Anthu ambiri akamamva 'kupanga zitsulo' amayerekezera munthu akuwotcherera zitsulo ziwiri. Ndi gawo lake, zedi, koma zili ngati kunena kuti kuphika ndikungoyambitsa mphika. Nkhani yeniyeni imayambira pomwe zowala zisanawuluke, ndikusankha zinthu ndi njira yopangira. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri atayimitsidwa chifukwa wina adatchulapo 'chitsulo' chojambula pagawo lomwe limayenera kulimbana ndi kupopera mchere nthawi zonse, kapena kulamula geometry yovuta kupyolera mu njira yolakwika, ndikuwomba bajeti. Kupeka ndi ntchito yomaliza; sewero lalembedwa mu foundry ndi makina shopu.
Maziko: Zimayamba ndi Cast
Simungathe kupanga zomwe mulibe. Ntchito yathu yambiri imayamba ndi kuponya kofiira. Apa ndipamene makampani omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chakuya, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), amakhala ogwirizana kwambiri. Iwo akhala mu masewera oponya ndi makina kwa zaka zoposa 30, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti awona zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zomwe zimalephera. Pamene amakamba za chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera kuti amalize bwino pamwamba pa nyumba yopopera kapena kuponya ndalama kwa tsamba lovuta la turbine lomwe lili ndi mayendedwe amkati, mumamvetsera. Si nkhani zogulitsa chabe; zachokera zaka makumi ambiri kuthira zitsulo.
Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi gawo lina la migodi. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichinthu chimodzi. Kodi ndi 304 ya kukana kwa dzimbiri, kapena 316 ya ma chloride? Kapena tikukamba za alloy-based alloy for high-heat application? Ndikukumbukira ntchito ya kasitomala wokonza mankhwala komwe tidagwiritsa ntchito poyambira 304 wosapanga dzimbiri. Zinapambana mayeso onse oyambilira, koma m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi tili m'mundamo, tidayamba kuwona kupsinjika kwambiri kuphulika pamalumikizidwe owotcherera. Chilengedwecho chinali ndi ma chloride omwe sitinawerengerepo. Tinayenera kupanganso msonkhano wonse pogwiritsa ntchito 316L. Kulakwitsa kumeneko kunali phunziro lankhanza mu sayansi yakuthupi kukhala yosagonja. Zochitika za QSY ndi ma alloys apadera monga cobalt ndi nickel-based ndi chizindikiro chomwe amamvetsetsa madera apamwambawa.
Kuchita bwino ndi 70% yankhondo. Kuyika kopanda zipata kocheperako komwe kumacheperako kapena makulidwe a khoma losagwirizana amatembenuza wotsatira kupanga zitsulo sinthani kukhala maloto owopsa ankhondo panthawi yowotcherera kapena kulolerana kosatheka kwa makina. Othandizana nawo opeza bwino amapereka gawo lapafupi ndi ukonde lomwe lingapangidwe.
CNC Machining: The Precision Interlude
Tsopano, kuponya kwafika. Nthawi zambiri simakhala wokonzeka kutseka. Apa ndipamene makina a CNC amalowera kupanga zitsulo mayendedwe. Kubowola mabawuti, kuyang'ana pamalo okwera, kupanga mizere yosindikizira - iyi ndi ntchito yolondola yomwe imatanthawuza momwe msonkhano womaliza umakwanira. QSY imaphatikiza izi, zomwe ndi mwayi waukulu. Zimatanthawuza kuti gulu lomwelo lomwe limamvetsetsa momwe akuponyera tirigu ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikuchitanso kukonza. Amadziwa komwe angapewere kudulidwa kolemera kwambiri pakhoma lopyapyala, kapena momwe angakhazikitsire ndalama zowoneka modabwitsa popanda kupotoza.
Ndinaphunzira movutirapo kuti kulekanitsa mavenda oponyera ndi makina opangira makina kumatha kuyambitsa masewera olakwa. Wopanga makinawo akuti kuponya ndikofewa kapena kusuntha, woyambitsayo akuti makinawo akugwiritsa ntchito liwiro / ma feed olakwika. Kukhala nayo pansi pa denga limodzi, monga pamalo awo (mutha kuwona njira yawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), amathetsa izo. Kubwereza kobwerezabwereza ndi pompopompo. Ngati chida chikungolankhula pagulu linalake la aloyi, amatha kusintha magawo a makina kapena kuyiyikanso kuti isungunuke. Kugwirizana uku ndi chinthu chomwe mumangoyamikira mutachita ndi zina.
Cholinga cha makina pokonzekera zopangira sikungokhudza miyeso yosindikiza. Ndiko kupanga malo owonetsera ndi zinthu zomwe zingathandize wopanga kusonkhanitsa zigawo zodziwikiratu. Cholakwika chachikwi chimodzi cha inchi pa chokwera mwendo chopangidwa ndi makina chingatanthauze kusayanika kokwanira kotala inchi mukayesa kuwotcherera chimango chachikulu.
Pansi Pansi: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Torch
Ichi ndi gawo losokoneza, lofuula, komanso laulemerero. Muli ndi zida zanu zamakina, mbale yanu yodulira, katundu wanu wamabala. Tsopano zonse ziyenera kubwera palimodzi. Kuwotcherera chitsulo chopangidwa ndi nickel ndi chilombo chosiyana ndi kuwotcherera chitsulo chofewa. Kuyika kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa interpass, zitsulo zodzaza - ndi Chinsinsi. Chitani zolakwika, ndipo mumatsitsa ma carbides m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale lolimba. Nthawi ina tinkafunika kuwotcherera manja a cobalt m'nyumba yachitsulo. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapadera kokha kunali mutu. Kutentha kusanachitike, kutsatizana kwa weld, kuwongolera kuzizira ... kunali ngati kuyesa kwa chemistry.
Jigging ndi fixturing ndi ngwazi zosadziwika. Pantchito yobwerezabwereza, nthawi yomanga jig yolimba, yosinthika imadzilipira yokha kakhumi. Koma kwa amodzi kapena ma prototypes, nthawi zambiri mumachita bwino ndi ma clamp, maginito, ndi ma welds akanthawi. Chinyengo ndikudziwa kuti nthawi yocheperako imapangitsa kupsinjika kokwanira kukokera msonkhano wonse pamalopo. Nthawi zina mumayenera kuyisiya kuti isunthe, kenako ndikuwongolera, m'malo molimbana nayo ndikugonjera.
Kuwongolera kosokoneza. Ndiyo nkhondo yosalekeza. Mukugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu, komweko kuti mugwirizane ndi zitsulo, ndipo akufuna kusuntha. Mayendedwe a welds ndiofunikira. Pa mtengo wautali wokhala ndi zomangira zingapo, mutha kusoketsa weld mwanjira inayake, kulumpha kuchokera mbali kupita kwina, kuti mulinganize kukoka. Nthawi zina mumayenera kupindika mbali zina, poyembekezera kukoka kwa weld. Si sayansi yeniyeni; ndikumverera ndi zochitika.
Ubwino: Masitepe Osawoneka
Kupanga sikuchitika pamene mkanda womaliza wa weld waikidwa. Ndipamene kuyendera kumayamba. Kuyang'ana kowoneka koyamba - kuyang'ana ming'alu, ming'alu, porosity. Kenako kubwera mayeso osawononga. Kulowa kwa utoto pazolakwika zapamtunda pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri kapena aloyi. Mwina akupanga kuyezetsa kwa mkati zolakwika pa wandiweyani zigawo. Pazopanga zokhala ndi zokakamiza, kuyesa kwa hydrostatic ndikofunikira.
Koma imodzi mwamasitepe ofunikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa, ndi post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Pazitsulo zambiri za alloy komanso makamaka zopangira zigawo zolemera, PWHT ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira komwe kumatsekeredwa chifukwa chowotcherera. Ndi njira yowonongera nthawi komanso mphamvu - kumangirira msonkhano wonse mu uvuni waukulu ndikuubweretsa ku kutentha kwapadera kwa nthawi yeniyeni. Ndikoyesa kulumpha kuti mukwaniritse nthawi yomaliza, koma ndawona zotsatira zake: chinsalu chachikulu chopangidwa ndi kompresa chomwe chinasweka momveka patapita miyezi ingapo nditakhala pabwalo, kungochokera kupsinjika kwamkati kuyesa kufanana.
Zolemba ndi gawo la khalidwe nawonso. Zolemba zoyenera zopangira, zokhala ndi ma certs, ma weld process specifications (WPS) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma chart a kutentha kutentha, ndi malipoti oyendera, ndizomwe zimatembenuza mulu wazitsulo kukhala chinthu chodziwika bwino, chodalirika. Apa ndipamene kuyanjana ndi wothandizira vertically integrated kumawonetsanso phindu lake. Ma cert azinthu kuchokera pakuponya, malipoti a makina, ndi zolemba zopanga zonse zitha kukhala gawo la phukusi logwirizana.
Ubwino Wophatikizidwa
Kotero, kuzungulira kumbuyo. Zoona kupanga zitsulo si malonda okhaokha. Ndiko kutha kwa unyolo: kusankha zinthu, kupanga (monga kuponyera), kukonza molondola, ndipo potsiriza, kulumikiza ndi kumaliza. Pamene magawo awa siloed, inu kutaya zambiri. Wopanga sadziwa chifukwa chake dera linalake la kuponyera ndi lovuta, makinawo samamvetsetsa ndondomeko ya weld yomwe idzatsatira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitsanzo cha kampani ngati QSY ndichosangalatsa. Kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 30 popanga ndi kupanga makina kumawapatsa chidziwitso choyambirira cha machitidwe azinthu kuyambira momwe zimakhalira madzi kupita mtsogolo. Akamachita kapena kupereka zida zopangira, akubweretsa mbiri yonseyi patebulo. Sakungogulitsa chipika choponyedwa kapena makina; akugulitsa chinthu chokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika, machitidwe odziwikiratu pansi pa nyali, ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha zodabwitsa zakutsika.
Kwa injiniya kapena woyang'anira polojekiti, kuphatikiza uku ndi chida chochepetsera chiopsezo. Imasalira njira zoperekera zinthu, imalimbitsa malingaliro kuti athetse mavuto, ndipo imapanga macheke abwino pamagawo ambiri. Cholinga chomaliza cha kupanga sikungopanga chinthu chowoneka ngati chojambula. Ndi kupanga chinachake chimene chimachita, modalirika, pansi pa zochitika zenizeni. Ndipo ntchitoyo idapangidwa kale kuti weld yomaliza ipangidwe.
