Anthu ambiri akamamva 'kupanga mchenga wachitsulo' amayerekezera zinthu zakale zopanga zitsulo zolimba. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Zowona, zamakono kuponya mchenga wachitsulo, makamaka tikakamba za chitsulo chotuwa kwambiri kapena zigawo za chitsulo cha ductile, ndi njira yaukadaulo kwambiri. Sikuti kungothira chitsulo mu nkhungu yamchenga; ndi kulamulira mchenga weniweniwo—kapangidwe kake, kuloŵerera kwake, mphamvu yake yotulutsa mpweya—kuteteza chilema chochuluka chimene chingachotsedwe. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri akulephera chifukwa cholinga chake chinali kusungunuka kwachitsulo kokha, pomwe mchengawo unali wongoganizira. Mchenga ndi theka la nkhondo, mwinamwake zambiri.
Dongosolo Lamchenga: Sikuti Ndi Mchenga Wokha
Tiyeni tilowe mu grit. Mawu akuti mchenga ndi osocheretsa. M'malo opangira zinthu, ndikusakaniza mosamalitsa kwa mchenga wa silika, dongo la bentonite, madzi, komanso fumbi la malasha (nyanja yamchere) kapena zowonjezera zina. Chiŵerengero ndi chirichonse. Dongo lambiri, ndipo nkhungu imakhala yolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimalepheretsa mpweya wabwino kuthawa panthawi yothira. Mudzamenyedwa ndi mapini. Pang'ono kwambiri, ndipo nkhope ya nkhungu imatha kugwa kapena kuwonongeka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku inclusions ndi kutha kwapamwamba. Ndimakumbukira ntchito yogwira ntchito pagulu lopangira ma hydraulic valve komwe tinkangomenyedwa pansi pamadzi. Tinathamangitsa vutoli kudzera mu dipatimenti yosungunuka kwa milungu ingapo tisanazindikire gulu lathu latsopano la bentonite linali ndi mphamvu yosiyana ya ion yosinthana. Mchenga sunali kuchita chimodzimodzi. Kusintha kosawoneka bwino, vuto lalikulu.
Ndiye pali kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mchenga. Chitsulo cha 1300 ° C+ chikagunda khoma la nkhungu, mchenga umayenera kupirira kutentha popanda kusakanikirana ndi kuponyera. Kwa ma geometri ovuta omwe ali ndi zigawo zokhuthala, nthawi zina timagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa chromite kapena mchenga wa zircon m'malo ovuta a nkhungu. Ndiwokwera mtengo, koma amalepheretsa kuwotcha ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo omwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa mu makina. Ndiwowerengera mtengo wa phindu lomwe mumapanga potengera momwe gawolo limagwirira ntchito komanso kulolerana kwamakasitomala pakukonzanso.
Mulling ndi aeration ndi njira zomwe sizimakambirana mokwanira kunja kwa maziko. Mchenga uyenera kusakanizidwa bwino kuti uphike njere iliyonse ndi binder, ndiyeno umafunika kuuzira mpweya kuti uthyole zing'onozing'ono komanso kuti zitheke kuyenda mofanana. Mchenga wosasungunuka bwino umabweretsa kuuma kwa nkhungu kosagwirizana. Mutha kukhala ndi kachitidwe kabwino, koma ngati mchenga sukuyenda mozungulira mozungulira, kulondola kwanu kumatuluka pawindo. Ndi luso logwira ntchito - wogwiritsa ntchito wakale wamatsenga amatha kudziwa zambiri pomvera mchenga.
Kupanga Zitsanzo: Chojambula mu Wood ndi Metal
Chitsanzo ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la gawolo, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso chonse cha woyambitsa. Ma angles okonzekera, malipiro ochepetsera, fillet radii, core print design - zonsezi zimapangidwira mmenemo. Za kuponya mchenga wachitsulo imathamanga, timagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo (zotayidwa kapena chitsulo) kuti zikhale zolimba. Koma filosofi yapangidwe ndiyofunikira. Cholakwika chofala ndikupanga pateni ngati kope lachindunji lachitsanzo cha CAD. Iron imachepa kwambiri. Kwa chitsulo chotuwa, mukuyang'ana pafupifupi 1% kuchepa. Choncho chitsanzo chanu chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kwambiri. Ndipo si mzere; makulidwe osiyanasiyana amaziziritsa pamitengo yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingayambitse kusokoneza. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito malamulo ochepetsera komanso kusintha mawonekedwewo potengera zotsatira zankhani yoyamba.
Ma gating ndi okwera amapangidwa pomwe pa mbale yapatani. Apa ndi pamene luso limakumana ndi sayansi. Cholinga chake ndikutenga chitsulo choyera, chopanda chipwirikiti kuti chidzaze m'bowo mwachangu, ndikudyetsa shrinkage pamene kuponyera kumalimba. Kuyika zokwera (zodyetsa) molakwika ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Ayenera kukhala pazigawo zolemera kwambiri, zomaliza kulimbitsa. Ndidakhalapo ndi nthawi pomwe gawo lowoneka bwino lidawonongeka ndi shrinkage ya bwana wovuta chifukwa chokwera chinali masentimita angapo kuchoka pamalo ake oyenera. Mapulogalamu oyeserera amathandizira tsopano, koma palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa kudula zitsanzo zingapo ndikuwona mawonekedwe olimba ndi maso anu.
Kukonzekera kwachitsanzo ndikokhazikika. Mchenga ndi abrasive. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawonekedwewo amatha, ndipo miyeso imasokonekera. Dongosolo lanthawi zonse loyang'ana miyeso yapatani motsutsana ndi master silingakambirane. Ndi ntchito yotopetsa, yopewera yomwe imapulumutsa mitu yambirimbiri.
Kuthira: Kumene Kulamulira Kumakumana ndi Zisokonezo
Kuthira chitsulo kumawonekera mwachinyengo. Si. Kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri. Kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mumawonjezera chiwopsezo chowotchedwa ndi mchenga komanso kucheperachepera. Kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza ma mistruns, kutsekeka kozizira, kapena kusayenda bwino kwamadzi komwe kumalephera kudzaza zigawo zoonda. Pazinthu zambiri zachitsulo chotuwa, timafuna kuthira pakati pa 1350 ° C ndi 1400 ° C, koma izi zimasinthidwa kutengera makulidwe a gawo ndi kulemera kwake. Mumaphunzira kuweruza mtsinje wa fluidity ndi mtundu wa zitsulo, koma thermocouples ndi bwenzi lanu lapamtima.
Kuthira liwiro ndikofunikira. Kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo mutha kukokoloka ndi nkhungu zomwe zimatsekereza mpweya ndi slag. Kuchedwa kwambiri, ndipo zitsulo zimayamba kuzizira nkhungu isanadzaze. Ndiko kutsanulira kokhazikika, kosalekeza mpaka mutawona zitsulo zikukwera muzokwera. Slag iyenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu pa ladle musanayambe kutsanulira. Slag iliyonse yomwe imalowa mu nkhungu imakhala yophatikizika. Ndi luso lofunikira, logwira ntchito m'manja lomwe palibe makina omwe angapangebe.
Mphepete mwa malo otsanula ndi ovuta, nthawi zonse. Mukuyang'anira kutentha, zitsulo zosungunuka, ndi wotchi. Chitsulocho chikuzizira kuyambira pomwe chimachoka m'ng'anjo. Pali zenera lopapatiza kuti mukonze. Chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri, koma chimodzimodzinso. Kusokonezeka kwa mphindi kungatanthauze kutsanulira koyipa kapena kuipiraipira.
Shakeout, Kuyeretsa, ndi Zowona Zakumaliza
Pambuyo pozizira, kuponyedwa kumapita kugwedezeka. Mchengawo umagwetsedwa mwamphamvu, ndipo kuponyedwa kumatuluka, kotentha ndi kukutidwa ndi mchenga wowotchedwa. Uku ndiko kuyang'ana kwenikweni koyamba pa ntchito yanu. Mukuyang'ana zolakwika zodziwikiratu: kuthwanima kwakukulu, zolakwika zazikulu, zosweka. Zipata ndi zokwera zimachotsedwa, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito miuni yodula kapena ma bandsaws.
Kenako pamabwera kuyeretsa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovutirapo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuphulitsa kuwombera kuti muchotse sikelo ya mchenga yotsalira, ndikupera zotsalira za zipata ndi zokwera, ndi zipsepse zilizonse kapena kuthwanima. Apa ndipamene ubwino wa nkhungu yanu ndi ntchito yaikulu imawonekera. Chikombole chopangidwa bwino chokhala ndi zothina pachimake chidzachepetsa kugaya komwe kumafunikira. Kusagwira ntchito bwino kumatanthauza maola owonjezera ogwirira ntchito ndi zopukutira, kuonjezera mtengo ndi kuwononga kuwonongeka kwa kudziponyera komweko ngati chopukusira chatsika. Kwa makampani omwe amapereka mayankho athunthu, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndondomeko yophatikizikayi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Pokhala ndi zaka zoposa 30 akujambula ndi kupanga makina, amamvetsetsa kuti kuponya sikutha pamene wasiya mchenga; izo zatha pamene izo zakonzeka kwa kasitomala msonkhano mzere. Kukhoza kwawo kutsatira kuponya mchenga wachitsulo ndi makina olondola a CNC m'nyumba ndi mwayi waukulu, kuwonetsetsa kuti miyeso yovuta imachitika ndikupulumutsa kasitomala kuti asagwirizane ndi ogulitsa angapo.
Kuyendera kumachitika panthawiyi. Macheke amtundu, kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa zolakwika zapamtunda, komanso kuyezetsa kosawononga ngati kulowa kwa utoto kapena kuyesa kwa ultrasonic pazigawo zovuta. Ndi gawo lopatsa chidwi. Nthawi zina, kuponyedwa komwe kumawoneka bwino pambuyo pa kugwedezeka kumawonetsa kuchepa kwa shrinkage porosity kapena kuphatikizidwa kwa mchenga pambuyo pa kuwomba. Muyenera kusankha: kodi ingakonzedwe ndi kuwotcherera (ndipo kodi kasitomala adzalola?), Kapena ndi zidutswa? Mlingo wa zokolola ndi kukakamiza kosalekeza.
Zinthu Zakuthupi: Si Iron Zonse Zomwe Zimapangidwa Zofanana
Tikatchula chitsulo, ndi banja lalikulu. Poponyera mchenga, chitsulo chotuwira (Flake Graphite Iron) ndichofala kwambiri, chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yonyowa, machinability, ndi madzi abwino. Koma chitsulo cha ductile (Nodular Graphite Iron) chimachulukitsidwa kwambiri pazigawo zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba. Kusiyanitsa kuli mu mankhwala osungunuka-kuwonjezera magnesium kapena cerium kuti spheroidize graphite. Chithandizo ichi ndi ntchito wosakhwima; nthawi yoziziritsa ndi chinthu, ndipo iyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe kuthira. Pezani zolakwika, ndipo mumapeza ma graphite osokonekera, kupha zida zamakina.
Alloyed zitsulo kuwonjezera wosanjikiza wina. Kuonjezera chromium kuti isavale, nickel kuti isawonongeke ndi dzimbiri, kapena molybdenum kuti ikhale yamphamvu pa kutentha kwakukulu kumasintha chirichonse-kachitidwe ka kusungunuka, khalidwe la kuchepa, machinability. Apa ndipamene ukatswiri wazitsulo wa foundry umayesedwa. Sitolo ngati QSY, yomwe imalemba zochitika zokhala ndi ma aloyi apadera kuphatikiza ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala ndi ma cobalt, imatha kuyandikira zitsulo zokhala ndi malingaliro owongolera. Mfundo za kuponya mchenga wachitsulo kukhala, koma zosinthika zimachulukana.
Kusankhidwa kwa kalasi yachitsulo kumakhudza mwachindunji mapangidwe a kuponyera komweko. Gawo lopangidwira chitsulo cha ductile lingafunike kukwera kosiyana ndi gawo lomwelo lachitsulo chotuwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana olimba. Iyi ndi mfundo yolephera kulumikizana pakati pa opanga ndi oyambitsa. Kungoganiza kuti chitsulo ndi chitsulo kumabweretsa kusadyetsedwa bwino komanso kulephera mosayembekezereka pantchito.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Njira Yogwirizana
Choncho, kuponya mchenga wachitsulo ili kutali ndi njira yakale. Ndi mndandanda wa njira zolumikizirana: kukonza mchenga, kupanga mapangidwe, kupanga pakati, kuwongolera kusungunuka, kuthira, ndi kumaliza. Kufooka mu ulalo uliwonse kumaswa unyolo. Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndikuphatikizana kolimba, pomwe zoyambira zimakhudzidwa koyambirira kwa kapangidwe kake kuti alangize za kupanga, komanso komwe njira zopangira pambuyo popanga makina zimatengedwa ngati gawo la mayendedwe opitilira. Ndi za kupereka gawo logwira ntchito, osati kungoponya movutikira.
Luso lenileni lagona pakulinganiza zosintha zonsezi mwachuma. Ndi chizoloŵezi chomangidwira pa zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa, nthawi zina zopweteka. Mumaphunzira kuchokera ku nkhungu iliyonse yotsanuliridwa, kuchokera pakuwunika kwa chilema chilichonse. Cholinga chake ndi kusasinthasintha-kupanga 100 kuponya ndi khalidwe lofanana ndi loyamba. Ndilo vuto lenileni la lusoli, ndipo ndizomwe zimalekanitsa malo opangira ntchito ndi mnzake wodalirika wopanga zida zolondola.
