Mukamva 'wopanga ndalama zopangira ndalama,' mumaganiza chiyani? Kwa ambiri, ndi kabuku konyezimira kodzaza ndi zigawo zonyezimira, zovuta. Zoonadi, kugaya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi chinthu chinanso. Ndi zochepa za wangwiro chithunzi chomaliza ndi zambiri za fungo la wopsereza sera m'mawa, wopanda malire chizindikiro tweaks kwa superalloy latsopano, ndi mantha mantha pamene chipolopolo ming'alu pa dewaxing. Liwu lenilenilo likhoza kusokeretsa—limapereka lingaliro limodzi. Zoonadi, masitolo abwino kwambiri samangoyambira; iwo ndi ophatikizana othetsa mavuto, kutseka kusiyana pakati pa chitsanzo cha CAD ndi chigawo chogwira ntchito, chapamwamba kwambiri. Ogula ambiri amakhazikika pamtengo wagawo kapena nthawi yotsogolera, kusowa kusintha kwakukulu: kusasinthika pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha, kukhulupirika kwapang'onopang'ono pamalo achisanu, komanso luso lazitsulo loletsa kulephera kwamtengo wapatali miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pansi pamzere.
Lingaliro Lolakwika Lachikulu: Ndikungothira Chitsulo
Tiyeni tidule pothamangitsa. Cholakwika chachikulu ndikuwonera kuyika ndalama ngati njira yogulitsira. Mumatumiza chojambula, mumapeza gawo. Ngati kokha. Phindu lenileni la wopanga limakhala pa zomwe zimachitika zitsulo zisanawone ng'anjoyo. Tengani chitsanzo tooling. Kufa kotsika mtengo, kopangidwa mwachangu ndi aluminiyumu kumatha kupulumutsa $5k kutsogolo. Koma ngati ilibe dongosolo loyenera, kapena kukula kwake kwamafuta sikuwerengedwera, mupeza njira zopotoka za sera zomwe zimagwera m'maloto owopsa pambuyo poponya. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti omwe 'kusunga' pazida zidapangitsa kuti anthu asanu ndi mmodzi awonongeke pamisonkhano yochedwa ndi kuchedwa. Sitolo yaukadaulo, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., amatsutsa, nthawi zina molimbika, kuti apange chida cholimba kwambiri. Sizogulitsa; ndikuletsa tsoka. Zaka makumi atatu mumasewerawa zikutanthauza kuti mwina alakwitsa kale zomwe mukufuna kulipira.
Ndiye pali sera. Sikuti phula zonse za jakisoni zimakhala zofanana. Kuti mukhale ndi mipanda yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, mufunika mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, onyezimira kwambiri kuti mujambule zambiri popanda zolembera. Kwa thupi la valve yolemetsa, sera yolimba ndiyofunikira kuti tipewe kupindika mukamagwira. Kusankhidwa sikungochitika; ndi chigamulo chozikidwa pa geometry, alloy, ndi ndondomeko yomangira zipolopolo. Ndimakumbukira ntchito yopangira chopopera chopopera pomwe tidasinthira ku sera yopangidwa ndi polima. Mtengo wa unit udakwera 15%, koma kuchepetsedwa kwa kukonza zowotcherera pomaliza chifukwa chomaliza bwino kupulumutsa kasitomala pa 40% pakumaliza mtengo. Ndiwo mawerengedwe obisika.
Ndipo kumanga zipolopolo? Ndiko kumene luso limakumana ndi sayansi. Sikuti kuviika ndi stuccoing. The slurry viscosity, malo owumitsa (kuwongolera chinyezi ndi chilombo), chiwerengero cha malaya-mtundu uliwonse ndi lever yomwe imakhudza kutsekemera ndi mphamvu. Chigoba chofooka kwambiri chimang'ambika panthawi yothira; osalowetsedwa, ndipo mumapeza kutsekeka kwa gasi. Ndakhala usiku mu shopu ndi amisiri, kusintha zirconia ufa zili mu prime coat slurry ndi theka peresenti kuthetsa zitsulo malowedwe pa nyumba zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Izi mulibe m'kabuku kalikonse. Zili m'mabuku olembera komanso kukhumudwa komwe kumagawana pomwe gulu loyesa likulephera.
Maze Yakuthupi: Ma Alloys Sanapangidwe Ofanana
Aliyense amanena kuti amagwira ntchito ndi 'zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri' kapena 'zitsulo za nickel-based alloys.' Mdierekezi ali mu pepala lodziwika bwino: 316L motsutsana ndi 316, Inconel 718 motsutsana ndi 625. Kusiyanitsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala mu chithandizo cha kutentha ndi momwe zitsulo zimakhalira panthawi yolimba. Kuponyera ndalama ndi njira yolimba yolimba, yomwe ingayambitse kulekanitsa zinthu za alloying ngati sizikuyendetsedwa. Kwa kampani ngati QSY, yomwe imalemba ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel monga zapaderazi, iyi sichongani bokosi. Zimatanthawuza kuti adayimba kutentha, kutentha kwa nkhungu, ndi kuziziritsa kwazomwe zimapangidwira.
Chitsanzo konkire: kamodzi tinathamanga mtanda wa cobalt aloyi (Stellite 6) kuvala mbale. Chemistry inali yangwiro, koma magawowo adawonetsa kusweka. Nkhani yake? Chigoba chokhazikika chomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito chosapanga chosapanga chinali ndi kuyankha kosiyanasiyana kwa kutentha. Aloyi ya cobalt, yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimba, imafunikira chipolopolo chokhala ndi chophatikizira chosinthidwa pang'ono kuti chigwirizane ndi kugunda kwake. Kukonza sikunali mu dipatimenti yosungunula; inali itabwerera ku thanki yamatope. Uku ndikuphatikiza komwe ndatchula. Njira yoponyera ndi unyolo, ndipo ulalo wofooka kwambiri sinthawi zonse pomwe mumayembekezera.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mndandanda wazinthu za opanga ndi nkhani, osati menyu. Mukawona 'zosakaniza zapadera,' fufuzani mozama. Funsani za miyeso yawo yothira aloyiyo, kuchuluka kwa zovuta zomwe apeza, ndipo - mozama - ngati adziyesa okha m'nyumba. Kudikirira maola a 24 kwa lipoti la labu lakunja pomwe kutentha kwachitsulo kumakhala mu ng'anjo ndi chinthu chapamwamba chomwe palibe amene angakwanitse.
Kumene Machining Akudutsa: The CNC Handshake
Palibe kuyika ndalama komwe kulidi 'kofanana ndi ukonde.' Nthawi zonse pamakhala nkhope zamakina kumakina, malo okwerera kuti amalize, ndi ulusi woti ugwire. Apa ndi pamene chitsanzo cha ophatikizana kuponya ndalama ndi CNC makina ntchito imasonyeza mitundu yake yeniyeni. Phindu lalikulu silosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito (ngakhale kuti ndi zenizeni); ndi luntha lam'mbali.
Gulu lamakina lomwe limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mazikowo limaphunzira zovuta zake. Amadziwa kuti ku banja linalake la turbine masamba oponyedwa ku Inconel, pali ndalama zodziwikiratu, zopanda yunifolomu papulatifomu - mwina 0.7mm mbali imodzi, 1.1mm mbali inayo, kutengera momwe chipolopolocho chimakhetsera. Mapulogalamu awo a CNC amatha kulembedwa kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyana komwe kukuyembekezeka, kukhathamiritsa njira za zida ndikusunga moyo wodula. Ngati kuponya ndi kukonza ndi magulu osiyana, njira yosinthirayi imakhala yochedwa, yokhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatayika pakumasulira. Wopanga makina amapeza gawo ndi katundu 'osayembekezereka' ndikudzudzula zoyambitsa; oyambitsa sakudziwa zovuta za makina okonza.
Pamalo ophatikizika, njira yotumizira pambuyo ndikupitilira. Gawoli lidapangidwa ndikuganizira za makina kuyambira pachiyambi. Nthawi zambiri timalangiza kuwonjezera zoperekera nsembe zazing'ono pamalo osafunikira kuti apereke malo otetezeka a CNC, chinthu chomwe chingakhale kuganiza mozama (kapena zosatheka) ngati njirazo zatha. Kuyendera tsamba lawo pa tsngtaocnc.com, mutha kuwona izi: kuchokera kumalo oyeretsera oponyera, magawo amasunthira molunjika ku kuyendera kwa CMM kenako pamabedi a CNC. Kupitilira uku kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kagwiridwe, kumachepetsa nthawi yotsogolera, ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, kumamanga gawo logawana nawo gawo lomaliza.
The Failure Archive: Maphunziro mu Scrap Bin
Mumaphunzira zambiri kuchokera ku kulephera kolephera kuposa kwangwiro. Aliyense amene amanena mosiyana akugulitsa chinachake. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga ndikugwira ntchito ndi njirazi, tinali ndi dongosolo lachitsulo chophatikizika chachitsulo. Ma prototypes anali okongola. Pakupanga kwathunthu, tinayamba kuphuka mwachisawawa, osakhazikika. Wolakwa? Kusintha kwa inoculant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chitsulo, kuphatikizapo kuzizira pang'ono mofulumira mu nkhungu zathu zatsopano, zazikulu. Zitsulozo zinali zomveka pamapepala, koma kugwirizana kwa ndondomeko kunalibe. Tidazithetsa mwa kusintha nkhungu isanayambe kutentha ndikubwerera ku inoculant yoyambirira, koma tisanachotse gulu lalikulu.
Iyi ndi mbali yosasangalatsa. Wopanga wabwino amakhala ndi malo osungiramo nkhanizi—zake komanso nthano zamakampani. Ayenera kukhala osasamala za ndondomeko yowonongeka. Gulu la mchenga watsopano likafika, kodi amayesa chipolopolo? Chinyezi chikakwera mu Julayi, kodi amasintha nthawi yowumitsa? Kusamala kogwira ntchito uku ndizomwe zakhala zaka 30, monga maumboni a QSY, amatanthauza. Si zaka 30 zobwerezabwereza; ndi zaka 30 zosinthira kumitundu yaying'ono chikwi.
Kulephera kwina kwachikale ndikulumikizana molakwika pamatchulidwe. Chojambula chimafuna Kuvuta kwa 125 Ra max. Monga-cast, tikhoza kugunda izo. Koma ngati kasitomala akufunikiradi kumaliza kopangidwa ndi makina pamwamba pake ndikuyiwala kuzindikira, gawolo ndilopanda ntchito. Tsopano, shopu yodziwa zambiri igwira izi. Awona kulolerana kolimba pa bore kapena cholemba chokhudza chisindikizo ndikuyitanitsa kuti amveketse: Kodi mukukonza nkhope iyi? Chifukwa monga-cast, sitingagwire kusalala kumeneko. Kuyimba foni imeneyo, nthawi yokayikitsa ndi kumveketsa bwino, ndiyofunika kuposa masauzande angwiro koma osamvetsetseka.
Muyeso Weniweni: Kusasinthasintha Kwa Nthawi Yaitali
Ndiye, mumaweruza bwanji an wopanga ndalama? Osangofunsa zitsanzo zawo zabwino kwambiri. Funsani deta yawo ya statistical process control (SPC) ya gawo lofunikira pa gawo lomwe likuyenda nthawi yayitali. Funsani za kuchuluka kwawo kwa chiphaso choyamba. Funsani za njira yawo yoyenereza chinthu chatsopano kapena wothandizira watsopano. Mayankho adzakuuzani zonse.
Cholinga sikutulutsa chinthu chimodzi chozizwitsa cha malonda. Ndi kupanga nambala 500 yodalirika yofanana ndi nambala 1, zaka zisanu motalikirana, ngakhale wopanga zida zoyambira atapuma pantchito. Izi zimafuna machitidwe, komanso chikhalidwe chomwe chimalemekeza luso. Ndi womanga nkhungu wakale yemwe amamva kukokera pang'ono patani ndikudziwa kuti kufa kumafunika kutsukidwa CMM isanawonetse cholakwika.
Pamapeto pake, kuyanjana ndi wopanga ndikufikira kukumbukira kwawo kwamavuto omwe adathetsedwa komanso kupewedwa masoka. Ndi za kufunitsitsa kwawo kunena kuti mapangidwe adzakhala ovuta, ichi ndi chifukwa chake chida chisanadulidwe. Mukayang'ana mbiri kuchokera kumakampani omwe amaphatikizana chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi makina olondola, mukuwona zotsatira za malingaliro ophatikizika, othetsa mavuto. Gawolo silimangoponyedwa; imapangidwa, yobadwa kuchokera ku njira yomwe imaganizira masitepe aliwonse kuchokera kuchipinda cha sera mpaka kumapeto komaliza. Ndizomwe zili kumbuyo kwa mawu osakira.
