Wina akati 'gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lapadera,' theka la nthawi yomwe akujambula chinachake kuchokera mu kanema wa sayansi, theka linalo amangotanthauza 316L. Ndilo kusiyana koyamba pakati pa mapepala enieni ndi kupanga zenizeni. 'Wapadera' sigiredi chabe; ndi kukambirana za moyo wonse—kuchokera ku machitidwe a aloyi mu crucible mpaka kachitidwe kake pansi pa sing'anga yowononga kapena kupsinjika maganizo. Ndawonapo zojambula zambiri pomwe mawuwo amangoganiziridwa pambuyo pake, zokopera kuchokera ku polojekiti yakale, zomwe zimatsogolera kudziko la zowawa panthawi yokonza kapena, moyipa kwambiri, m'munda. Ntchito yeniyeni imayamba mukakumba zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yapadera: kodi ndizomwe zili ndi molybdenum zomwe zimalepheretsa kupindika, nayitrogeni wolamulidwa kuti akhale wamphamvu, kapena njira yopangira kutentha kwapawiri? Ndiko komwe zaka makumi ambiri mubizinesi iyi, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., kuwerengera. Mumapanga kumverera kwa izo.
Zapadera mu Msuzi wa Aloyi
Tiyeni tikambirane kaloti. 304, 316—awa ndi vanila. Gawo 'lapadera' limayamba ndi zinthu monga 17-4PH, 2205 duplex, kapena super austenitics ngati 254 SMO. Koma kuwatchula mayina n’kosavuta. Chinyengo ndikudziwa kuti 'gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri' lopangidwa kuchokera ku 17-4PH sichapadera kwambiri mpaka litafika pa H1150 kapena H900. Njira yopangira njira yothetsera vutoli motsutsana ndi okalamba ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Chitani zolakwika, ndipo mudzawotcha zida kapena kuyambitsa ming'alu yaying'ono. Tidaphunzira izi koyambirira ndi gulu la ma valve. Zolembazi zidati 17-4PH, koma gawo lothandizira kutentha linali losamveka. Tinawapanga onse atakalamba, poganiza kuti ndi dziko lomaliza. Wogulayo pambuyo pake anafunikira njira yopangira mapangidwe - njira yosavuta. Kuyesera kupanga makina okalambawo kunali koopsa; zida kuvala zinali zakuthambo. Akadayenera kusiya katundu kuti akamachike komaliza atakalamba. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe kumawoneka kodziwikiratu m'mbuyo.
Ndiye pali kufufuza. Sikuti zonse zapadera zosapanga dzimbiri zimapangidwa mofanana. Kusungunuka kuchokera ku Mill A kumatha kuchita mochenjera mosiyana ndi Mill B, makamaka ndi ma super alloys ovuta. Pa shaft yovuta kwambiri ya jekeseni wa madzi amchere, tinkalimbikira kuti tibwerere ku malo osungunuka ndi lipoti loyesa mphero. Mtengo wowonjezera ndi nthawi yotsogolera zidakweza nsidze poyambilira, koma zidachotsa zosinthika pomwe tidakumana ndi vuto lazida panthawi yoboola dzenje lakuya. Zinapezeka kuti, kusiyana pang'ono kwa zinthu za sulfure (mwachidziwitso, koma kumapeto kwapamwamba) kuchokera ku gwero lachiwiri kunali kuchititsa. Tsopano timakhala osasintha kumayendedwe odalirika azinthu zilizonse zopitilira 316, mchitidwe wokhazikika Zithunzi za QSY Zaka 30 akuponya ndi Machining.
Ndi kuchiponya? Ndiwo wosanjikiza wina. Kuthira aloyi wopangidwa ndi faifi tambala ngati Inconel 625 mu chikombole cha chipolopolo cholimba, chokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala. gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lapadera ndi luso. The fluidity ndi yosiyana, shrinkage imawonekera kwambiri, ndipo chiopsezo cha kung'ambika kotentha ndi chenicheni. Simungangogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati chitsulo cha kaboni. Pamafunika kayeseleledwe ndi zambiri foundry intuition. Takhala ndi gawo lathu lamagulu odulidwa koyambirira, tidaphunzira kuti kutentha kwa nkhungu ndi liwiro la kutsanulira ziyenera kuyimbidwa mozama kwambiri pazida izi.
CNC Machining: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Kudula Kwambiri
Apa ndi pomwe mphira umakumana ndi msewu. Aliyense akhoza kugula bar ya super duplex zosapanga dzimbiri; kupanga gawo lolondola, lopanda kupsinjika ndizovuta. Lamulo loyamba: kulemekeza ntchito kuumitsa. Magiredi a Austenitic ndi duplex amakonda kukhala olimba komanso olimba pansi pa chida chanu chodulira. Ngati muchita mantha ndi kuya kwa kudula kapena chakudya chanu, mukungopaka ndikuwotcha pamwamba, ndikupanga wosanjikiza woumitsa womwe ungaphwanye chida chanu chotsatira. Muyenera kulowa pansi pa gawo lolimba la ntchito. Kudula mwaukali, kosasinthasintha nthawi zambiri kumagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kusamala.
Kuziziritsa sikungoziziritsa; ndizopaka mafuta ndi kuchotsa tchipisi. Kwa ambiri mwa ma aloyi omata awa, makina ozizirira othamanga kwambiri kudzera pazida sangakambirane. Imaswa chip ndikuchichotsa kudera lodulidwa. Tinaphunzira izi pa polojekiti ya a gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lapadera-chotchinga chosungiramo tsamba la turbine kuchokera ku Aloyi 718. Tchipisizo zidadziwotchera zokha ndikuyikapo, zomwe zidapangitsa kulephera koopsa. Kusinthira ku makina othamanga kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito choziziritsa choziziritsa chambiri, chamafuta ambiri kunasintha chilichonse. Kutha kwa gawolo kunakula, ndipo moyo wa zida unachulukira katatu.
Njira yopangira zida ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira. Mphero yokwera nthawi zambiri imakonda kusiyana ndi mphero wamba kuti achepetse kuuma kwa ntchito. Koma pazigawo zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala zomwe zimapezeka m'magawo opangira ndalama, muyenera kuganizira zolimba. Nthawi zina muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya trochoidal mphero kapena kusintha stepover kuti musamalire kukakamiza kwa zida ndikupewa kupotoza mbali. Sizongokhudza zosintha za pulogalamu ya CAM; ndi za wolemba mapulogalamu akudziwa momwe zakuthupi zidzakankhira mmbuyo. Uwu ndi mtundu wa manja pa CNC makina chidziwitso chomwe chimalekanitsa malo ogulitsa ntchito ndi katswiri.
Casting Foundation: Shell ndi Investment
Zambiri mwazigawo zapaderazi zimayamba ngati ma castings, makamaka ma geometri ovuta. Kuponya nkhungu ya zipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama ndi mkate wathu ndi batala ku QSY. Kwa zosapanga dzimbiri, kusankha pakati pawo nthawi zambiri kumatsikira ku voliyumu, kumaliza kwapamwamba, ndi kulolerana kwamitundu. Kumangira zipolopolo ndikwabwino pamagawo akulu azinthu zovuta, koma kwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri - ganizirani zowongolera zokhala ndi masamba ophimbidwa, kapena midadada yochulukirapo yokhala ndi mayendedwe amkati - kuyika ndalama ndi njira yokhayo.
Koma apa pali nuance: chipolopolo cha ceramic chopangira ndalama chimatha kulumikizana ndi aloyi. Pazitsulo zotentha kwambiri zokhala ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito monga titaniyamu kapena aluminiyamu, mumafunika chovala chapadera chapankhope (monga slurry yochokera ku yttria) kuti muteteze kukhudzidwa kwa mankhwala komwe kumawononga mapeto. Tidapeza izi movutirapo pakuyambika kwa magawo a aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt. Pamwamba pake panatuluka ngati maenje komanso okhwima, omwe amafunikira makina omaliza komanso okwera mtengo. Kukonzekera kunali mu sitepe yoyamba: mapangidwe a ceramic. Tsopano ndi cheke wamba pa tsamba lathu la ndondomeko ya ma alloys okhazikika.
Dimensional control ndi chilombo china. Chinthu chocheperako cha gawo la 17-4PH ndi chosiyana ndi cha gawo la 316, ndipo sichiri mzere. Ikhoza kusiyana ndi makulidwe a gawo. Timasunga zosunga zobwezeretsera zamapateni ndi zowongolera, zomangidwa poyesa mazana azithunzi zoyambirira. Ndi zamphamvu, osati zongopeka chabe. Pamene kasitomala atitumizira kusindikiza kwatsopano gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lapadera, sitikungoyang’ana miyeso yomalizira; tikuwerengera m'malingaliro kukula kwake, kusokonekera komwe kukuyembekezeka, ndi komwe tifunika kuwonjezera makina opanga makina. Ndi kuvina kobwerera m'mbuyo.
Kulephera ndi Data Point
Simuphunzira kuchokera kumayendedwe angwiro. Mumaphunzira kwa omwe amapita chammbali. Ndikukumbukira gulu la matupi akuluakulu a valve mu 2205 duplex. Anapambana macheke onse am'mbali ndi PMI (Positive Material Identification). Koma poyesa kukakamiza, ochepa adawonetsa kutayikira kwapang'onopang'ono panjira yovuta kwambiri. Wolakwa? Kuchuluka kwa gawo la Ferrite-austenite kunali kozimitsa. Kutenthetsa pambuyo kuwotcherera sikunali koyenera, kusiya malo okhala ndi ferrite wokwera kwambiri, kusokoneza kukana dzimbiri ndi kukhulupirika. Zinthuzo zinali 2205 mwaukadaulo, koma katundu wake 'wapadera' - kapangidwe kabwino kagawo kakang'ono - adatayika komweko. Tidayenera kukonzanso protocol yathu ya post-weld heat treatment for thick-section duplex welds. Tsopano, nthawi zambiri timatchula ndikuchita kuwongolera kutentha kwa interpass ndi post-weld solution annealing kwa ma weld ovuta pazidazi.
Kulephera kwina kwachikale ndiko kufotokoza mopambanitsa. Katswiri wina adaumirira pa Alloy C276 (chopangidwa ndi faifi wapamwamba kwambiri) pagawo lomwe limakhala ndi acidic pang'ono kutentha kutentha. Kunali kuchulukitsa kwakukulu. Tinapereka lingaliro la 904L super austenitic, yomwe ikanachita bwino pa theka la mtengo wazinthu komanso kukhala yosavuta kuyipanga. Zinali zokhazikika pa zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Tidakwanitsa, adalipira ndalama zolipirira, koma chinali chisankho cholakwika chaukadaulo. Gawo la ntchito yathu ndikufunsira, kukankhira mmbuyo modekha ndi deta. Nthawi zina mumapambana zokambiranazo, nthawi zina simumapambana, koma muyenera kuyesa.
Zochitika izi, zabwino ndi zoipa, ndizomwe zimadziwitsa ndondomekoyi lero. Mukayang'ana maluso olembedwa patsamba ngati https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, kuseri kwa mzere uliwonse - ma aloyi apadera, makina a CNC, kupanga ndalama - pali nkhani zana ngati izi. Iwo si mautumiki chabe; amaphunzitsidwa, ndipo nthawi zina amapeza movutikira.
Zotheka Kuperekedwa
Ndiye, kodi kasitomala amapeza chiyani akayitanitsa chowonadi gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lapadera kuchokera kwa wopanga wophatikizika? Sikuti amangogula kachidutswa kakang'ono kachitsulo kojambula. Akugula upangiri wosankha zinthu (kapena kutsimikizira), ukatswiri wopeza kuti azitha kuyiyika bwino, luso la kukonza makina kuti adule bwino popanda kuyambitsa kupsinjika, komanso macheke omwe amapitilira caliper-monga PMI, PT, RT, kapena kuyesa kwa dzimbiri ngati pakufunika.
Mapeto ake ndi ovuta. Kupukutira pagalasi kungakhale kwa zodzoladzola, koma kutsirizitsa kwa Ra kwapadera (titi, 0.8μm) pamalo osindikizira kumagwira ntchito. Kwa magawo omwe ali m'malo a chloride, passivation ndiyofunikira kuti muwonjezere kusanjikiza kwa oxide. Koma kupatsira duplex chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumafuna madzi osambira a nitric acid ndi kutentha kusiyana ndi muyezo wa austenitic. Zilakwitseni, ndipo mutha kuyambitsa dzimbiri.
Pamapeto pake, zimatengera kuchitira ulemu nkhaniyo kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. Kuyambira pomwe alloy amasankhidwa, kudzera mu shopu yapatani, malo oyambira, makina a CNC, ndi kuyendera komaliza, gawo lililonse likufunika kudziwa chomwe chimapangitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukhala 'chapadera.' Simatsenga; ndi zitsulo, zimango, ndi zambiri mosamala kwambiri tsatanetsatane. Ndicho chimene chimatembenuza dongosolo logulira kukhala gawo lodalirika lomwe limagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo ndicho chotulukapo chokha chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri.
