Mukamva 'micro precision Machining', chithunzi chomwe chilipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha zipinda zopanda fumbi komanso makina opangira tizigawo tating'ono kwambiri. Imeneyo ndi mbali yake, koma nkhani yeniyeni ili m’kati—inde. Ndizochepa za kukula kwake komanso zambiri za zolakwika zomwe mukulimbana nazo pa ntchito iliyonse. Mashopu ambiri amati amatha kuchita izi chifukwa ali ndi CNC yamakono, koma kukhala ndi zololera zenizeni pansi pa ma microns 5 pagawo lachitsulo cholimba, cholimba ndi chilombo chosiyana. Ndipamene kulondola kwamalingaliro kumakumana ndi zenizeni za kusokonekera kwa zida, kusuntha kwamafuta, ndi kukumbukira zinthu.
Maziko: Zimayamba ndi Kuponya
Simungathe kulondola makina kukhala maziko oyipa. Ili ndi phunziro lomwe mwaphunzira movutikira. Kumayambiriro, tinkalandira ndalama zochokera kuzinthu zoyambira, zokongola kunja, koma ndi makulidwe osagwirizana ndi khoma kapena kuchepa kwamkati komwe kumangowonekera mutakhala kale maola ambiri pakupanga ndi mphero. Njira yonse ingakhale yopanda pake. Ndicho chifukwa chake kulamulira unyolo wonse sikungakambirane. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. ali ndi lingaliro loyenera-kuphatikiza zipolopolo ndi kuyika ndalama ndi ntchito zawo zamakina. Mukakhala mukupanga kwa zaka 30, mumamvetsetsa momwe mbewu zamtundu wa nickel-based alloy zimapangidwira, ndipo mutha kuwongolera gawolo mu nkhungu kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa makina pambuyo pake. Sichinthu chomwe mungagule; ndi chidziwitso chophika-mu.
Cholinga chawo pazitsulo zapadera, monga cobalt ndi nickel-based, zikunena. Awa si mapepala anu a aluminiyamu wamba. Ndizovuta, zopweteka, komanso zodula. Kuyesa micro precision Machining pa iwo ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika ndi njira yofulumira kupita ku zida zowonongeka ndi mbali zosalolera. Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa kuponyedwa ndikofunikira. Khungu lakumtunda, kupsinjika kotsalira kochokera ku kuziziritsa - ngati izi sizikuyendetsedwa mu gawo loyambira, katswiri wamakina akumenya nkhondo yotayika kuyambira pakudula koyamba.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yamagawo amafuta ku Inconel. Choyimiracho chimafuna kuti 0.8mm m'mimba mwake chibowo chikhale chololera ± 0.005mm. Tinapeza ndalama zopangira ndalama kunja, ndipo zikuwoneka bwino. Koma pobowola, micro-bowola imayenda nthawi zonse, pang'ono. Tinayesa ma feed osiyanasiyana, kuthamanga, ngakhale zida zamtundu wina. Kulephera kunali kosasinthasintha. Chifukwa chake? Kachulukidwe kazinthu kosagwirizana m'dera lapadera la kuponyera kuchokera ku njira yoyambirira. Phunzirolo linali lokwera mtengo: pa ntchito yeniyeni yaying'ono, katswiri wamakina ndi woyambitsa ayenera kulankhula chinenero chomwecho. Uwu ndiye mwayi wophatikizika womwe woyimitsa umodzi ali nawo.
Chida Chamakina Ndi Chiyambi Chake
Aliyense amakhudzidwa ndi makina. Inde, mufunika CNC yolondola kwambiri yokhala ndi mayankho agalasi, chipukuta misozi, komanso chimango cholimba. Koma ndiye mtengo wolowera. Zosiyanitsa zenizeni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu zosawoneka bwino. Kugwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo. Kwa gawo lomwe mwina 10mm cubed, vise wamba ndiyopanda ntchito. Mufunika makonda, ma kinematic mounts kapena vacuum chucks opangidwira kuti asokoneze pang'ono. Mphamvu yochokera ku clamping imatha kupotoza gawolo mosavuta kuposa bajeti yanu yonse yololera.
Ndiye pali tooling. Makina omaliza a carbide kuchokera pamndandanda sangadule-pun yofuna. Timagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri opanga zida omwe amatipera zida kutengera aloyi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mphero yomaliza ya mphuno ya 0.5mm popanga mizere yobisika pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri motsutsana ndi imodzi yachitsulo chonyezimira ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi geometry ndi zokutira. Mumakulitsa maubale ndi othandizira awa; mumawatumizira zitsanzo za zinthuzo, ndipo amatumizanso zitsanzo. Ndi kubwerezabwereza, kuchitapo kanthu.
Kutulutsa kozizira ndi kutulutsa chip kumakhala zovuta kwambiri pamlingo uwu. Kachipangizo kakang'ono kakang'ono ka chip kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chaching'ono. Tasamukira ku makina oziziritsa othamanga kwambiri, opitilira-spindle osati kungoziziritsa, koma makamaka kuphulitsa tchipisi tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono. Zikumveka zophweka, koma kuyimba mu kukakamizidwa-kokwanira kuchotsa tchipisi koma osakwanira kupotoza chida kapena gawolo-ndikoyenera kwatsiku lonse kuyezetsa ndikuwunika pansi pa maikulosikopu.
Kuyeza ndi Mlonda Wachipata
Apa ndi pomwe mphira umakumana ndi msewu. Kuwerenga kwamakina anu kunganene kuti ndi pa X0.000, Y0.000, koma ndizoonadi? Za micro precision Machining, kufufuza m'kati ndi kothandiza koma osati kotsimikizika. Kutsimikizira komaliza kumachitika pamakina, muchipinda chowongolera nyengo. Tikukamba za makina oyezera ogwirizanitsa (CMM) okhala ndi ma probe omwe ali ndi nsonga ya 0.3mm kapena makina owoneka bwino / makanema oyesa osalumikizana ndi osalimba.
Deta imanena za nkhaniyi. Simungoyang'ana chiphaso / kulephera. Mukuyang'ana ma chart a statistical process control (SPC). Kodi pali kutsetsereka m'mimba mwake mwabowolo pamene makina amawotha pakuyenda kwa maola 4? Kodi kumapeto kwa m'mbali mwa dzino la giya yaying'ono kumagwirizana, kapena kumasonyeza zizindikiro za kuvala kwa zida kuyambira pa nambala 50 mwa 100? Lipoti la muyeso si satifiketi chabe; ndi chida chowunikira panjira yonseyi.
Ndawona mbali zokongola zikulephera chifukwa protocol yoyezera inali yolakwika. Kuyeza gawo la 1mm ndi nsonga ya 1mm yopanda phindu - mukuyesa kafukufuku, osati gawolo. Muyenera kukulitsa kukula kwa metrology kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuyika ndalama pazambiri zama probes ndi zosintha zapadera. Ndi ndalama zazikulu komanso ndalama zodziwa zambiri zomwe masitolo ambiri amanyalanyaza.
The Human Factor and Iterative Kulephera
Zochita zokha ndizabwino, koma gawo ili likudalirabe luso la akatswiri. Wopanga mapulogalamu amatha kutsanzira zonse zomwe akufuna, koma munthu amene wakhazikitsa ntchitoyo amamva kudulidwa. Kusintha kwa phokoso-kawirikawiri kakang'ono ka harmonic-kutha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha macheza a zida kapena kuvala nthawi yayitali isanawonekere. Kuyankha momveka bwino kumeneku sikungalowe m'malo. Ndichifukwa chake mudzawona akatswiri odziwa makina akutsamira pafupi ndi makina, kumvetsera, osati kungoyang'ana zenera.
Kulephera ndiye mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito. Tidakhala ndi zolumikizira zazing'ono za titaniyamu pomwe sitinathe kuyika ma perpendicularity pakati pa ma bore awiri. Makinawa adayesedwa, chidacho chinali chatsopano. Tinakhala masiku akufufuza zonse. Chomwe chinapangitsa kuti pakhale masewero osadziwika bwino muzitsulo zosungiramo zida, mwinamwake ma microns angapo. Pamakina wamba, zinali zosafunika. Pansi pa mphamvu zapadera za ntchito yobowola yaying'ono iyi, idayambitsa kuthamanga kokwanira kupha kulolerana. Tsopano tili ndi ndondomeko yosiyana yokonza ndi kuyang'anira omwe ali ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu micro-work.
Maganizo obwerezabwereza awa, othetsa mavuto ndi omwe amalekanitsa malo ogulitsa ntchito ndi ochita bwino. Sikuti kukhala ndi makina amatsenga; ndi za kumanga zolembedwa, woyengedwa ndondomeko yeniyeni zinthu ndi geometry. Apa ndipamene ntchito yophatikizika yokhazikika imawonetsa mphamvu zake. Ngati pali vuto pakukonza makina, amatha kuwunikiranso pakutentha kwazinthu zopangira kapena kutentha kwa kuponyedwa kwa mnzake ngati. Mtengo wa QSY, ndikusintha ndondomeko yakutsogolo molingana. Chiwongoladzanja chimenecho ndi champhamvu kwambiri.
Kumene Izi Zonse Zimatsogolera: Zofuna zenizeni Padziko Lonse
Ndiye kodi kukankhira kosasunthika kumeneku kolondola pang'ono kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti? Sizinthu zama labu chabe. Ndi zachipatala: ma implants a mafupa okhala ndi porous malo kuti fupa ingrowth, pomwe kabowo kakang'ono kalikonse kamayenera kukhala mkati mwa zina. Zili mumlengalenga: milomo yojambulira mafuta ya ma turbines, pomwe mawonekedwe ake amawunikidwa ndi ma geometries opangidwa kukhala ma aloyi olimba kwambiri. Kupatuka kwa ma microns ochepa kumasintha mawonekedwe opopera, mphamvu, ndi mpweya.
Chofunikira ndichovuta kwambiri m'maenvulopu ang'onoang'ono. Chigawo chimodzi chitha kuphatikiza ma micro-mphero, kutembenuza, kubowola, komanso mawonekedwe a EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining). Izi zimakankhira vuto la kukonza ndi kukonza ma datum kwambiri. Kodi mumagwira bwanji gawo kuti makina ake achisanu asasokoneze zomwe mwayika kale pazinayi zoyambirira? Nthawi zambiri, njira yothetsera vutoli imakhala yokhazikika yomwe imakhala gawo lolondola palokha.
Kuyang'ana luso la wothandizira, tsopano mukudziwa zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana kupyola kabukuka. Osangofunsa ngati ali ndi 5-axis micromachining center. Funsani za zida zawo zama metrology pazigawo zosachepera 10mm. Funsani momwe amagwirira ntchito popanga mipanda yopyapyala. Funsani zomwe akumana nazo ndi aloyi enieni omwe mukufuna, akhale osapanga Zithunzi za QSY katundu wokhazikika kapena kusakaniza kwa cobalt-chrome. Mayankho a mafunsowa adzakuuzani ngati amvetsetsa kugaya, kapena ngati akungokwera mawu. Zoona micro precision Machining ndi mwambo wonse, ukwati wa sayansi ya zinthu, uinjiniya wamakina, ndi luso lochita, loleza mtima.
