Anthu ambiri akamva za 'zigawo zopirira kutentha kwambiri', nthawi yomweyo amangoganiza za mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zili mu Inconel 718, Hastelloy X. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri kwakukulu. Tsamba lachidziwitso ndi mzere woyamba. Vuto lenileni limayamba mukatenga alloy yangwiroyo ndikuyenera kuyisintha kukhala gawo logwira ntchito lomwe limapulumuka osati kutentha kokha, koma kupalasa njinga zamoto, ma oxidation, kupsinjika, komanso nthawi zina mpweya wowononga, zonse mwakamodzi. Ndawona ma projekiti ambiri akuyimitsidwa chifukwa cholinga chake chinali pa satifiketi ya zinthu, osati paulendo wonse kuchokera ku billet kupita ku gawo loyikidwa.
Manufacturing Reality Check
Tiyeni tikambirane za kuponya, makamaka kwa ma geometries ovuta. Simungathe kutsanulira aloyi iliyonse yotentha kwambiri mu nkhungu iliyonse ndikuyembekeza zabwino. Ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe olimba ndi chilichonse. Ngati mulakwitsa, mumatha kukhala ndi micro-shrinkage kapena misozi yotentha yomwe imatha kuyang'anitsitsa koma idzalephera pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha muutumiki. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira zaka zapitazo pazachiwonetsero zanyumba za turbine. Zolembazo zinali zangwiro pamapepala, koma njira yoponyerayo inayambitsa zolakwika zamkati zomwe zimangowonekera pambuyo pa matenthedwe pafupifupi 50 pakuyesa-phunziro lokwera mtengo pakuyenereza ntchitoyi, osati zinthu zokha.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira foundry zimakhala zosakambilana. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu mu zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama, akumvetsa izi mwachidwi. Webusaiti yawo, tsngtaocnc.com, amalemba ntchito zawo ndi cobalt ndi nickel-based alloys. Mfungulo sikuti amazilemba; ndiye kuti mwachiwonekere apanga makina olowera ndikutsanulira magawo kuti ma aloyiwo azikhala bwino. Kwa gawo losasunthika kwambiri, kapangidwe kake monga-cast ndiye mzere wanu woyamba wachitetezo. Kuchita bwino kumafuna kusakanikirana kwa luso ndi sayansi zomwe mumangopeza kuchokera mobwerezabwereza, nthawi zambiri zowawa, kuyesa ndi zolakwika.
Kenako pamabwera makina. Kukonza superalloy yotentha kwambiri ndi chilombo chosiyana palimodzi. Sizili ngati chitsulo. Ma alloys awa amagwira ntchito mwachangu. Ngati chida chanu, liwiro, kapena chakudya chazimitsidwa, sikuti mukungotaya chida - mukusintha kukhulupirika kwa gawolo, ndikupanga kusanjika kwa zinthu zong'ambika, zong'ambika zomwe zimakhala malo oyambira kulephera kutentha. Kusankha koziziritsa komanso kukakamizidwa kwa ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pano kuti zithetse kutentha pa mawonekedwe odulira. Ndiko kusamala pakati pakuchotsa zinthu ndikusawononga gawo lomwe mukuyesera kusunga.
Mdyerekezi mu Tsatanetsatane wa Ntchito
Kutanthauzira 'kutentha kwapamwamba' ndi sitepe yoyamba yovuta. Kodi ndi 800 ° C mosalekeza? Kapena 1100 ° C mukuphulika kwakanthawi? Kusiyanasiyana kumatengera chilichonse. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kosalekeza, kukana kwa okosijeni nthawi zambiri kumakhala chinthu cholepheretsa. Mungafunike chithandizo chapadera kapena kuganizira za banja lina la alloy. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma cyclic, monga mumayendedwe otulutsa mpweya, kutopa kwamafuta ndikokupha. Apa, coefficient ya zinthu za kukula kwa matenthedwe ndi mphamvu zake zokwawa ndizo nyenyezi zawonetsero. Chigawo chomwe sichisuntha kwambiri ndi kutentha chikhoza kusweka chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo.
Ndimakumbukira gawo la valve la mzere wopangira mankhwala. Zakuthupi zinali muyezo wapamwamba kutentha zosapanga dzimbiri. Inapambana mayeso onse oyambilira a kutentha kwapakati. Koma m’chomera chenichenicho, chinazimitsidwa mofulumira chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa zinthu—kutulutsa madzi ozizira modzidzimutsa. Kugwedezeka kwamafuta komweko kudapanga ming'alu yatsitsi yomwe palibe amene adaganiza zoyesa. Kukonzekera sikunali kophatikizana kodabwitsa, koma kukonzanso ku geometry yokhululuka pang'ono ndikusinthira kugiredi yokhala ndi kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta. Malo enieni a pulogalamuyo, osati malo abwino pachijambuliro, adayankha yankho.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kulumikizana ndi wopanga ndikofunikira. Pamene mukufufuza, sikuti mukungogula gawo; mukugula luso lawo lothana ndi mavuto. Muyenera kunena kuti, Izi ziwona kuzungulira kwachangu kuchokera ku 950 ° C mpaka 400 ° C mumlengalenga wokhala ndi sulfure, ndipo abwerenso ndi malingaliro pazonse zakuthupi ndi kupanga. Kodi njira yawo yopangira ndalama ingakwaniritse zofunikira kuti achepetse malo oyambitsa ming'alu? Kodi kukonza kwawo kwa CNC kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kwambiri?
Kusankha Zinthu: Kusamalitsa kwa Pragmatic
Pali utsogoleri pazida zotentha kwambiri, ndipo ma roketi amakwera ndi kuthekera kwake. Nthawi zina, wapamwamba kwambiri wa single-crystal superalloy ndi overkill. Chitsulo chopangidwa bwino chokhala ndi njira zoziziritsira mkati chikhoza kuthetsa vuto la 700 ° C pamtengo wochepa. Chinyengo ndicho kudziwa komwe kuli kolowera. Pazinthu zambiri zamafakitale mumitundu ya 700-1000 ° C, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala monga Inconel 625 kapena 718 ndi omwe amagwirira ntchito. Amapereka mphamvu yabwino, kukana kwa okosijeni, komanso kupanga.
Koma ngakhale mkati mwake, muli ndi zosankha. Wopangidwa vs. Kwa mawonekedwe ovuta, kuponyera nthawi zambiri ndiko njira yokhayo yotheka. Katswiri ngati QSY, wopereka onse awiri kuponya ndalama ndi wotsatira CNC makina, imapereka kupitiriza. Amatha kupanga mawonekedwe apafupi-ukonde mu aloyi wochita bwino kwambiri poponya ndikuyika makina osindikizira ofunikira kapena mabowo a bawuti mwatsatanetsatane, kusunga kukhulupirika kwa zinthuzo kudzera mu unyolo wonse. Kuwongolera kophatikizikaku ndi mwayi waukulu - mumapewa chiwopsezo cha malo ogulitsira makina opanda chidziwitso mu ma superalloys omwe amawononga kuponya kwabwino kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndikukonza weld. Kodi kukonzanso kumaloledwa pakuwonetsa? Pazigawo zina zovuta zozungulira, ayi. Kwa chigawo chokhazikika cha ng'anjo, mwina ndichovomerezeka. Lingaliroli liyenera kupangidwa patsogolo ndi maziko, chifukwa zimakhudza momwe amayenerera gawolo ndi miyezo yowunikira yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Ndilo lingaliro lothandiza, lotsika pansi lomwe lili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pamtengo ndi nthawi yotsogolera.
Kuyang'ana ndi Zolakwika Zosaoneka
Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa zigawo zotentha kwambiri sikungayime pakuwunika kowoneka bwino. Kuyeza kolowera kwa utoto ndikofanana ndi zolakwika zapamtunda. Koma kukhulupirika kwamkati, makamaka kwa magawo omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, kuyezetsa kwa radiographic (X-ray) nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira. Zimabwereranso ku mfundo yoyamba yokhudzana ndi kuponya. Mukutsimikizira kuti njira yoyambira idatulutsa bwino mkati mwake. Awa si malo odulako. Cholakwika chomwe mwaphonya apa ndikulephera kwamunda kudikirira kuti kuchitike, ndi zovuta zonse zanthawi yocheperako komanso chitetezo chomwe chimabweretsa.
Nthawi zina, muyenera kupita patsogolo. Kwa pulojekiti yaposachedwa yokhudzana ndi kutentha kwakukulu, sitinatchule RT yokha, komanso kuyesa kwazitsulo pazitsanzo za nsembe zotsanuliridwa kuchokera kutentha komweko. Tinkafunika kuyang'ana kukula kwa njere ndikuyang'ana magawo osayenera omwe angakhale atapangidwa panthawi yolimba. Zinawonjezera nthawi ndi mtengo, koma inali njira yokhayo yokhala ndi chidaliro pakugwiritsa ntchito popanda malire olakwa. Othandizira, ngati ali odziwa zambiri, ayenera kumvetsetsa izi ndikutha kuvomereza kapena kupereka malingaliro awa.
Pomaliza, taganizirani mapeto. Pamwambapa, ngati-cast-cast patha kukhala malo ofikira oxidation ndi kuyambitsa ming'alu. Nthawi zambiri, kuphulika kwa magalasi osavuta kapena njira yowonongeka kungathandize kwambiri kukana kwa okosijeni pamtunda popanga yunifolomu yowonjezereka, yochepetsera kupsinjika maganizo. Ndi gawo laling'ono, lomaliza lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Ndi Dongosolo, Osati Gawo
Kotero, kukoka zonsezi mmbuyo palimodzi. Kupeza odalirika Kutentha kosagwira gawo sikuti ndi dongosolo logulira chabe. Ndi mgwirizano waukadaulo. Zimayamba ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito moona mtima, zimadutsa muzinthu zamakono ndikusankha njira (pomwe makampani omwe ali ndi luso lophatikizana lakuya monga kuponya ndi makina amawala), ndipo amatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko zoyendera zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chiopsezo.
Cholinga chake ndikukhala ndi gawo lomwe silimangopulumuka, koma limachita zodziwikiratu pa moyo wake womwe wafuna. Kudziwikiratu kumeneko kumachokera ku ulalo uliwonse waunyolo - kuchokera ku melt shop kupita ku sitampu yomaliza. Ndizochepa pakupeza zinthu zamatsenga komanso zambiri zopangira zochitika zotsimikiziridwa, zoyendetsedwa kuti zipange zinthuzo kukhala chinthu chomwe mungadalire pamene kutentha kuli, kwenikweni. Kusiyana pakati pa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi lomwe limalephera nthawi zambiri limakhala muzambiri izi, zosasangalatsa za kupanga ndi kutsimikizira zomwe sizimafika ku kabuku konyezimira.
