndi olakwika pang'ono kwa anthu akunja - osati kukhala osalimba. Zili pafupi kumanga chigoba cha ceramic ndi chosanjikiza, njira yomwe imamveka ngati yaluso. Kulondola apa ndi mu slurry viscosity, kukula kwa njere za stucco, malo oyanikapo. Pezani cholakwika chimodzi, ndipo kukhazikika kwanu kumawomberedwa. Tawona zojambula zokhala ndi makoma okongola, owonda omwe sangathe kupirira kutentha akamathira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ming'alu kapena kudzaza kosakwanira. Ndilo vuto loyamba losintha mwamakonda: kusintha kapangidwe kake kuti kapangidwe popanda kusokoneza ntchito yake. Nthawi zina izi zikutanthawuza kuwonjezera zolemba zobisika, kapena kukambirana ndime yokhuthala pang'ono. Chitsanzo chabwino cha CAD cha kasitomala nthawi zambiri chimakumana ndi cheke chake choyamba apa.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yomanga nyumba yapampu muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri. Wofuna chithandizo ankafuna njira zovuta kwambiri zamkati. Njira yopangira zipolopolo imatha kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, koma vuto linali aloyi yokhayokha - mawonekedwe ake olimba a shrinkage anali ovuta. Tinayenera kudutsa katatu kamangidwe ka kukwera ndi mageti, ndikutsegula mwatsatanetsatane zojambulazo kuti tiwone momwe zitsulo zimayendera ndi kucheperachepera. Dongosolo lomaliza la gating silinkawoneka ngati buku lakale. Ndiko kulondola mwamakonda: ndondomekoyi imagwirizana ndi geometry yeniyeni ndi zinthu zenizeni. Simungathe kuwalekanitsa awiriwo.
Izi zimadzetsa vuto lodziwika bwino: kufotokoza mopambanitsa kulolerana. Mainjiniya amakonda kuphimba chojambula cholimba cha ISO 2768-mK. Koma pazigawo zazikulu kapena zovuta zopangidwa ndi zipolopolo, zokhala ndi ± 0.5mm kulolerana kudutsa 500mm ndi chilombo chosiyana ndi pa bulaketi yaying'ono. Nthawi zambiri timayenera kukankhira m'mbuyo, kufotokoza komwe kusiyana kwachilengedwe kudzachitike chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhungu kapena kutsika, komanso komwe titha kukhala olondola kwambiri kudzera munjira zolamulidwa. Ndi za kugwiritsa ntchito molondola kumene kuli kofunikira, osati kulikonse.
Investment Casting: Detail Devil
Tsopano, kuponya ndalama (kutaya-sera) ndi komwe mumapita kuti mupeze zinthu zovuta kwambiri - ganizirani masamba a turbine, zida zopangira opaleshoni. Jekeseni wa sera ndi luso lake lakuda. Kuthamanga, kutentha, ndi kuzizira kumatsimikizira kukula kwa sera, komwe kumamasulira mwachindunji ku gawo lachitsulo. Kupsinjika kulikonse mu sera kumawonekera pambuyo pake. Nthawi ina tinali ndi magawo a zigawo za m'madzi momwe phula linkawoneka bwino, koma pambuyo pothira phula, ming'alu ya tsitsi yabwino idawonekera mu chipolopolo. Wolakwa? Kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa chinyezi cha msonkhano panthawi ya sera, kuchititsa kuzizirira kosiyana. Kachinthu kakang'ono ka chilengedwe kamene kadasokoneza gulu lonse. Kusintha mwamakonda apa kumatanthauza kuwongolera zosinthika zilizonse mu unyolo, nthawi zambiri kupanga zosungira zachilengedwe munjira zomwe sizili m'buku lililonse.
Kusankha kwakuthupi kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Patsamba lathu, tsngtaocnc.com, timalemba ntchito ndi ma alloys apadera ngati opangidwa ndi faifi tambala. Izi sizongolowetsamo zitsulo. Kutentha kothira kwa nickel-based superalloy ndikokwera kwambiri, komwe kumakhudza machitidwe a chipolopolo - pamafunika kulimba kwambiri. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa alloy post-casting kumasiyananso. Ngati mudapanga zida za gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikusinthira mwadzidzidzi ku aloyi ya cobalt osasintha makulidwe a sera kuti mubwezere chinthu chocheperako, kuponya kwanu 'kolondola' kudzakhala kukula kolakwika. Makonda amawotchera m'mapangidwe oyamba a zida, odziwitsidwa ndi alloy.
Pambuyo pojambula, ulendo sunathe. Ndi magawo opangira ndalama, makamaka pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mumayang'ana HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) kuti mutseke micro-porosity yamkati. Ichi ndi sitepe ina yokambirana. Zimawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi, koma pazinthu zomwe zikukumana ndi kutopa, sizingakambirane. Kusankha izi ndi kasitomala ndi gawo lamayendedwe achizolowezi.
CNC Machining: Wothandizira Wofunika
Apa ndipamene mtundu wa utumiki wa Qingdao Qiangsenyuan umamveka. Ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi 'net-shape' okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ambiri ali ndi malo ovuta, nkhope zokwerera, kapena mabowo opangidwa ndi ulusi omwe amafunikira makina. Synergy ndi yofunika kwambiri. Gulu lathu lopanga makina likudziwa momwe gulu lathu loyambira limagwirira ntchito. Amadziwa komwe angayembekezere mizere yolekanitsa, kusokonekera pang'ono, kapena komwe masheya owonjezera amaperekedwa modalirika. Kupereka kwamkati uku ndi gawo lalikulu lakupereka gawo lomaliza.
Tinapanga matupi a valve muzitsulo zotayidwa posachedwa. Malo okhala ngati-cast anali abwino, koma mawonekedwe a bolo la flange ndi malo osindikizira amafunikira kusanja kotheratu komanso kulondola kwamalo. Chifukwa tidachita zonse ziwiri, titha kupanga zojambulazo ndi zida zophatikizika zamakina - mapepala ang'onoang'ono omwe amapangidwa kuti makina a CNC atseke ndikuwongolera. Iyi ndi njira yobisika koma yamphamvu yosinthira mwamakonda. Sikungopanga gawo; ikupanga ulendo wonse kuchokera kuzitsulo zosungunula mpaka kutha bwino. Malo ogulitsa makina akunja sangakhale ndi chidziwitso chimenecho, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto okonza ndi kutaya.
Kusankhidwa kwa magawo a makina kumatengeranso momwe akuponyera. Gawo lazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 17-4PH lidzadulidwa mosiyana ndi imodzi mu 316L. Zaka zathu 30 mukupanga ndi kupanga zikutanthawuza kuti tapanga laibulale ya magawowa, omwe ndi gawo lina losaoneka la 'kulondola'—kulondola kwa chidziwitso cha ndondomeko.
Zida Zazida: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Mkombero Wothira
Kunena za zida, mndandanda womwe uli patsamba lathu loyambira - chitsulo chotayidwa, chitsulo, chosapanga dzimbiri, ma aloyi apadera - si mndandanda chabe. Banja lililonse limachita zinthu ngati nyama yosiyana. Chitsulo chotuwira chimayenda bwino ndipo chimakhululukira, koma chimakhala chosasunthika. Ductile iron imawonjezera kusintha kwamankhwala a magnesium. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka mndandanda wa austenitic 300, zimachucha kwambiri ndipo zimatha kung'ambika ngati nkhunguyo siimawonekera.
Ma alloys apadera, monga opangidwa ndi nickel, ali mu mgwirizano wawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo owopsa: kutentha kwambiri, dzimbiri. Koma zenera lawo loponya ndi lopapatiza. Kusungunula kuyenera kukhala koyera, liwiro la kuthira ndendende, komanso kutentha kwa nkhungu kupewedwera kuzizira msanga. Tidaphunzira izi movutirapo ndi NiCrMo alloy. The chemistry anali wangwiro, koma makina kuyezetsa analephera. Nkhaniyi inali micro-shrinkage yobalalika ponseponse. Yankho silinali mu chemistry ladle; zinali mu pre-kutentha nkhungu kuti mbiri yeniyeni kulimbikitsa kulimbitsa malangizo. Uwu ndiye mtundu wakusintha kwazinthu zenizeni zomwe zimatanthawuza kutha kwapamwamba makonda mwatsatanetsatane kuponya.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake inu simungakhoze basi mawu kuchokera kulemera ofotokoza mtengo mndandanda wa ntchito izi. Kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko ndi gawo la mtengo. Aloyi yatsopano kapena geometry yowopsa nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza kuyesa kutsanulira, kugawa magawo, NDT, ndi kuyesa kwamakina tisanayatse zobiriwira. Ndilo ndalama zenizeni mwatsatanetsatane.
The Human Factor in Digital process
Ndi zokambirana zonsezi za ndondomeko ndi sayansi yakuthupi, chinthu chaumunthu sichinalowe m'malo. Mapulogalamu oyerekeza ndi abwino—timagwiritsa ntchito—koma ndi kalozera. Kuyitanira komaliza pamapangidwe a gating, kapena kutanthauzira X-ray radiograph kwa vuto la m'malire, kumachokera ku zomwe zachitika. Wopanga mapatani akumva phula chifukwa cha kupsinjika, wogwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo yoyezera chitsulo pamwamba pa meniscus chifukwa cha kutentha koyenera... awa ndi luso losasindikizidwa.
Ndikuganiza zaukadaulo wakale yemwe tili ndi QSY kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri. Akhoza kuyang'ana mtundu wa chitsulo chosungunula mu ng'anjo ndikukuuzani mkati mwazovuta zomwe kutentha kwake kuli, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ngati 'chabata' ndi okonzeka kuthira. Chidziwitso chimenecho, chopangidwa kuti chisawone kutsanulira masauzande ambiri, chimalepheretsa chipwirikiti ndi kutsekeka kwa gasi komwe palibe sensor yomwe ingatetezere. M'nthawi ya ma automation, chidziwitso chachinsinsi ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa maziko. Ndi zomwe zimasandutsa ndondomeko yokhazikika kukhala a makonda mwatsatanetsatane kuponya yankho.
Pamapeto pake, ndi zomwe mawuwa ayenera kutanthauza. Si mzere wazinthu wamba. Ndilo mgwirizano, kuthetsa mavuto omwe amayamba ndi lingaliro ndipo amatha ndi gawo logwira ntchito, lodalirika. Zimakhudzanso kuyang'anira zoyembekeza, kuyankhulana zopinga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro omwe apindula molimbika monga momwe zimakhalira zazitsulo ndi geometry. Kulondola kuli mumgwirizano monga momwe zimapangidwira.
