Anthu ambiri akamva 'kuponyedwa kwa mchenga wa chitsulo', amawonetsa njira yolunjika, pafupifupi yachikale: Sungunulani chitsulo, chithireni mumchenga, kuswa, ndipo mwamaliza. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa chemistry, physics, ndi economics. Gawo la 'ductile' - kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe a graphite ozungulirawo - ndiwaya wapamwamba kwambiri womwe umayamba kale chitsulo chisanafike pa ladle. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri akupunthwa powona mchenga ngati chidebe chokhazikika m'malo mochita nawo gawo lomaliza.
Maziko Ndi Chilichonse: Mchenga Si Mchenga Wokha
Mutha kukhala ndi kusungunuka koyenera, kukhazikika bwino kwa nodularization, koma ngati mchenga wanu wazimitsidwa, ndiye kuti mwawonongeka. Sikuti kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika. Nambala ya fineness yambewu ya AFS, dongo (bentonite), mulingo wa chinyezi - izi siziwerengero chabe papepala. Amapereka mphamvu ya nkhungu potulutsa mpweya, kupirira kutenthedwa koopsa kwachitsulo cha 1400 ° C+, ndikupereka kutha kwapamwamba komwe kumachepetsa nthawi yoyeretsa. Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pagulu la matupi a valve zaka zapitazo. Mchengawo unali wabwino kwambiri ndipo unapakidwa molimba kwambiri. Zotsatira zake sizinali chilema chowoneka ngati chibowo chowombera, koma maukonde ozizirira pang'ono amatsekeka pamalo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zomwe zimangowonekera pakuyesa kwa hydro. Kutayika kwathunthu. Ndipamene mumasiya kuona mchenga ngati dothi n’kuyamba kuuona ngati chinthu cholongosoka.
Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo zopezeka ngati QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.) zimawonetsa mtengo wake. Kuthamangitsa maziko kwa zaka zopitilira 30, mumayamba kumva mchenga. Mumadziwa momwe chinyezi pa tsiku la mvula ku Qingdao chidzatayira zomwe mukufuna kuzifuna, kapena momwe kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga nthawi zambiri popanda kukonzanso bwino kumaba pulasitiki ya dongo. Kuchita kwawo kwanthawi yayitali panjira zosiyanasiyana zoponyera kumatanthauza kuti amamvetsetsa kuti kuwongolera mchenga kwa chitsulo cha ductile sikufanana ndi chitsulo chotuwira - mphamvu zoziziritsa ndizosiyana, chitsulo chimachita mosiyana.
Kapangidwe ka zitseko zomwe zimatsanuliridwa mumchenga ndi gawo lina lofunikira, lomwe nthawi zambiri sililingaliridwa. Ndi chitsulo cha ductile, mukuchita ndi chitsulo chomwe chimakhala ndi malo osakanikirana panthawi yolimba. Muyenera kudyetsa shrinkage moyenera, koma zipata ndi zokwera ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zichepetse chipwirikiti. Kuthamanga kwa chipwirikiti kumalimbikitsa kupanga zinyalala - magnesium silicate inclusions yomwe imasokoneza machinability ndi mphamvu ya kutopa. Nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka pakupanga zipata; ndikotsika mtengo kukonza pachojambula kusiyana ndi kusanja pabwalo lodzaza ndi ming'alu yosweka.
Kuvina kwa Magnesium: Kukwaniritsa Ductility Yeniyeni
Ichi ndiye maziko a ndondomekoyi. Kutenga chitsulo choyambira chokhala ndi milingo ya sulfure yoyendetsedwa bwino ndi okosijeni ndikubaya chitsulo cha magnesium. Pang'ono kwambiri, mumapeza graphite ya flake, kutaya ductility. Mochuluka kwambiri, mumapeza mpweya wa carbide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale lolimba komanso losayerekezeka. Njira yofunikira - chivundikiro cha tundish, masangweji, kuyenda modutsa. Iliyonse ili ndi zokolola zake komanso kusasinthika. Ndimakonda njira ya sangweji ya magawo olemera; kumapereka zodziwikiratu, pang'onopang'ono. Simukungowonjezera chinthu; mukuyang'anira chiwawa choopsa chomwe chimasintha khalidwe lonse lolimba lachitsulo.
Post-inoculation ndi sitepe yotsatila yomwe simungathe kudumpha. Chithandizo cha magnesium chimachepa. Ngati mudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti muthire, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta graphite timayamba kuchepa. Kuonjezera inoculant mochedwa ngati ferrosilicon musanayambe kuthira kumapanga malo atsopano a nucleation, kuonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa nodule ndi yunifolomu, matrix abwino. Ndayang'anitsitsa zomwe zimapangidwira nthawi yomwe ili pakati pa chithandizo ndi kutsanulira. Kutsitsa pambuyo pa zenera lina kumakhala kolimba. Imakakamiza kuyimba pansi pa sitolo komwe kumawoneka kosokoneza koma kwenikweni ndi ballet yokhazikika nthawi yake.
Kulankhula za katundu, kukopa kwa ductile chitsulo mchenga kuponyera ndi osiyanasiyana omwe mungapeze. Mutha kuyang'ana EN-GJS-400-18 kuti mutalike kwambiri, kapena kukankhira ku GJS-700-2 kuti mupeze mphamvu. Koma inu simupeza izo mwa kungosintha Chinsinsi mu ng'anjo. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa chemistry, kuzirala komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi nkhungu yamchenga (zigawo zokulirapo zimazizira pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa nodule ndi masanjidwewo), ndipo nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chotsatira cha kutentha. Kumangirira kuti ferritize, kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kwa pearlitic kapena martensitic - kuponyera mchenga ndi sitepe yoyamba paulendo wautali wopita kumalo omaliza.
Pomwe Ikukwanira ndi Pomwe Siikuyenera
Kuponya mchenga wa chitsulo si yankho ku gawo lirilonse. Pakuvuta kwambiri, zida zapakhoma zopyapyala zololera mopenga, zopangira ndalama kapena kupanga zipolopolo zitha kukhala zabwinoko. Koma pazomwe zimachita bwino, sizingapambane pamtengo wapakati kapena zazikulu. Ganizirani nyumba zapampopi, ma gearbox olemera kwambiri, ma hydraulic manifolds akulu, kapena zida zamakina. Kuthekera kokwanira komanso kutsika mtengo kwa zida zopangira mchenga (makamaka zamtundu umodzi kapena zochepa) zimapangitsa kuti zitheke. Kampani ngati QSY, yomwe imapereka nkhungu ndi mchenga, ili pamalo abwino kulangiza pa izi. Atha kuyang'ana chojambulira ndi kunena moona mtima, Pa bulaketi iyi, kuponya mchenga ndikokwanira, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito nkhungu ya chipolopolo, kapena Nyumba yamagetsi iyi imafunikira kuwongolera kotentha kokha ndi nkhungu yopangidwa bwino yomwe ingapereke.
Chilolezo cha makina ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazachuma. Pamalo a mchenga ndi okhwimitsa. Muyenera kusiya katundu wambiri kuti makina a CNC ayeretse. Ndiko kuwononga nthawi yachitsulo ndi makina. Mchenga wopangidwa bwino wokhala ndi mchenga wa zirconia kapena chromite m'malo ovuta kwambiri ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kutha kwapamwamba kwambiri, kuchepetsa mwayiwo. Ndi kuwerengera mtengo-phindu. Pamalo osafunikira amkati, chilolezo cha 3-5mm ndichabwino. Pampando wonyamula, mukufuna kuti ikhale yolimba momwe mungathere, mwina 1.5-2mm, yomwe imafuna nkhungu yabwino kwambiri.
Mutu weniweni wa dziko? Kusiyana kwamitundu. Mchenga nkhungu ukhoza kupotoza pamene kuthira, kapena chitsanzo amavala. Kwa gawo lovuta, kukhala ndi kulolerana kolimba pagulu lalikulu ndizovuta. Nthawi zambiri mumayenera kupanga chipukuta misozi muzojambula - luso lokha. Nthawi ina tinali ndi vuto lobwerezabwereza ndi malo ocheperako pamtundu wa compressor. Chitsanzocho chinali changwiro, koma zojambulazo zinali zitachotsedwa ndi theka la millimeter. Wolakwa? Kuphatikizika kwa mchenga kuzungulira pachimake sikunali kofanana, zomwe zimalola kuti zolemera zisunthike pang'ono pakuthira. Kukonzekera kunali kukonzanso kosavuta kwa core print geometry kuti atseke bwino. Zosavuta poyang'ana m'mbuyo, sabata lantchito yofufuza panthawiyo.
Kuphatikizika: Kuchokera Kuponya mpaka Gawo Lomaliza
Izi ndi zenizeni zamakono. Nthawi zambiri amachita a ductile chitsulo mchenga kuponyera tumizani ngati-cast. Pamafunika makina. Kukhala ndi kuponyera ndi kukonza pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY imachitira ndi gawo lawo la makina a CNC, kumathetsa phiri lazinthu ndi mikangano yabwino. Okonza makina ndi oyambitsa akhoza kuyankhula. Ngati okonza makinawo akuphwanya zida pa gulu linalake, amatha kubwerera kumalo oyambira ndikunena kuti, Kulimba sikungagwirizane, kapena Pali khungu lozizira pano. The foundry ndiye kusintha inoculant kapena kuthira kutentha.
Zipangizo zilinso zofunika. Ngakhale chitsulo chokhazikika (monga 450-10) ndichokwera kwambiri, nthawi zina mumafunika chitsulo cha bainitic ductile kuti musavale, kapena silicon-solution-chilimbitsidwe chothandizira kutentha kwambiri. Njira yamchenga imatha kusinthika, koma khomo ndi kukwera kuyenera kuganiziridwanso kwa ma alloys awa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ocheperako. Kutchula kwa QSY kugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kukuwonetsa-zikuwonetsa kuthekera kothana ndi zosungunula zocheperako zomwe zitha kufunikira pakupanga dzimbiri kapena kusamva kutentha kwa zida zachitsulo.
Pamapeto pake, wopambana ductile chitsulo mchenga kuponyera ndi za kuwona unyolo wonse. Si masitepe angapo koma lupu. Malingaliro a makina amadziwitsa njira yoponya. Ubwino woponyera umatengera zokolola za makina. Ndi njira yachidule, yogwira ntchito pomwe malingaliro amakumana ndi zenizeni za malo otentha, aphokoso. Kukongola kwake ndiko kupanga chigawo cholimba, chodalirika chachitsulo chomwe chimapanga msana wobisika wa makina ochuluka kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira zakale komanso zosinthika zomwe tili nazo. Mumalemekeza ndondomekoyi, ndipo idzapereka magawo omwe amakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri.
