Anthu ambiri akamva 'zigawo za chitsulo zowumbidwa ndi zipolopolo,' amajambula mosalala, mozungulira ngati ukonde, mwina valavu kapena nyumba yopopera, ndikuganiza kuti ntchitoyo yachitika nthawi zambiri. Ndiwo msampha woyamba. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kachitidwe ka zigoba, ndi mchenga wake wokutidwa ndi utomoni, kumakupatsani kukhazikika kwa dimensional ndi kumaliza bwino, koma ndi chitsulo chotayidwa - makamaka magiredi ngati ductile iron kapena compact graphite - ndi ukwati wa nkhungu ndi zitsulo zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati mbaliyo ikugwira. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri akupunthwa chifukwa amangoyang'ana kulondola kwa nkhungu ndikuyiwala kuti chitsulo ndi chinthu chamoyo panthawi yozizira. Chigobacho sichipuma ngati nkhungu yamchenga wobiriwira; ndizolimba. Choletsa chimenecho ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse.
Njira ya Shell: Osati Nkhungu Yokongola Yokha
Tiyeni tilowe mu grit. Chigoba cha chigobacho chimakhala chokongola kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a patternmaker. Mumapeza timagawo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono. Kwa ma geometri ovuta okhala ndi ma undercuts? Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa kuyesa kuchita chimodzimodzi mumchenga wobiriwira. Koma apa pali nuance aliyense glos pa: matenthedwe katundu. Chigoba cha mchenga wa utomoni chimakhala ndi kuzizira kosiyana ndi chitsulo chotsanuliridwa mmenemo. Ndi chitsulo chotuwira, mukuwongolera mapangidwe a graphite flake; mofulumira kwambiri kuzirala mu gawo lovuta kungapangitse kuzizira, kupangitsa gawo kukhala losasunthika kumene mukufunikira kuti likhale losavuta. Ndikukumbukira kuti zida zambiri zidasokonekera - mawonekedwe a mano anali abwino kwambiri kuchokera ku nkhungu, koma malo ogulitsa makinawo adadandaula za kuvala kwa zida. Zinapezeka kuti kuzizira kwa mizu ya mano, komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwachangu kwa chipolopolocho m'dera lopyapyalalo, kunapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwombankhanga cholimba. Chikombolecho chinali changwiro, zinthu zakuthupi zinali zolondola, koma kugwirizana pakati pawo kunayambitsa vuto.
Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo za foundry zikuwonetsa. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka zawo zamasewera, akadakumana ndi izi. Mutha kupeza njira zawo zothanirana ndi zovuta zotere patsamba lawo pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Sikuti kukhala ndi chilinganizo chamatsenga; ndizokhudza kukhala ndi mbiri yakale yosinthira chipolopolo cha mchenga kapena kutentha kwa nkhungu kusanayambike kuti zisinthe kuziziritsa kumeneko. Nthawi zina, kumakhala kusuntha kosagwirizana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo chokhuthala pang'ono kuti muchepetse kuzizira koyambirira m'malo enaake.
Ndipo kulemera. Pali chikhulupiriro chofala kuti kuumba zipolopolo ndi kwa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Ndizowona kuti zimapambana pamenepo, koma ndaziwona zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino zida zachitsulo mpaka 50-60 kg. Zoletsa sizikhala zolemera, koma mtengo wake ndi kutsanulira mayendedwe. Pakuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa bracket yovuta ya injini, mtengo wake umachepetsedwa mwachangu. Kwa kamodzi? Ziyiwaleni. Ndibwino kuti musaphike kapena ngakhale makina olimba. Economics imayang'anira ndondomekoyi monga momwe uinjiniya umachitira.
Zosankha Zakuthupi: Chifukwa Chake Iron ndi Chifukwa Chake Ndi Yachinyengo
Timakambirana chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera m'lingaliro wamba, koma kusankha zinthu kusintha chirichonse. Zida zolembedwa za QSY - chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo, chosapanga dzimbiri, ma aloyi apadera - chilichonse chimayimba nyimbo yosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya zipolopolo. Chitsulo chotayira, makamaka ductile (SG iron), ndimakonda pazifukwa. Madzi ake ndi abwino kwambiri, amadzaza zipolopolo za zipolopolozo mokongola, ndipo kuchepa kwake kumatheka. Koma chithandizo cha nodulizing (kuwonjezera magnesium) ndi ntchito yovuta nthawi. Muli ndi zenera kuti mutengere chitsulocho kuchokera mu ladle kupita mu nkhungu zisanachitike. Mzere wopangira zipolopolo uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi bomba la ng'anjo. Kuchedwa kwa mphindi imodzi kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe ozungulira a graphite ndi otsika, kupha ductility.
Chitsulo chotuwira chimakhululukira kwambiri kutsogoloku, koma ndiye kuti mukulimbana ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya wa graphite panthawi yolimba. Chikombole cholimba cha chigoba chingathandizedi kukana kukula kumeneko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba, zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha shrinkage porosity poyerekeza ndi nkhungu ya mchenga wobiriwira. Koma kachiwiri, ndi bwino. Kudziletsa kwambiri kungayambitse kung'ambika kotentha. Ndi chizindikiro kuvina: chitsulo umagwirira, kuthira kutentha, nkhungu kutentha.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ya matupi a hydraulic valve mu Gulu la 300 imvi yachitsulo. Zoyeserera zochokera ku shopu yosinthira mwachangu zidawoneka bwino, koma zidalephera kuyesa kukakamiza. Porosity. Vutoli lidayambika chifukwa cha kutentha kothirako komwe kunali kotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makulidwe a zigoba zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Chitsulocho chinayamba kuzizira chisanadyetse bwino magawo omaliza kuti akhwime. Tidakweza kutentha kwambiri ndikuwonjezera nthiti zazing'ono, zoziziritsa kukhosi (zomwe zimakhala matumba mu nkhungu) kuti ziwongolere kulimba. Anathetsa izo. Ndi zosintha zazing'ono izi zomwe zimalekanitsa kuponya kogwirika ndi gawo lodalirika. Kuthetsa mavuto kotereku ndiye maziko a zomwe katswiri wanthawi yayitali amapereka, monga momwe zalembedwera m'mbiri yamakampani ngati QSY, yomwe yakhala ikuyendetsa zokambirana zazinthu izi kwa zaka zopitilira 30.
Kulondola ndi Ulendo, Osati Kupatsidwa
'Kuponya mwatsatanetsatane' ndi liwu loponyedwa mozungulira. Ndi kuumba kwa zipolopolo, kulondola kumachokera ku nkhungu, koma miyeso yomaliza imakhala chifukwa cha chitsulo chophwanyira pa nkhungu. Zipangizo zamapangidwe ndizofunikira. Iyenera kuwerengera kuchepa kwa chitsulo (chomwe chimasiyana pakati pa imvi ndi ductile) komanso kuti chipolopolocho chimakula pang'ono chikatenthedwa. Wopanga pateni wabwino amamangirira lamulo lachidule lomwe limagwirizana ndi zinthu ndi ndondomekoyi. Si nambala yowerengera; zimachokera ku zomwe zinachitikira.
Ndiye pali post-casting movement. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika. Chovuta, chopanda mipanda chipolopolo akamaumba kuponyedwa chitsulo gawo likhoza kutuluka mu shakeout ndi zokhoma zotsekera. Mukangotumiza molunjika ku makina a CNC, imatha kusuntha pamene mukudula zinthu, ndikuwononga kulolerana. Anneal yoyenera yochepetsera kupsinjika musanayambe kupanga makina olemetsa sikungakambirane pazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Ndidaphunzira izi movutikira koyambirira ndi nyumba yamphepo. Ife makina bore ndi nkhope, chirichonse kusindikiza. Pambuyo pa sabata ndikusungirako, kukhazikika kwa flange kunali kosiyana. Iwo anali atamasuka. Tsopano, timapanga matenthedwe amtunduwu pachilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chodetsa nkhawa pang'ono.
Izi zimagwirizanitsa mwachindunji ndi chitsanzo cha utumiki wathunthu. Kampani yomwe imapereka zonse zoponya komanso m'nyumba CNC makina, monga ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa ku QSY, zili ndi mwayi waukulu. Amayang'anira mndandanda wonse kuyambira kulimba mpaka gawo lomaliza. Amadziwa bwino momwe ma castings awo amachitira pansi pa chida ndipo amatha kusintha njira yopita kumtunda-mwina kusintha pang'ono mu fillet radius pa chitsanzo-kupangitsa makina otsika kwambiri kukhala okhazikika. Ndi dongosolo lotsekeka lomwe simupeza pamene kuponyera ndi makina amagawanika pakati pa ogulitsa omwe amaimbana mlandu wina ndi mzake chifukwa cha kupatuka.
Zikalakwika: Kuphunzira kuchokera ku Zidutswa
Palibe kukambirana moona mtima popanda kulankhula za kulephera. Kupanga zipolopolo kumakhala kolimba mpaka kulibe. Njira imodzi yolephereka kwambiri ndi 'kusweka kwa chipolopolo' panthawi yothira. Mumapeza nkhungu yokongola, koma ngati njira yolowera siinapangidwe bwino - ngati chitsulo chikagunda kachigawo kakang'ono ka chipolopolo mwachindunji kapena chotentha kwambiri - chimatha kusweka nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipse kapena zipsepse. Chobisika kwambiri ndi 'kulowa kwachitsulo.' Chitsulo, mokakamizidwa ndi mutu wa metallostatic, chimatha kulowa mu njere zamchenga ngati chigobacho sichinatenthedwe mokwanira. Mutha kukhala ndi malo owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati magalasi osayerekezeka. Kukonzekera nthawi zambiri kumakhala mumchenga wosakanikirana: kagawidwe kake, kuchuluka kwa utomoni, ndi nthawi yochiritsa ya chipolopolo.
Chinthu chinanso chobisika ndi kuwonongeka kwa gasi. Chigoba cha chipolopolocho chimakhala chodzaza ndi zowonongeka kuchokera ku utomoni. Ngati mpweya wotulutsa mpweya suli wokwanira (zikhomo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpweya ndizofunika kwambiri), kapena ngati kuthira kuli chipwirikiti, mpweya umatsekeka. Imawonekera ngati yonyezimira, pores yozungulira pansi pamtunda. Inu simungakhoze kuziwona izo mpaka inu makina mu izo. Nthawi ina tinali ndi ma ductile iron levers ndi nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chake? Gulu latsopano la utomoni wokhala ndi machiritso osiyana pang'ono. Zipolopolozo sizinali zolimba kwambiri pamene zinkapita ku mzere wothira. Phunziro linali loti ayesetse mozama zinthu zomwe zikubwera komanso kuyesa kuuma kwa chipolopolo choyamba.
Awa sizovuta zamaganizidwe. Ndizo zenizeni za tsiku ndi tsiku za pansi pa maziko. Kutalika kwa ntchito kumasonyeza kuti apanga machitidwe kuti athetse mavutowa mwamsanga. Zaka 30 zomwe zatchulidwa ku QSY sizinthu zotsatsa; ndi buku lazowongolera masauzande ambiri oterowo ndi kukhathamiritsa kwamachitidwe, mwina zophatikizidwa mumayendedwe awo anthawi zonse pano.
The Real-World Fit ndi The CNC Handoff
Ndiye kuti chipolopolo akamaumba kuponyedwa chitsulo kuwala kwenikweni? Ndi za magawo omwe amafunikira kusakanikirana komweko, voliyumu yabwino, komanso kulondola kwa mawonekedwe. Ganizirani ma turbo housings amagalimoto, ma hydraulic manifolds, ma casings ena a pampu, ndi zida zapamwamba zomanga. Mapeto ake ndiabwino kwambiri kotero kuti pamalo osadzikongoletsera, mungafunike kuwomba pang'ono, kupulumutsa pamtengo wopangira makina.
Koma tiyeni timveke bwino: pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi ndondomeko yokonzekera. Mtengo weniweni umakwaniritsidwa mu makina opangira makina. Chojambula chopangidwa bwino chopangidwa ndi zigoba chiyenera kukhala pa CNC vise kapena pazitsulo zosagwedezeka pang'ono, zokhala ndi khoma lokhazikika, komanso zokhala ndi ma datum omwe amapangidwa modalirika. Kudziwikiratu uku ndizomwe masitolo opanga makina amalipira. Zimachepetsa nthawi yawo yokonzekera komanso kuwonongeka kwa zida. Uwu ndiye mgwirizano pakati pa kuponyera ndi makina omwe othandizira ophatikizika amathandizira. Mutha kuwona luso lophatikizika ili lopangidwa ngati chopereka choyambirira tsngtaocnc.com, kuwunikira ulendo kuchokera ku nkhungu kupita ku gawo lomaliza.
Pamapeto pake, kuyika chipolopolo chachitsulo sikungoyika bokosi pachojambula. Ndi kusankha njira yeniyeni yokhala ndi misampha ndi zabwino zake. Zimafuna wogulitsa yemwe amamvetsetsa njirayo osati ngati ntchito yopanga nkhungu, koma ngati chochitika chazitsulo. Malo osalala ndi poyambira chabe; chirichonse chimene chimachitika kuchokera ku sitolo ya chitsanzo kupita ku shakeout, ndipo crucially, kupyolera mu chithandizo cha kutentha ndi pabedi la CNC, limatanthawuza ngati kuponyera konyezimira kumakhala gawo lodalirika kapena pepala lokwera mtengo. Njirayi imakhala yakuya, ndipo kuya kwake ndipamene uinjiniya weniweni - komanso kupulumutsa kwenikweni kapena kupitilira - kumachitika.
