Mumamva 'kutaya sera' ndipo malingaliro ambiri amalumphira molunjika ku zojambulajambula zakale kapena zodzikongoletsera. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Mu gawo la mafakitale, ndiye msana wa kuponya ndalama, njira yomwe kulondola kumayenderana ndi voliyumu, komanso pomwe gawo la 'sera lotayika' limangokhala gawo lotsegulira mumasewera atali, akuda, komanso ovuta kwambiri. Sikuti amangopanga nkhungu; Ndizokhudza kuyang'anira unyolo wonse kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha sera kupita ku gawo lopangidwa ndi makina omalizidwa, pomwe cholakwika pa gawo loyamba limatha kutaya gulu lonse pakatha milungu ingapo ya ntchito.
Chipinda cha Sera: Kumene Zonse Zimayambira (Ndipo Zitha Kulakwika)
Chipinda chojambulira sera ndi chosavuta mwachinyengo. Zonse zimatengera kutentha ndi kupanikizika, koma kuzikonza ndizomveka. Sera si chinthu chimodzi chokha; nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakanikirana, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana otaya. Timagwiritsa ntchito parafini yosinthidwa pazinthu zambiri zazitsulo. Ngati jekeseniyo ndi yotentha kwambiri, sera imazirala pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zibowo zichepetse kapena kupotoza. Kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza mizere yotuluka kapena kudzaza kosakwanira, makamaka m'zigawo zoonda. Ndawona amisiri atsopano akupanga zomwe zimawoneka ngati mawonekedwe abwino a sera, kuti apange ming'alu yamkati mkati pambuyo pa maola 24 pachoyikapo. Ndiko kulephera komwe simukuwona mpaka chipolopolo cha ceramic chimangidwe ndipo zitsulo zimatsanuliridwa, kuwononga chirichonse.
Kuyika phula panjira yapakati-'mtengo' ndi luso lina lamanja. Zikuwoneka ngati mitundu yolumikizira palimodzi, koma ngodya ndi kukhulupirika kolumikizana kumapangitsa kuyenda kwachitsulo. Mgwirizano wofooka ungayambitse 'kutha' panthawi yothira. Nthawi ina tinali ndi gulu la chopopera chopopera pomwe kusokonekera pang'ono mumsonkhano wamitengo kunadzetsa kudzaza kwa chipwirikiti. Zithunzizo zimawoneka bwino, koma X-ray idawonetsa porosity wamwazi m'mavanes. Chigawo chonsecho chinakanidwa. Ndiwo mtengo wobisika wa msonkhano wothamanga wa sera.
Zojambula zenizeni zili mu sera momwemo. Kwa ma tchanelo ovuta amkati, monga ma turbine blades kapena ma implant prototypes azachipatala, titha kugwiritsa ntchito phula losungunuka. Mumaumba pachimake, sonkhanitsani phula lalikulu mozungulira, pangani chipolopolo cha ceramic, ndiyeno mugwiritse ntchito madzi otentha kapena osambira osungunulira kuti musungunule sera yayikulu isanakwane. Ndilo lovuta kwambiri - sera yayikulu iyenera kusungunuka bwino popanda kufewetsa sera yayikulu. Ndizopadera, ndipo si sitolo iliyonse yomwe imapeza bwino nthawi zonse.
Nyumba ya Zipolopolo: Kuvina kwa Ceramic
Kuviika mtengo wa sera mu matope a ceramic si chinthu chamba; ndi zokutira zolamuliridwa. Chovala choyamba, chovala chakumaso, chimagwiritsa ntchito ufa wabwino kwambiri wa zircon kapena ufa wa silika. Izi ndi zomwe zimatanthawuza mapeto a pamwamba pa gawo lomaliza lachitsulo. Fumbi lililonse kapena zonyansa zilizonse pano zimagwidwa kwamuyaya pamalo oponyedwa. Kukhuthala kwa slurry kumayang'aniridwa kangapo patsiku - kumakhuthala pamene zinthu zimatuluka nthunzi ndipo zimafunika kupatulira.
Pambuyo pa kuviika kwa slurry, nthawi yomweyo imayikidwa mumchenga wokhuthala, wonyezimira-kawirikawiri wophatikiza silika pa malaya ochepa oyamba. Njira ya stuccoing iyi imapanga loko yamakina pakati pa zigawo. The rhythm ndi kuviika, mchenga, youma. Bwerezani. Malo oyanikapo ndi ofunikira: chinyezi chokhazikika komanso kutentha. Mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo chipolopolocho chimatha kukhala ndi ming'alu yaying'ono; mochedwa kwambiri, ndipo ndondomeko yanu yopangira imayimitsidwa. Tikufuna malaya 7 mpaka 9 pazitsulo zambiri zachitsulo, kupanga chipolopolo cha 6-8mm wandiweyani. Iyenera kukhala yolimba mokwanira kuti ipirire ndi autoclave dewaxing koma yopitira mokwanira kulola kuti mpweya uthawe panthawi yothira.
Kuyanika komaliza, kapena 'kuumitsa,' kwa chipolopolo chomalizidwa kumatenga maola osachepera 24. Simungathe kuzithamangira. Chigoba chomwe chimamva chouma kunja chimatha kusunga chinyezi mkati. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri (timagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri), kuti chinyezi chokhazikika chimasanduka nthunzi nthawi yomweyo, ndipo pop-mumapeza ming'alu ya zipolopolo kapena kuphulika. Ndatsegula autoclave kuti ndipeze mtengo utaphwanyidwa kotheratu, zidutswa za ceramic kulikonse. Chifukwa chiyani? Chipika chowumitsa chosakwanira cha gulu limodzi, choponderezedwa chifukwa cha nthawi yomaliza. Maphunziro okwera mtengo.
Kutentha, Kutsanuliridwa, ndi Mphindi Yachoonadi
Pambuyo pakuwotcha, zipolopolo za ceramic zopanda kanthu zimapita ku ng'anjo kuti ziwotche. Izi sizongokhudza kuwotcha sera yotsalira; imayika matope a ceramic, kusakaniza tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukhala nkhungu yolimba, ya monolithic. Kukwera kwa kutentha ndikolondola. Zowopsa kwambiri, ndipo kutenthedwa kwamafuta kumang'amba chipolopolocho. Nthawi zambiri timagwira pa 1000 ° C kwa maola angapo, kutengera aloyi yothira. Chigobacho chiyenera kuthiridwa chikadali chotentha - nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa 500 ° C. Kuthira mu chipolopolo chozizira kumabweretsa mitruns ndi kutsekeka kozizira. Nthawi yapakati pa ng'anjo ndi malo otsanulira ndi kuvina kogwirizana.
Kuthira komweko ndi visceral. Kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ngati 304 kapena 316, kapena ma aloyi otentha kwambiri ngati Inconel, kutentha kwa ng'anjo kumatha kupitilira 1600 ° C. Ukekala na lwitabijo ludi na lwitabijo, lwitabijo lukulupilo mu kipwilo. Njira yotsekera yomwe idapangidwa masabata apitawo mu sera tsopano ikugwira ntchito yake yokha. Chipata chopangidwa bwino chimadzaza nkhungu bwino, kuchokera pansi, kuchepetsa chipwirikiti ndi mapangidwe a oxide. Kusapanga bwino kumawaza zitsulo, kutsekereza mpweya ndikupanga zophatikizika. Nthawi zina mumamva kusiyana kwake, phokoso labata, lokwera motsutsana ndi phokoso laphokoso.
Kugwedeza kumachitika chitsulo chitatha kulimba ndi kuzizira. Chigoba cha ceramic chimasweka ndi kugwedezeka kwa makina. Apa ndipamene mukuwona kuponyera kwaiwisi kwa nthawi yoyamba, kumangirizidwabe ndi dongosolo lake lachitsulo. Ndi mphindi ya chowonadi, koma osati yomaliza. Kuyang'ana pamwamba nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa zizindikiro zoyambirira za kupambana kapena kulephera: kubwereza kwachitsulo bwino, kapena zolakwika monga zipsepse (kuchokera ku ming'alu ya zipolopolo), pamwamba pamphuno (kuchokera kumalaya omata), kapena kufinya kooneka. Kwa kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu mu chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama, siteji iyi ndi pamene kulamulira kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa. Kuyang'ana kwawo pazinthu monga ma cobalt apadera ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi kumafuna kuwongolera mwamphamvu m'magawo oyambilira, chifukwa ma aloyiwa sakhululukidwa zolakwika za zipolopolo kapena kutsanulira zolakwika kuposa chitsulo chokhazikika.
Post-Casting: Kumene Kuponya Kumakumana ndi Machining
Gawo la as-cast silikhala gawo lomaliza. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika. Kutaya sera zimakupatsirani 'pafupi ndi net-shape,' koma zolumikizira zovuta nthawi zonse zimafunikira makina. Dongosolo lachipata limadulidwa, nthawi zambiri ndi bandsaw kapena gudumu la abrasive pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, kapena plasma arc kwa zazikulu. Ndiye ndi pa CNC mphero kapena kutembenukira. Chojambulacho chiyenera kukhala chopangidwa ndi machining allowances - zinthu zowonjezera zomwe zatsala pa malo enieni. Chotsani izi molakwika, ndipo mutha kusiya chikopa chosayerekezeka pamalo osindikizira kapena kudula muchopanda kanthu kapena chobisika pansi.
Apa ndipamene ntchito yophatikizika imawonetsa mtengo wake. Ku QSY, kukhala ndi zonse zoponya ndi CNC makina pansi pa denga limodzi ndi mwayi waukulu. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amapereka malangizo kwa katswiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nthawi zonse apeza mawanga olimba pa flange inayake pobowola, zitha kuwonetsa vuto la kuzizirira komwe kuli komweko kapena kuphatikizika kwa slag kuchokera kutsanulira. Ndemanga zachidulezi ndizofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera njira. Imasuntha kuwongolera kwabwino kuchokera pakuwunika koyera kupita kuchitetezo chogwira ntchito.
Tinapanga matupi angapo a valve muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri. Ma castings adadutsa kuyang'ana kowoneka ndi mawonekedwe. Komabe, panthawi yoyang'ana pa CNC lathe, chidacho chimangolankhula mwadzidzidzi ndikuvala mopambanitsa pagawo limodzi la gawo lililonse. Kunakhala kusintha kwakung'ono kwa kuyanika kwa zipolopolo zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chigawocho chikhale cholimba pang'ono, cholimba kwambiri, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti kuzizira kukhale kofulumira komanso kusintha kwapadera kwa microstructure yachitsulo. Kukonza sikunali mu magawo a makina; anali atabwerera m'chipinda chowumitsira, kulinganiza mpweya wozungulira mitengo ya sera. Popanda mawonedwe ophatikizika amenewo, mungangopitiriza kuyaka zida zodulira ndikuimba mlandu zinthuzo.
Zosankha Zakuthupi: Sizokhudza Chitsulo Chokha
Anthu akamalankhula za zida zoponya, amangoganizira zachitsulo: chitsulo chotayidwa, chitsulo cha carbon, chosapanga dzimbiri, ma aloyi achilendo. Koma kukambirana nkhaniyo kumayamba kale. Ndondomeko ya sera iyenera kugwirizana ndi ceramic slurry. Ceramic iyenera kukhala yosasunthika ndi chitsulo chosungunuka. Kuthira chitsulo chokhazikika ngati titaniyamu kapena aloyi ya aluminiyamu yapamwamba kumafuna makina a ceramic (nthawi zambiri opangidwa ndi yttria) kuposa kuthira zitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito refractory molakwika kumabweretsa kusintha kwamankhwala pamawonekedwe, kuwononga kumapeto kwake ndikupangitsa kuti chipolopolo chilephereke.
Kwa ma superalloys opangidwa ndi faifi tambala ndi cobalt QSY nthawi zambiri amagwira nawo ntchito, mawonekedwe akukula kwamafuta a chipolopolo cha ceramic ndiwofunika kwambiri. Ma alloys awa amatsanuliridwa pakutentha kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi machitidwe okhazikika. Chigobacho chiyenera kupirira kutentha kwa kutentha popanda kusweka kapena kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo chiyenera kulola kuti chitetezeke kuti chisasokonezeke koma osati kwambiri moti chimang'ambika. Ndi ntchito yolinganiza yomwe imatanthauzidwa ndi sayansi yakuthupi, osati luso chabe.
Ngakhale mkati mwa chitsulo, kalasiyo imakhala yofunika pakukhazikitsa ndondomeko. Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon ngati 1020 ndi chamadzimadzi komanso chosavuta kuponya koma chimakhala chofewa popanga makina. Chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri kapena chida chimakhala chosavuta kuponya popanda kusweka koma chimakhala ndi m'mphepete. Kusintha kulikonse kumatanthauza kuyang'ananso magawo a jekeseni wa sera, nthawi yowumitsa zipolopolo, kuzungulira kwa kutentha, ndi kutentha kwa kuthirira. Palibe njira yapadziko lonse lapansi. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa, chomwe nthawi zambiri sichinalembedwe, chomwe chimalekanitsa malo ogulitsa ntchito ndi katswiri weniweni. Mutha kupeza zina mwa njira zawo zophatikizira zazinthu izi mwatsatanetsatane muzofotokozera zawo patsamba lawo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, zomwe zimasonyeza kumvetsetsa kothandiza, m'malo mongoganizira chabe, za ntchitoyi.
Pomaliza: Ndi Dongosolo
Kotero, kutaya sera, kapena kuponya ndalama, si sitepe imodzi yokha. Ndi dongosolo lolumikizidwa. Cholakwika mu jakisoni wa sera sichingawonekere mpaka makina akupanga. A hiccup mu kuyanika chipolopolo akhoza kuwononga kutsanulira. Mapangidwe owoneka bwino a gating amatha kunyalanyazidwa ndi kutentha kosawerengeka kosawerengeka. Kukongola ndi kukhumudwa kwake kwagona mu kulumikizana uku. Simukuwongolera njira; mukuyang'anira zochitika zambiri pomwe ulalo uliwonse umadalira mphamvu yam'mbuyomu.
Cholinga si kukwaniritsa luso lazojambula m'chidutswa chimodzi-ngakhale kuti n'zotheka. M'mafakitale ngati ma QSY, cholinga chake ndi chobwerezabwereza, chodalirika, komanso chokhazikika pazachuma pazigawo mazana kapena masauzande. Ndi za kulamulira zosintha mu ndondomeko wodzaza iwo. Sera yatayika, koma maphunziro kuchokera pakulephera kulikonse, malo aliwonse opanda ungwiro, zodabwitsa zilizonse zamakina, ndizomwe zimalowetsedwa munjira zoyendetsera shopu. Ndizo zotsatira zenizeni za ndondomekoyi: osati zigawo zachitsulo, koma chidziwitso choyengedwa.
Mukuyenda pamalo opangira zida, mukuwona kuzungulira kulikonse: phula likusonkhanitsidwa, akasinja amatope akuphulika, ng'anjo zikulira, makina a CNC akung'ung'udza. Ndikosokoneza, kwatentha, ndipo kwadzadza ndi ziweruzo. Ndondomeko ndi poyambira chabe. Zina zonse zokhudzana ndi kumverera kwa sera, maonekedwe a slurry, phokoso la kutsanulira, ndi ndemanga zochokera ku makina ogulitsa. Ndicho chenicheni cha sera yotayika yotayika pa tsamba la mabuku ndikuyika pansi pafakitale.
