Anthu ambiri akamva 'kutayika kwa sera', amaona chithunzi cha chitsulo chonyezimira chomaliza, chomwe chimatchedwa turbine blade, choikirapo zachipatala, chinthu chamtengo wapatali chokongoletsera. Chomwe chimakwiriridwa, pafupifupi nthawi zonse, ndi nkhungu. Chigoba cha ceramic chomwe sichopangidwa, koma popanda zomwe mankhwalawo kulibe. Ndilo malo opanda pake omwe amatanthauzira chirichonse. Ndipo pali maganizo olakwika, okwera mtengo, olakwika kuti ndondomeko ya sera ndi gawo lovuta. Muzochitika zanga, ndi pamene ntchito yeniyeni sinayambe. nkhungu ndi pamene ndondomeko anapambana kapena kutayika.
Sewero la Shell: Zonse Ndi Zosanjikiza
Tiye tikambirane za chigobacho. Si dip-ndi-dunk imodzi. Ndi mwambo. Mumayamba ndi msonkhano wa sera - mtengo, masango, chirichonse chimene mukuyenda. Chovala choyamba, slurry, ndichofunika kwambiri. Uwu ndi mawonekedwe omwe amajambula chilichonse chamtundu wanu wa sera. Ngati muli ndi mawonekedwe omaliza a Ra 3.2 kapena kupitilira apo, chovalachi chimatsimikizira ngati mungachigunde. Ndawonapo masitolo akugwiritsa ntchito slurry yochokera ku zircon pagawo loyambali, makamaka pazigawo zolemekezeka kwambiri monga zamlengalenga kapena zachipatala. Ufa wosakanizidwa apa ndi wabwino kwambiri, wofanana ndi ufa womwe ungaphike nawo. Zotupa zilizonse? Mudzawawona pambuyo pake ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono toponyera. Zotsimikizika.
Ndondomeko ya stuccoing yomwe imatsatira kuviika kulikonse ndi chigamulo china. Kukula kwa njere ya stucco - silika wosakanikirana, alumina, mchenga wa zircon - kumawonjezeka ndi gawo lililonse. Mphuno yoyamba ikhoza kukhala 200-ma mesh, pafupifupi fumbi, kusunga tsatanetsatane. Pofika malaya achinayi kapena achisanu, mukugwiritsa ntchito 30-50 mesh material kuti mupange makulidwe ndi mphamvu za sera ndikutsanulira. Nyimbo ndi chilichonse: kuviika, kukhetsa, stucco, kuuma. Bwerezani. Malo owuma ndi oyanjana chete. Ndi chinyezi kwambiri, ndipo zigawo sizingachiritse bwino; chipolopolocho chimakhala chobiriwira komanso chofooka. Kutentha kwambiri ndi kowuma, ndipo mumatha kusweka chifukwa cha nthunzi wachangu wa zosungunulira. Ndinali ndi magulu m'chipinda chowumitsira chosayendetsedwa bwino chotuluka chokhala ndi chikopa chachikopa chomwe chimangobweretsa mavuto pambuyo pake.
Ndipo chiwerengero cha zigawo? Izo sizichokera m'buku. Chojambula chaching'ono chamkuwa chikhoza kuchoka ndi zigawo 5-6. Tsamba la nickel-based superalloy turbine turbine turbine turbine 1500°C+? Mukuyang'ana pa 9, mwina 12 zigawo. Mumamanga mpaka chigobacho chikhale ndi phokoso linalake, phokoso linalake losamveka pamene mukuligogoda. Ndi chinthu chogwira. Cholinga chake ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimatha kupulumuka kutentha kwa kutentha (nthawi zambiri steam autoclave masiku ano) ndikusunga mtsinje wachitsulo chosungunuka popanda kugwedezeka kapena kusweka. Ndicho cholinga chonse cha anataya phula kuponyera nkhungu.
Kuwotcha: Nthawi Yachoonadi
Uku ndiye kuyesa kwenikweni kwa chipolopolo chanu. Zosanjikiza zonsezo zatsala pang'ono kutenthedwa. Njira yakale yoyaka moto nthawi zambiri yapita - yosokoneza kwambiri, yopanikiza kwambiri pachigoba. Tsopano ndi high-pressure steam autoclaves. Mfundoyi ndi yophweka: kutentha kwambiri chipolopolo, sungunulani sera kuchokera mkati. Kuphedwa si. Mlingo wa kutentha ndi kukwera kwamphamvu ndi njira. Mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo sera yofutukuka imatha kuphulitsa chipolopolocho kuchokera mkati ngati grenade. Kuchedwetsa kwambiri, ndipo sera imatha kusungunuka ndi kukhetsa mosiyanasiyana, kusiya zotsalira zomwe zimayaka pambuyo pake ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito ya matupi a valve osapanga dzimbiri. Mapangidwe a sera anali okhuthala. Tinayendetsa kuzungulira kwa autoclave. Zotsatira zake zinali 30% kusweka kwa zipolopolo. Sera, yomwe inatsekeredwa pakati pa zigawo zokhuthala, inakula mofulumira kuposa momwe ikanathawira kudzera pachipata. Tinayenera kubwereranso ndikusintha mawonekedwe a sera-kuwonjezera mpweya wamkati, kusintha mapangidwe a zipata-kungothandizira kuchotsa sera. Linali phunziro lankhanza: kapangidwe ka nkhungu kumayamba ndi sera, koma iyenera kutsimikiziridwa pa siteji ya sera. Chigobacho sichimangokhala; ili mu zokambirana zachiwawa ndi sera yomwe idapangidwa kuti ilowe m'malo.
Kubwezeretsa sera ndi dziko lake. Mumatulutsa sera, mumasefa, mumasakaniza ndi sera yatsopano kuti mukhalebe ndi thanzi. Koma imeneyo ndi nkhani ina. Chigobacho tsopano chilibe kanthu, chofooka, ndipo chagwira chibowo chabwino cha gawo lanu. Imatchedwa dziko lobiriwira. Choyimitsa chotsatira: ng'anjo.
Kutentha ndi Kuthira: Kumene Chemistry Imachitika
Ng'anjo yopsereza imagwira ntchito ziwiri: imachotsa phula kapena chinyontho chilichonse, ndikuyika tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ceramic, ndikusandutsa chipolopolo chobiriwira kukhala nkhungu yolimba, yokhala ndi monolithic. Mlingo wokwererako ndiwofunikiranso. Muyenera kuwotcha pang'onopang'ono zinthu zachilengedwe popanda kupanga mpweya womwe umaphwanya chipolopolo. Kuzungulira kwanthawi zonse kumatha kukhala pa 200 ° C kwa ola limodzi, kenako kukwera pang'onopang'ono mpaka 900-1000 ° C. Inu simukungotenthetsa izo; mukusintha chemistry ya binder mu slurry.
Apa ndi pamene chidziwitso chakuthupi chili chofunikira. Ngati mukutsanulira cobalt-chrome mankhwala alloy, chipolopolo chanu chiyenera kukana kulowa kwachitsulo pa kutentha komweku. Chigoba chopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni chikhoza kungochita ndi cobalt, ndikuyambitsa kuipitsidwa pamwamba. Makampani omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chakuya, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., pangani chidziwitsochi muzochita zawo pazaka zambiri. Pa tsamba lawo, tsngtaocnc.com, amatchula za kugwira ntchito ndi cobalt ndi faifi tambala. Izi zimandiwuza kuti apanga zipolopolo zina -mwina ndi zircon zowonjezera kapena zomangira zapadera - kuti athe kuthana ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwa ma aloyiwo. Si njira generic.
Pamene nkhungu ikutentha (nthawi zambiri mumatsanulira ikadali pa madigiri mazana angapo a Celsius kuti muteteze kugwedezeka kwa kutentha ndi kusintha zitsulo zachitsulo), mumatsanulira. Chitsulo chimagunda ceramic. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe anataya phula kuponyera nkhungu tsimikizirani kufunika kwawo. Ayenera kupirira kupsinjika kwa matenthedwe, kuthamanga kwa metallostatic, osati kuyambitsa zonyansa zilizonse. Chigoba chomwe sichimawotchedwa kwambiri chikhoza kusweka. Yemwe amawotchedwa mopitirira muyeso akhoza kukhala wosasunthika. Ndi zenera lopapatiza.
Knockout ndi Zotsatira zake
Pambuyo kuponyera kwakhazikika ndikukhazikika, mumatha kuswa nkhungu. Ndi njira yokhutiritsa, yachiwawa—ndege zamadzi, kunjenjemera, nthaŵi zina mphamvu yankhanza. Chigoba chopangidwa bwino chiyenera kuchoka mumagulu, osati fumbi. Ngati isinthidwa kukhala ufa, ikhoza kukhala yocheperako. Ngati atasakanikirana ndi zitsulo m'madontho, ndiye kuti ndizolakwika-zolakwika za chipolopolo cha alloy.
Mkati mwa chigobacho, chomwe chinakhudza chitsulocho, chimafotokoza nkhani. Iyenera kukhala yosalala. Ngati muwona mawonekedwe okhwima, a lalanje-peel pamtunda, omwe amamasulira molunjika pamwamba pa kuponya. Ukali umenewo nthawi zambiri umachokera ku malaya oyambirira otayirira kukhala okhuthala kwambiri kapena chithumwa choyamba chosakhazikika bwino. Ndi mbiri yazamalamulo ya dip yanu yoyamba. Cholakwika chilichonse m'kati mwa nkhungu chimakhala chabwino pakupanga. Palibe zobisika.
Apa ndipamene mtengo weniweni wa cholakwika cha nkhungu umawonekera. Dzenje pamwamba pa kuponyera likhoza kukhala lophwanyika. Zolakwika kuchokera ku chipolopolo chosweka? Ndiko kutayika kwathunthu, ndipo mwataya mtengo wonse wowonjezeredwa kuyambira patani la sera kupita mtsogolo. Chikombole ndi chodyedwa, koma ndichokwera kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu unyolo.
Kupitirira Mulingo: Zovuta ndi Kuyimba Kwachiweruzo
Sikuti nkhungu zonse zimapangidwa mofanana. Ganizirani za gawo lomwe lili ndi ngalande zakuya, zopapatiza-ngati mbale yamadzi yozizirira yamagetsi. Kupeza matope kuti avale mozama mkati mwa ngalandezo popanda kutsekereza mpweya ndikovuta. Mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zothandizira vacuum, kapena kuzungulira mtengo panthawi yoviika. Kuthira madzi ndikovuta; slurry amatha kuwirikiza ndikupanga mawanga okhuthala omwe amachititsa kuti zipolopolo zing'ambe pambuyo pake.
Kapena ma cores. Nthawi zina mumafunika zibowo zamkati zomwe sizingapangidwe ndi sera yokha. Mumayika zitsulo za ceramic muzitsulo za sera musanazibowole. Tsopano chipolopolo chanu chiyenera kugwirizana kapena kuyika pachimake ichi panthawi yowombera ndi kuthira. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapakati pakati pa chipolopolo ndi zinthu zapakati ndikusintha kwatsopano. Ngati sasuntha pamodzi, pachimake amatha kusuntha kapena kusweka, kuwononga geometry yamkati. Ili ndi gawo lapamwamba, pomwe nkhungu imakhala yophatikiza.
Ndiye pali sikelo. Ndagwirapo ntchito popanga nkhungu za magawo otalika mita imodzi. Chigoba cha chinthu chachikulu chimayenera kuthandizira kulemera kwake pochigwira. The logistics of dipping, drying, and moving these giant, fragile structures is an engineering project in itself. Simungangotsatira buku. Mumapanga zidule—zoyika mwachizolowezi, zowumitsa mwapadera. Ndipamene zaka 30 zogwira ntchito, monga zomwe QSY imatchula, zimamasulira kukhala mtundu wokhazikika, wothetsa mavuto. Mumaphunzira momwe chipolopolo chabwino chimamveka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndi luso lopangidwa pamwamba pa sayansi.
Kotero pamene muyang'ana pa kuyika ndalama molondola, musamangowona zitsulo. Onani mzimu wa chipolopolo cha ceramic chomwe chinapanga izo. Mzere uliwonse, kutsirizika kulikonse, khoma lililonse lopyapyala ndi umboni wa kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera kwazitsulo zomangika, zowotchedwa. anataya phula kuponyera nkhungu. Iwo ndi mboni zosaimbidwa, zowonongedwa pazochitika zonse. Kuwakonza si sitepe mu ndondomeko; ndi ndondomeko. Zina zonse ndikukonzekera kapena kuyeretsa.
