Mukamva 'Inconel Investment casting', chithunzi chomwe chilipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chimodzi mwamagawo osawonongeka amlengalenga kapena masamba a turbine omwe amawala mofiyira. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe amawonetsa zenizeni zenizeni. Nkhani yeniyeni sikungonena za mphamvu ya aloyi yotentha kwambiri; ndi za kuvina kosamala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokhumudwitsa pakati pa chemistry, kutentha, ndi zipolopolo za ceramic. Ambiri amaganiza kuti ngati mutha kuponya 316 zosapanga dzimbiri, mutha kuponya Inconel 718. Lingaliro limenelo ndi pomwe mapulojekiti amayamba kutaya ndalama ndi nthawi.
Chovuta Chachikulu: Zonse Zili Zokhudza Kulamulira
Tiyeni tinene mwachindunji. Ndi Inconel, makamaka magiredi oumitsa mvula ngati 718 kapena 625, sikuti mukungothira zitsulo zamadzimadzi. Mukuyang'anira supu ya faifi tambala, chromium, niobium, ndi molybdenum yomwe ikufuna kupanga magawo oyipa ngati mutayilola kuti izizizira bwino. Njira yopangira ndalama, yokhala ndi chipolopolo chake cha ceramic, imapereka chiwongolero chowoneka bwino cha ma geometries ovuta - lingalirani njira zozizilitsira zophatikizika mu tsamba la turbine. Koma chipolopolo chomwecho chimakhala chotchinga chamafuta, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kulimba. Mochedwa kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza kukula kwakukulu kwa tirigu ndi magawo owopsa a Laves kapena delta omwe amalowa m'magawo a interdendritic, kupha moyo wa ductility ndi kutopa. Ndawonapo zigawo zikudutsa X-ray koma zimasweka pakuyesa kutopa kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa microstructure sinali yolondola. Tsambali likuti Inconel 718, koma magwiridwe ake ali mwatsatanetsatane zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimafotokoza.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira foundry zimakhala zosakambilana. Sikuti kungokhala ndi ng'anjo ya vacuum induction melting (VIM). Zimakhudza kachitidwe ka pre-cast: kapangidwe ka jekeseni wa sera kuti muchepetse kuchepa ndi kutha kwa tsamba lokhalokha, kupanga slurry yoyambira (nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyang'ana zircon), ndi njira ya stuccoing. Kwa Inconel, kuthekera kwa chipolopolo ndi mphamvu yotentha kumafunikira kusanja kosiyana ndi chitsulo. Chigoba chomwe chili chowundana kwambiri chimatha kugwira mpweya ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale porosity; ofooka kwambiri, ndipo mumayika pachiwopsezo cha kutha kapena kusokonekera panthawi yotentha kwambiri. Tinaphunzira izi kudzera mumagulu opweteka a ma valve zaka zingapo zapitazo. Kukongola pamwamba mapeto, koma akupanga kuyezetsa anasonyeza anamwazikana shrinkage mu wandiweyani zigawo. Wolakwa? Kuphika kwa zipolopolo kunazimitsidwa, ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha panthawi yolimba sikunayendetsedwe. Bwererani kuchipinda cha sera.
Kulankhula za sera, chochotsa (dewaxing) sitepe ndi luso lina losaonekera. Pokhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri a Inconel, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri. Koma ngati sera sikugwirizana kapena kupindika kwa nthunzi kumakhala koopsa, mutha kuswa chipolopolo chobiriwiracho. Mng'alu watsitsi womwe sungathe kuwona udzatsegulidwa pa 1500 ° C + preheat ndikukhala chipsepse kapena kung'anima pakuponya. Ndi kukana. Uwu ndi mtundu wa njira zowongolera zomwe zimalekanitsa malo ogulitsa ntchito ndi akatswiri. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu kuponya ndalama ndi kutchulidwa mwatsatanetsatane za ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, zikadayenera kupanga laibulaleyi yoyambitsa ndi zotsatira mwa kuyesa ndi zolakwika. Izo ziri mwa iwo makina Kuthekera nakonso-kumaliza gawo la as-cast Inconel kumafuna kudziwa momwe khungu limakhudzira zida zodulira, zomwe zimalumikizananso ndi kukhulupirika kwapamtunda.
The Post-Cast Puzzle: Chithandizo cha Kutentha ndi Gawo la Njira Yoponya
Simungathe kulekanitsa kuponyedwa ndi kutentha kwake. Si opareshoni yachiwiri; ndi gawo lomaliza la kulimbitsa. Kwa Inconel 718, mukuyang'ana njira yothetsera ukalamba. Koma nthawi ndi kutentha zimatsatiridwa ndi momwe zimapangidwira. Ngati tirigu wanu ndi wokulirapo chifukwa cha kulimba kwapang'onopang'ono, mungafunike kusintha magawo a mankhwala. Zilakwitse, ndipo gawo lolimbitsa la gamma double-prime (γ) silidzayenda bwino. Gawolo lidzakhala lofewa, losachita bwino.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwira ntchito pamalo opanikizika kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwa gasi. Zojambulazo zinatuluka bwino kwambiri. Tinachita kutentha kwa 718: yankho la 980 ° C, mpweya wozizira, ndiye 720 ° C kugwira kwa maola 8, ng'anjo yozizira mpaka 620 ° C, gwirani kwa maola ena 8, mpweya wozizira. Zinthu zolimba zinali zocheperako. Vutolo? Homogenization. The microsegregation kuchokera ku casting inali yokwanira kupanga masinthidwe am'deralo omwe amakhudza kuyankha kwa ukalamba. Tinayenera kuwonjezera sitepe yotentha kwambiri ya homogenization isanayambe kuzungulira, zomwe zinakhudza kukula kwa tirigu koma zinatipatsa masanjidwe ofanana. Zinagwira ntchito, koma zinawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi yozungulira. Phunziro: Metallurgist wa foundry ndi chotenthetsera kutentha ayenera kumakambirana nthawi zonse. Wothandizira wathunthu yemwe amayang'anira zonse zoponya ndi CNC makina pansi pa denga limodzi, monga momwe machitidwe a QSY akusonyezera, ali ndi mwayi wapadera apa. Amayang'anira ndondomeko yonse kuchokera ku sera kupita ku gawo lomalizidwa ndi makina, kotero kuti maulendo obwereza amakhala olimba.
Kuyesa kwa Nondestructive (NDT) kumakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe ena. Ndi Inconel castings pazovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mumadutsa X-ray wamba. Fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) ndiyofunikira pakuwonongeka kwapamtunda. Koma pankhani ya chilungamo chamkati, makamaka m'zigawo zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, tasunthira kwambiri ku scanning ya computed tomography (CT). Ndiokwera mtengo, koma kwa bubu lamafuta lovuta lomwe lili ndi ndime zamkati, ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti palibe kusintha kwakukulu kapena ceramic yotsalira yomwe ingathe kugwira ntchito. Uwu ndiye mulingo wowunikira zomwe zimafunikira.
Kusankha Kwazinthu: Sikuti Ma Inconels Onse Ali Ofanana Pakuponya
Inconel ndi banja. 625 nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa chifukwa cha kuwotcherera kwake komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa 718 chifukwa imakhala yolimba, osati yolimba. Muli ndi nkhawa zochepa za chithandizo cha kutentha, komabe muyenera kuyang'anira kung'ambika kotentha. Ndiye pali Inconel 713C, kagawo kakang'ono ka mpesa koma kogwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati masamba a turbine, okhala ndi zirconium ndi kaboni kuti azitha kulimba malire ambewu. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri ndi kutentha kothira. Madigiri pang'ono otentha kwambiri, ndipo njere zimakhala zolimba; wozizira kwambiri, ndipo umakhala ndi mitrus. Pamafunika maziko omwe amasunga zipika zabwino - kutentha kulikonse, kutentha kulikonse, aloyi amtundu uliwonse.
Kusankhidwa kwa aloyi nthawi zambiri kumabwera kumalo ogwirira ntchito ndi geometry ya gawolo. Chomangira chokhazikika chikhoza kuchoka ndi 625. Chigawo chozungulira pansi pa kupsinjika pa 700 ° C chingafunike 718 chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zokwawa. Koma kupanga gawo la castability ndi 50% yankhondo. Ngodya zakuthwa ndi mdani. Uniform khoma makulidwe ndi maloto omwe mumathamangitsa. Nthawi ina tinayenera kukonzanso kusintha kwa flange panyumba kasanu ndi kamodzi ndi injiniya wojambula, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthiti ndi nthiti, pulogalamu yofananitsa isanawonetse kutulutsa mawu. Mgwirizanowu pakati pa wopanga ndi wopanga makinawo ndi wamtengo wapatali. Ndi chinthu chomwe mumapanga pazaka zambiri, ndipo chimawonetsedwa pakukula kwa ntchito zamakampani, monga mbiri yazaka zopitilira 30 zomwe zadziwika. Mtengo wa QSY. Ndondomeko yanthawiyi ikuwonetsa kuti awona kubwereza kwa mapangidwe awa kangapo.
Ndipo tisaiwale zamtengo wapatali. Inconel revert material ndi yamtengo wapatali, koma chemistry yake iyenera kuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu ikabwezeretsedwanso kusungunuka. Kuyipitsidwa ndi ma aloyi ena a faifi tambala kapena kutentha kosiyana kwa Inconel kumatha kukankhira zinthu monga niobium kapena titaniyamu kuti zisawonongeke. Choyambitsa chachikulu chimakhala ndi pulojekiti yokhazikika yobwezeretsa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungunuka pansi pa nambala ya kutentha kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pazovuta kwambiri. Ndi masewera okwera mtengo kwambiri ngati luso.
Mgwirizano Weniweni Padziko Lonse: Mtengo motsutsana ndi Magwiridwe
Njirayi ndiyokwera mtengo. Aloyi ndi okwera mtengo. Zida zopangira phula ndizokwera mtengo. Zida za zipolopolo ndizokwera mtengo. Mphamvu zosungunula vacuum ndi kutentha kutentha ndizokwera mtengo. Ndiye mumasankha liti Inconel Investment casting? Pamene ntchito ya gawolo ilungamitsa izo mwamtheradi. Pakakhala gawo lamtengo wapatali pomwe kulephera kumakhala kowopsa, kapena komwe zovutazo zimachotsa makina kuchokera ku billet ngati njira. Tikukamba za magawo omwe chiŵerengero cha kugula ndi kuwuluka (kulemera kwa zopangira ndi gawo lomalizidwa) ndi zakuthambo ngati zitapangidwa ndi makina. Kuponya kumakufikitsani pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a ukonde.
Koma pali malo ogwirizana. Nthawi zina, pazinthu zofunikira kwambiri, mutha kusankha njira yosakanizidwa. Ikani mawonekedwe onse, koma siyani katundu wowonjezera pamalo osindikizira ovuta kapena mabowo a bawuti CNC makina kugunda tolerances wangwiro. Apa ndipamene zida zophatikizika zimawala. Kutumiza gawo losalimba, lopanda pake la Inconel kumalo ena ogulitsira makina kumawononga kuwonongeka ndikuwonjezera mayendedwe. Kuchita zonse pamalo amodzi, monga momwe akunenera QSY's kuphatikiza kuponyera ndi makina ntchito ntchito, amachepetsa chiopsezo ndipo akhoza kusintha kuwongolera khalidwe lonse. Sikuti mukungogula zowonera; mukugula luso la unyolo.
Mawu omaliza ndi pa chikhalidwe chikhalidwe. Ndi zipangizo ndi ndondomeko izi, mapepala ndi traceability ndi mbali ya mankhwala. Kuponyedwa kuyenera kubwera ndi lipoti lazinthu zovomerezeka, ma chart a kutentha, ndi malipoti a NDT. Ndi dossier. Ngati wothandizira akukayikira kupereka mulingo wotero wa zolemba, chokanipo. Mbaliyo si chinthu chakuthupi chokha; ndicho chitsimikizo cha ndondomeko yomwe idapanga. Pambuyo pazaka makumi atatu, kampaniyo imazindikira kuti mbiri yake imakhazikika pacholembacho mofanana ndi mbali zomwe zimatuluka pakhomo.
Kuyang'ana Patsogolo: Luso Losintha
Kodi zonsezi zikupita kuti? Kupanga kowonjezera (kusindikiza kwa 3D) ku Inconel kukupeza makina osindikizira ambiri, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Imapereka ufulu wamisala wa geometric. Koma popanga zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zovuta kwambiri, zopanga zapakatikati mpaka zokwera kwambiri, kuyika ndalama kumakhalabe ndi mphamvu pazachuma. Tsogolo, ndikukayikira, liri mu hybridization. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D kupanga mapangidwe a sera kapenanso zitsulo za ceramic mwachindunji, kulola ma geometries omwe kale anali zosatheka kuumbika, kenako kutengera njira yachikhalidwe yopangira ndalama kuti ikhale yomaliza komanso zitsulo. Ndikulumikizana kosangalatsa.
Mapulogalamu oyeserera ayambanso kuchita bwino. Kusanthula kwazinthu zomaliza pakulimbitsa ndi kupsinjika kukuyenda kuchoka pa zabwino kukhala nazo kupita ku chida chokhazikika. Koma pulogalamuyo ndi yabwino ngati malo osungirako zinthu zakale komanso malire omwe mumawadyetsa. Dongosolo limenelo limamangidwa pa mayesero enieni ndi misozi-mtundu wa chidziwitso cha mabungwe omwe amasonkhana mu ntchito yayitali. Simungathe kutengera chilichonse; mukufunikirabe nzeru za mmisiri kuti mudziwe pamene kuyerekezera kukunama.
Kotero, kubwerera ku chiyambi. Inconel Investment casting ndizochepa za brute force komanso zambiri za finesse. Ndi unyolo wa masitepe zana olamulidwa, iliyonse imatha kuswa chomaliza. Kupambana kumabwera chifukwa cholemekeza chikhalidwe cha zinthu, kumvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira, komanso kukhala ndi chipiriro-ndi mbiri yakale-kuthetsa mavuto pamene zinthu sizikutheka kukonzekera. Simatsenga; ndi chipwirikiti cholamulidwa, chasandulika kukhala njira yobwerezabwereza ya uinjiniya. Ndipo ndicho chinachake chimene mumangophunzira pokhala mumdima, chaka ndi chaka.
