Mukamati 'gawo losinthanitsa kutentha', anthu ambiri amajambula chubu kapena zipsepse. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. M'malo mwake, ndi gawo lomwe limatanthauzidwa ndi ntchito yake mkati mwa matenthedwe, ndipo ntchitoyo imadalira pa geometry, kukhulupirika kwazinthu, ndi kulumikizana kwapamtunda. Ndawona zojambula zambiri zomwe zimangoyang'ana pamiyeso yomaliza, ndikunyalanyaza ulendo womwe zitsulo zimatenga kuti zikafike - njira yoponyera, ndalama zopangira makina, kapangidwe kambewu. Ndiko kumene zolephereka zimayambira, osati m'ntchito, koma mwachindunji.
Maziko: Zimayamba ndi Cast
Simungathe kupanga gawo lodalirika kuchokera ku kuponyera koyipa. Izi zikuwoneka zoonekeratu, koma nthawi zonse zimachepetsedwa. Za zigawo zosinthira kutentha monga mitu yovuta, manifolds, kapena jekete zamadzi, ndime zamkati ndizo zonse. Kusintha pang'ono pakatikati pa nthawi chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera amatha kupanga malo owonda omwe amakhala malo olephera pansi pa njinga yamoto yotentha. Tidaphunzira izi koyambirira ndi kapu yomaliza ya kasitomala ya compressor intercooler. Kusindikizaku kumafuna makulidwe apadera a khoma, koma njira yoyamba yopangira mchenga sinathe kukhazikika pachimake chamkati. Chotsatira? Chiwopsezo cha 30% pagulu loyamba mutatha kupanga makina, chifukwa kafukufuku wa CNC adapeza zotsalira. Gawoli linkawoneka bwino kunja, koma linali losokonezeka mkati.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake pazigawo zokhala ndi kupsinjika kapena kutentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri timakankhira makasitomala kuponya ndalama kwa fomu yoyamba. Kulondola kwa dimensional ndi kumaliza kwapamwamba kuyambira koyambira ndikwapamwamba, makamaka kwa njira zovuta zamkati. Inde, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pa chidutswa mu siteji nkhungu, koma mumapulumutsa ndalama zambiri Machining nthawi ndi zinyalala zakuthupi. Mukupatsa pulogalamu ya CNC mwayi womenyana. Ndikukumbukira ntchito mbale kutentha exchanger chimango mu 316L zosapanga dzimbiri kumene lophimba kuchokera anapangidwa kuwotcherera kwa monolithic ndalama kuponyera kudula gawo lonse mtengo ndi pafupifupi 15% pamene inu factored mu kuchotsa pambuyo kuwotcherera kutentha mankhwala ndi kuchepetsedwa Machining akudutsa.
Zosankha zakuthupi pano sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi ndondomekoyi. Kufotokozera a nickel-based alloy ngati Inconel 625 panjira ya gasi yotentha kwambiri? Inu pafupifupi ndithu kuyang'ana pa investment casting. Kuchuluka kwachitsulo munjira imeneyi, kuphatikizika ndi mphamvu yotentha ya alloy, kumakupatsani mwayi woyambira wopanda kanthu kuposa kuyesa makina aliwonse kuchokera pachidacho cholimba. Anthu pa Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. kukhala ndi mfundo pamene akutsindika ntchito yawo ndi izi ma aloyi apadera. Sikungokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zili mgululi; ndi kudziwa momwe zimakhalira panthawi yolimba mu nkhungu zawo za chipolopolo, kuchuluka kwa shrinkage kuyembekezera, komwe kuyika zokwera. Zaka 30 zomwe amatchula poponya si mzere wamalonda; ndizomwe zimachitikira zomwe zimalepheretsa $ 50,000 alloy kusungunuka kuti isasinthe kukhala zidutswa.
The Machining Truth: Kulekerera ndi Kukambirana
Nachi chowonadi china chothandiza: kulolerana pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri kumakhala mndandanda wazofuna, osati mapulani opangira. Wopanga atha kuyitanitsa kulolerana kwa ± 0.02mm pabwalo la bawuti papepala la chubu. Koma ngati gawolo lidzakhala ndi kutentha kwa 150 ° C muutumiki, kodi iwo ayikapo gawo la kukula kwa kutentha kwapadera komweko? chitsulo chachitsulo kalasi? Nthawi zina, kukhala ndi kulekerera kolimba kwambiri kutentha kwachipinda kumatsimikizira vuto lokwanira pakutentha kogwira ntchito. Ntchitoyo imakhala kukambirana-kufotokoza izi, kusonyeza kulolerana kwachindunji, kapena nthawi zina, kufotokozera zinthu zosiyana palimodzi.
CNC makina ndipamene mbali zogwirira ntchito zimabadwira. Nkhope yosindikiza ya gasket, ulusi wa thermowell, poyambira mphete yosindikiza. Kuyankhulana pa opareshoni yoyang'ana, choyikapo chong'ambika pang'ono ndikusiya mtunda wowoneka bwino - izi sizimangokhala zodzikongoletsera. Ndi njira zomwe zitha kutayikira kapena zolimbikitsa kupsinjika. Ndikukumbukira gulu la zipewa zosinthira kutentha komwe poyambira O-ring anali ndi mapeto okongola, koma utali wozungulira pansi unali wopangidwa ndi tsitsi lakuthwa kwambiri malinga ndi njira yopangira zida. Idadutsa QC pa CMM. Zinalephera pakuyesa kukakamiza nthawi zonse, kusweka kuchokera pamenepo. Kukonza sikunali kusintha kwa mapulogalamu; chinali kusinthira ku chida chodzipatulira chodulira poyambira chokhala ndi utali wovomerezeka, osadalira njira ya mphero ya mphuno.
Apa ndi pomwe masitolo ophatikizika amakhala ndi mwayi. Tengani kampani ngati Mtengo wa QSY. Ngati akugwira zonse ziwiri chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi CNC makina m'nyumba, njira yobwereza ndi yaifupi. Wopanga makina amapeza malo olimba kapena porosity yapansi panthaka poponya. M'malo mongochotsa gawolo, chidziwitsocho chimabwereranso ku gulu loyambira pafupi. Iwo akhoza kusintha kutentha kuthira kapena ❖ kuyanika nkhungu kwa mtanda wotsatira. Kuphatikizika kwa njira izi ndikofunikira pazigawo zovuta, zamtengo wapatali. Simukungogula makina opangira makina kapena kuponya; mukugula dongosolo lowongolera ndi kuwongolera.
Zofunika Si Zolemba Zapadera
ASTM A351 CF8M imakuuzani kuti ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chofanana ndi 316. Simakuuzani za ferrite, zomwe zimakhudza kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi machinability. Za a kutentha exchanger gawo kusambitsidwa ndi ma chloride, nambala ya ferrite ndiyofunikira. Nthawi ina tinali ndi vuto la kukokoloka kwa cavitation kumbali yamadzi ya volute yosapanga dzimbiri yomwe inali gawo la kuzungulira kozizirira. Material certs anali angwiro. Kusanthula kwazitsulo kunawonetsa kuti ferrite inali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mtundu wovomerezeka, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa pang'ono komanso yosavuta kuvulazidwa ndi thovu. Woyambitsayo sanachite cholakwika chilichonse, koma gawolo linalephera ntchito yake yeniyeni. Yankho lake linali kukhwimitsa zinthu zathu zamkati ndikugwira ntchito ndi zoyambira kuti ziwongolere chemistry bwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt monga Stellite yoyang'ana pamipando ya valve muzitsulo zotentha za nthunzi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba cha weld. Luso siliri mu kuwotcherera kokha; zili m'makina otsatira a malo olimba kwambiri, osamva ma abrasion popanda kupangitsa ming'alu yaying'ono kapena delamination. Mufunika magiredi oyenera a carbide, kuthamanga koyenera ndi zakudya, komanso kuleza mtima kwakukulu. Ndi luso lofanana ndi sayansi. Kufotokozera kuchokera Tsamba la deta la QSY kutchula ntchito yawo ndi ma aloyi awa akuwonetsa kuthekera uku. Zikutanthauza kuti adutsa zovuta zopanga zida zovutazi pambuyo poponya kapena kuwotcherera, zomwe ndizowonjezera phindu kuposa kungopeza alloy.
Ndipo tiyeni tikambirane za chitsulo chakale cha carbon. Kwa mapulogalamu ambiri osawononga, ndiye ntchito. Koma gawo losinthira kutentha si mtengo wamapangidwe. Thermal conductivity imafunika. Nthawi zina, mpweya wokwera pang'ono ukhoza kukhala wopindulitsa pa mphamvu, koma ukhozanso kupangitsa gawolo kukhala losavuta kupsinjika ndi kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri m'malo ena. Nthawi zonse mumalinganiza katundu. Kusankha sizitsulo chabe; ndi chimene chitsulo, kumene kusungunuka, ankachitira njira pambuyo kuponyera. Kuchiza kutentha kwapambuyo-kuponya-kukhazikika, kusungunula, kutenthetsa-ndikofunikira ngati njira iliyonse yopangira zida zomaliza.
Mdyerekezi Mwatsatanetsatane: Gaskets, Threads, and Finishes
Gawo lalikulu la kulephera kwa gawo silikugwirizana ndi thupi lalikulu. Ili mu mawonekedwe owonjezera. Ulusi wa pulagi ya drain wachotsedwa. Mapeto a pamwamba pa flange sanali ogwirizana ndi spiral-bala gasket, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayikira. Kubowolera kwa thumba la sensor ya kutentha sikunachotsedwe mkati, kumapanga kuletsa kuyenda ndi malo otentha. Izi ndizomwe zimalekanitsa gawo logwira ntchito kuchokera ku lodalirika.
Tengani flange moyang'ana. Kumaliza kokhazikika kwa 125 Ra microinch kungatchulidwe. Koma ngati gasket ndi mtundu wofewa wa graphite, ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Ngati ndi gasket yokhala ndi jekete yachitsulo, ikhoza kukhala yovomerezeka. Katswiri wamakina amayenera kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito komaliza kuti asankhe kuyika koyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuti akwaniritse osati kuchuluka kokha, koma malo ogwirira ntchito. Ndawonapo ma flanges omwe amayesa bwino kwambiri koma otayikira chifukwa chidacho chinasiya kachitidwe kakang'ono kozungulira komwe gasket sikadatha kusindikiza. Kukonzekera kunali komaliza, kopepuka kwambiri kokhala ndi cholumikizira chapadera kuti apange mawonekedwe ofananirako ophatikizika.
Ndi ulusi. Mavuto ambiri. Kwa makina oponderezedwa, ulusi wowongoka wokhala ndi mphete ya O nthawi zambiri umakhala wotetezeka kuposa ulusi wapaipi wopindika, womwe umadalira zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zosindikizira. Koma ngati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito NPT, kuya ndi kutsetsereka kwa dzenje loponyedwa ndikofunikira. Pansi-pampopi, ndipo mumayika pachiwopsezo chophwanyira gawolo pomwe chotchingiracho chikumangidwa kuti mutseke chisindikizo. Ingoigwirani mopitirira muyeso, ndipo mulibe chinkhoswe chokwanira. Mchitidwe wabwino ndikupereka magawo ovutawa ndi zoyikapo kale ndi zomangika kuti zitchulidwe, kapena osachepera, kuti mupatse kasitomala woyezera. Zimathetsa kusintha kwakukulu m'munda.
Kuyang'ana Pa Zonse, Osati Mbali Yokha
Pomaliza, a kutentha exchanger gawo palibe kudzipatula. Kuchita kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi magawo omwe amalumikizana nawo. Tikatenga pulojekiti, makamaka yolowa m'malo kapena gawo lobwezeretsanso, timayesa kuyika manja athu pa gawo lokweretsa ngati n'kotheka. Kuyeza chibowo chenicheni cha chipolopolo chosinthanitsa, kusalala kwa flange yotsutsana. Chifukwa nthawi zina, muyenera kuyika gawo lanu kuti ligwirizane ndi zenizeni za dongosolo, osati loyenera pazithunzi zakale, zozimiririka.
Malingaliro onsewa ndi omwe amatanthauzira katswiri. Sizokhudza kuyendetsa makina a CNC. Ndi za kumvetsetsa kufalikira kwa matenthedwe, mphamvu zamadzimadzi, njira zowononga dzimbiri, ndi makina ophatikizira. Ndizokhudza kudziwa kuti kuponya kokongola, kowoneka bwino kumatha kuonongeka ndi njira imodzi yaukali yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kupsinjika kotsalira, komwe kumawonekera ngati kupotoza panthawi yoyamba kutentha. Cholinga ndikupereka gawo lomwe limasowa m'dongosolo - limangogwira ntchito, kuzungulira mozungulira, popanda sewero.
Ndicho mankhwala enieni. Osati chidutswa chachitsulo, koma kudalirika. Mashopu omwe akhala akudutsa mozungulira, monga Mtengo wa QSY ndi zaka zawo mu kupopera ndi makina, alowetsa izi. Iwo ayenera kuti awona zolephera, akonza, ndipo adapanga laibulale yosaoneka ya zomwe sayenera kuchita. Pamene mukuyang'ana chinthu chofunika kwambiri, mbiriyo, kusamala kozikika ndi maganizo othetsa mavuto, nthawi zambiri imakhala yamtengo wapatali kuposa mtengo wotsika kwambiri pa chidutswa chilichonse. Chifukwa mtengo wa kulephera m'munda-nthawi yocheperako, kutayika kopanga, zovuta zachitetezo - zimachulukitsa mtengo woyambira nthawi iliyonse.
