Anthu ambiri akamva 'machining olondola kwambiri' amawona mphero yayikulu ya CNC ikutulutsa gawo, ndipo ndi momwemo. Chowonadi ndi choyipa kwambiri. Vuto lenileni sikungokulitsa, kapenanso kulipanga molondola mu labu. Imagwira kulondola koteroko-chakhumi, nthawi zina ngakhale kulekerera kwakhumi-kudutsa gawo lalikulu la galimoto yaying'ono, itatha kumasulidwa kuchokera pamakina, kutumizidwa kuwoloka nyanja, ndikuyendetsedwa ndi matenthedwe enieni a dziko lapansi ndi katundu. Ndipamene buku limathera ndipo zochitika zapansi za sitolo zimayambira.
Maziko: Zimayamba Pamaso pa Makina
Simungalankhule za kulondola pamlingo osalankhula za zinthu zoyambira. Ichi ndi mbuna wamba. Makasitomala amatumiza chithunzi chokongola cha 3D chanyumba yayikulu yama gearbox, kutchula 316 zosapanga dzimbiri. Koma ngati kuponyera kwaiwisi sikumveka - ngati kuli ndi kuchepa kwa mkati, madontho olimba, kapena kupanikizika kotsalira kuchokera ku kuzizira - mukulimbana ndi nkhondo yolephera. Kudula koyamba kungakhale kwabwino, koma mukachotsa zinthu ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika, zonse zimatha kupindika ngati chipu cha mbatata. Ine ndaziwona izo zikuchitika. Ndicho chifukwa chake mgwirizano wa foundry ndi wosagwirizana.
Apa ndipamene mphamvu ya kampani yogwira ntchito zonse imakhala yovuta. Tengani Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Ndi mbiri yawo yazaka 30 mu zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, amapeza izi. Mfundo yakuti iwo amachita zonse kuponyera ndi makina olondola kwambiri pansi pa denga limodzi simalo ogulitsa; ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chowongolera. Iwo akhoza kufotokoza ndondomeko akamaumba, gating, kutentha mankhwala kwa mpumulo kupsinjika makamaka Machining amene adzatsatira. Panthawi yomwe kuponyedwa kwakukulu ngati turbine manifold kapena thupi lapope kumafika pamakina awo tsngtaocnc.com, zambiri za kuthekera kwa tsoka zapangidwa kale. Ndicho chinachake chimene mumangoyamikira mutachita ndi wogulitsa woipa.
Chosankha chakuthupi chokha ndi wosanjikiza wina. Kugwira ntchito ndi zida zomwe zalembedwa monga ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi kumabweretsa mavuto ake. Ma alloys awa amagwira ntchito mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu, simukungoyika ma feed ndi liwiro kamodzi. Nthawi zonse mumayang'anitsitsa kavalidwe ka zida, kusintha kukula kwa kutentha kwa gawo ndi makina, ndipo nthawi zina mumakonzekera njira zochepetsera nkhawa. Ndi njira yosinthira, osati kukhazikitsa-kuyiwala-kuyiwala.
Kuvina kwa Fixturing ndi Metrology
Kukonza kuponya kwa matani 3 sikungowakhomerera molimba momwe mungathere. Liwunikizeni kwambiri, ndipo mumayambitsa kupsinjika komwe kumabwereranso mukamasulidwa, kupha kusanja kwanu kapena kusayenda bwino. Pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mumacheza, kugwedezeka, ndikuwonongeka kwapamtunda. Cholinga chake ndikuchithandizira m'njira yotsanzira malo ake omaliza, okhazikitsidwa momwe angathere. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito ma modular, zosinthika zosinthika zokhala ndi ma hydraulic clamping pamagulu akulu, koma kumodzi, kumatha kukhala chithunzithunzi cha midadada, ma shim, ndi ma bolting anzeru.
Metrology ndi theka lina la kuvina uku. Simungayang'ane bore la 2 mita ndi muyezo wamba. Timadalira ma tracker a laser ndi zida zonyamulika za CMM kuti zitsimikizire. Koma nayi mfundo yobisika: muyenera kulola gawolo kuti likhazikike pakutentha kozungulira mu shopu musanayese zomaliza. Gawo latsopano pamakina, litanyowa ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, limatha kutentha madigiri angapo kuposa mpweya. Mtsinje wotenthawo ndi wokwanira kuponya mbali yayikulu papepala, ngakhale ikugwira ntchito bwino. Kudziwa nthawi yoyezera ndikofunikira monga kudziwa kuyeza.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito yopangira mbale yayikulu yomaliza ya kompresa. Flatness spec inali yankhanza. Tinazipanga makina, kuziyeza kuti zizizizira, ndipo zinali zangwiro. Wofuna chithandizoyo anachiyendera, ndipo chinalephera. Zinapezeka kuti adaziyeza mu labu yoyendetsedwa ndi 20 ° C, pomwe shopu yathu inali pa 24 ° C. Kusiyana kwa madigiri anayi kupyola mulu wachitsulo umenewo kunali kokwanira. Phunziro: tsopano, pazinthu zovuta, sitimangoyang'anira malo opangira makina komanso timafotokozera kutentha kwa muyeso mu lipoti lomaliza loyendera. Ndizing'onozing'ono, zosadziwika bwino zomwe zimalekanitsa gawo logwira ntchito ndi lolondola.
Tooling ndi Long Cut
Chida njira njira kwa makina olondola kwambiri ndi chirombo chosiyana. Izo osati za yachangu zinthu kuchotsa mlingo. Ndi za kuyang'anira kutentha, kupatuka kwa zida pamtunda wautali, ndikukhalabe osasinthasintha pagawo lodula lomwe limatha maola 40 osayimitsa. Mudzagwiritsa ntchito mphero ya kumaso ya 50mm poyimitsa, koma kuti mutsirize kusindikiza kofunikirako, mutha kusinthana ndi mphero yaying'ono, ya helix yayitali yomwe ikuyenda ndi njira ya trochoidal kuti muchepetse mphamvu yakumbuyo ndikuwonjezera kutentha.
Kulipira zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida kumakhala ntchito yayikulu yopangira. Simungakwanitse kugula chida chothyola kapena kutha mwangozi pakati pa maola 30 omaliza pagawo lazamlengalenga la monolithic. Timakonza kusintha kwa zida zokhazikika potengera kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zachotsedwa, osati nthawi yokha, ndipo nthawi zonse timakhala ndi chida chamlongo chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa kale pachosungira, chokonzekera CNC kuti izingoyimba zokha. Kupuma pamakina okhala ndi tebulo la mita 4 ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kutumiza kozizira ndi ngwazi ina yosadziwika. Pamakina akuya kapena mabowo oboola atali m'mbali zazikulu, zoziziritsa kukhosi zimafunikira. Koma iyenera kukhala yothamanga kwambiri ndi kusefedwa. Kachidutswa kamodzi kotsekera kanjira kozizirirako kungayambitse kutha kwa kutentha, kulephera kwa zida, ndi gawo lophwanyika landalama zambiri. Timayendetsa machitidwe osefera apawiri ndikuwunika kutsika kwamphamvu pamizere ngati gawo la mndandanda watsiku ndi tsiku.
Zinthu Zikakhala Molakwika (Ndipo Amachita)
Kulephera ndiye mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri, ngakhale wokwera mtengo. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yanga, tinali kupanga chowotcherera chachikulu chopangira chimango. Kusindikizaku kunafuna kuti pakhale mapepala angapo opangidwa molondola pamankho angapo. Tidapanga nkhope iliyonse mwanjira ina, kutengera zomwe zidapangidwa kale. Zinaoneka zomveka. Chotsatira chake chinali nkhani yachikale ya kulolerana kutukuka. Payekha, pad iliyonse inali mkati mwake. Pamodzi, chitsanzocho chinatuluka ndi kupitirira millimeter. Gawolo linali lopanda ntchito.
Kukonzekera, komwe kukuwoneka kodziwikiratu, kunali kuyika ndalama mu makina a 5-axis okhala ndi envulopu yayikulu yokwanira kuti azitha makina ambiri ovuta momwe angathere pakukhazikitsa kamodzi. Izi zimachepetsa zolakwika zosamutsa deta. Kwa kampani ngati QSY, yopereka ma 5-axis makina olondola kwambiri sizongokhudza mikombero yovuta; kwenikweni ndi kupewa zolakwika ndi kukhala ndi kulolerana koona kudera lalikulu. Ndi kuthekera komwe kumathetsa mavuto omwe mumangodziwa kuti muli nawo mutalephera popanda iwo.
Chokumana nacho china chophunzirira chinali ndi silinda yayikulu ya Inconel. Tidakwaniritsa zofananira zonse, koma kumaliza kwake kwa bore kunali kosagwirizana, kuwonetsa macheza pang'ono. Idapambana mayeso a Ra koma idalephera kuyang'ana motsatana ndi utoto poyang'aniridwa ndi kasitomala - misozi yaying'ono kuchokera ku vibration. Yankho lake linali njira ya masitepe ambiri: chiphaso chomaliza, kenako kumasula ndikumangiriranso kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kulikonse komwe kumapangidwa ndi makina, kutsatiridwa ndi kasupe komaliza, kopepuka kwambiri kasupe wokhala ndi bala yatsopano yotopetsa. Maola owonjezera a 8 a nthawi yamakina adapulumutsa gawolo. Nthawi zina, kulondola kumafuna kuleza mtima komwe sikuli pa mawu oyamba.
The Human Factor ndi The Final Verdict
Ngakhale ma automation onse, gawo ili likudalirabe makina odziwa ntchito komanso opanga mapulogalamu. Pulogalamuyi imatha kupanga njira yolumikizira zida, koma wodziwa ntchito amadziwa nthawi yoti asinthe - kuwonjezera pokhala pano, kusintha njira yolowera pamenepo, kutsata magwiridwe antchito m'njira yosagwirizana kuti akhalebe okhazikika. Wogwiritsa ntchito makina amayenera kumvetsera kudulidwa, kuyang'ana mtundu wa chip ndi mawonekedwe, ndikudziwa kusiyana pakati pa phokoso la kudulidwa kwathanzi ndi kuyamba kwa vuto.
Chigamulo chomaliza pa gawo lalikulu lopangidwa molondola nthawi zambiri limachitika pamalo a kasitomala panthawi yoyika. Ndiwo mayeso enieni. Kodi imamangirira mpaka pokwerera popanda mphamvu? Kodi ma shaft amalumikizana? Kodi mpando wosindikizira bwino? Pamene izo zitero, ndi chigonjetso chachete. Zimatsimikizira unyolo wonse-kuchokera ku khalidwe loponyera pa maziko, kupyolera mukukonzekera mwachidwi, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera, kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe, ndi luso la anthu omwe akugwira ntchitoyo.
Kuyang'ana zonse zomwe wopereka amapereka ndizofunikira. Sitolo ngati ili kumbuyo tsngtaocnc.com, ndi mizu yake yozama muzitsulo ndi kuponyedwa, kumabweretsa kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kumeneko. Iwo sali chabe kudula zitsulo; amayang'anira machitidwe onse a zinthu kuchokera kumadzi kupita ku gawo lomaliza. Pomaliza, makina olondola kwambiri palibe opareshoni imodzi. Ndi nzeru yolamulira, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yankhanza komanso chidwi chowoneka bwino, zonse nthawi imodzi. Ndipo mumangofika polakwitsa, kuphunzira zidule, ndikulemekeza njira yonse, osati kachidindo komwe kumayendetsa makinawo.
