Stellite alloy ndi mawu omwe amatanthawuza mndandanda wa cobalt-chromium alloys omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha, kuvala ndi dzimbiri. "Stellite" poyambirira anali patent ya Gulu la Deloro. Mu 2012, Gulu la Deloro Stellite lidagulidwa ndi Kennametal ndipo lidakhala chizindikiro cholembetsedwa cha Kennametal, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt.
Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala a Stellite alloy:
Stellite alloy ndi ya banja la cobalt-based alloy ndipo makamaka ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
Cobalt (Co) : Chinthu cha matrix, chomwe chimawerengera pafupifupi 50-65% ya kulemera kwake, kupereka mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutopa kwamafuta.
Chromium (Cr) : Zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhala pakati pa 25% ndi 33%, ndipo ndiye chinsinsi chopangira chotchinga chotchinga cha chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), chomwe chimapatsa alloy kukana kwambiri kutentha kwa okosijeni ndi dzimbiri.
Tungsten (W) ndi molybdenum (Mo): Njira yayikulu yolimbikitsira zinthu. Ma tungsten ena kapena molybdenum amaphatikizana ndi kaboni kuti apange ma carbides olimba, kukulitsa kuuma kofiira ndi kukana kwa aloyi.
Mpweya (C) : Zomwe zili mkati zimasinthasintha pakati pa 0.1% ndi 3.0%. Mpweya ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma carbides (monga MC, M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃), omwe amaphatikizidwa mu matrix a cobalt ngati mipiringidzo yachitsulo, kupanga "mafupa" kuti alloy akane kuvala.
Kulimbikitsidwa kwa aloyi ya Stellite makamaka kumachokera ku matrix austenite olimbikitsidwa ndi yankho lolimba ndi ma carbides omwe amagawidwa mu masanjidwewo. Njira yolimbikitsira yapaderayi imathandizira kuti alloy a Stellite azitha kuchepa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono pamene kutentha kumakwera, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika kwambiri.
Makalasi akulu ndi mawonekedwe a Stellite alloy:
Mndandanda wosamva kuvala
Stellite 1: Gawo lapamwamba la carbon ndi high-tungsten lolimba mpaka HRC 48-55. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri odana ndi abrasive ndipo ndiyoyenera mipando ya ma valve, ma bearing ndi ma liner osavala, ndi zina zambiri.
Stellite 4: Mphamvu yapamwamba, kuuma kwakukulu. Ndi oyenera kuzizira kupondaponda akamwalira, mkulu-kupsyinjika kuvala mbali, etc.
Stellite 6: Kalasi yosunthika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri, imadziwika kuti "Jack wamitundu yonse". Ili ndi kuuma kokwanira bwino (pafupifupi HRC 40) ndi kulimba, komanso imakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osindikiza ma valve, ma valve a injini ndi ma bushings osiyanasiyana, etc.
Stellite 12: Kuchita kwake kuli pakati pa Stellite 1 ndi Stellite 6, ndi kuuma kwa pafupifupi HRC 45. Ndizovuta komanso zosavala kwambiri kuposa Stellite 6, ndipo ndizoyenera kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, ma sawteeth, screw push rods, ndi ma valve olamulira.
Stellite 20: Gulu lolimba kwambiri (pafupifupi HRC 60), lomwe limapangidwira makamaka kuti livale movutikira kwambiri, ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manja, mbale zosavala, ndi mphete zosindikizira.
Stellite 100: Impact-resistant ndi cavitation resistant, yomwe imapangidwira kuti ikhale yonyezimira kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamapampu, masamba a turbine, ndi zida zamagetsi.
Kutentha kwambiri/kupanda dzimbiri
Stellite 21: Gulu la carbon low, molybdenum lokhala ndi kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwamafuta. Ma turbine a gasi, ma valve otentha kwambiri, zigawo zamakampani a nyukiliya.
Stellite 31 (X-40) : Ili ndi faifi tambala, imakhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutopa kwamafuta, ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zowongolera mavane mumainjini a aero ndi zida zama turbines a gasi.
Stellite 25: Zomwe zili ndi mpweya wochepa, zotsutsana kwambiri ndi kutopa kwamafuta, makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi sulfidation, oyenera zigawo za chipinda choyaka moto.
Special Performance Series
Tribaloy T-400: Zomwe zili ndi molybdenum, katundu wodzitchinjiriza kwambiri wodzitchinjiriza, wodzitchinjiriza wodzitchinjiriza kwambiri kudzera mu gawo la Laves, makamaka oyenera mavavu a pachipata ndi zida zopaka mafuta opanda mafuta pakutentha kwambiri komanso zowononga kwambiri.
Tribaloy T-800: High molybdenum ndi high chromium, yokhala ndi kukana kovala bwino kuposa T-400, yoyenera malo ovuta kwambiri, owononga kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Stellite alloy
Ubwino wake
Kuuma kofiira kwapadera: Chodziwika kwambiri cha aloyi ya Stellite ndikuti imatha kukhala yolimba komanso yolimba ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kuyambira 650 mpaka 1000 ℃. Ma carbides ake samasungunukanso mpaka kufika pa 1100 ℃, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti zida zambiri zopangidwa ndi chitsulo komanso faifi zitheke.
Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri: Kuchuluka kwa chromium kumapangitsa kuti apange filimu yokhazikika yodutsamo m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowononga, kuphatikizapo madzi a m'nyanja, sulfuric acid, nitric acid ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kukana kwadzidzidzi kwa yunifolomu ndi m'deralo. Makamaka pankhani ya kukana dzimbiri (monga sulfidation), ma Stellite alloys nthawi zambiri amakhala apamwamba kuposa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwapamwamba kwa cobalt sulfides.
Kukana kuvala kwapadera: Kaya ndi kuvala kwa intermetallic friction (zomatira) kapena kukokoloka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, Stellite alloy imachita bwino kwambiri. Ili ndi coefficient yotsika ya kukangana komanso mphamvu yotsutsa-scratch.
Kukana kutopa kwabwino kwamafuta: Imatha kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha (kugwedezeka kwamafuta) popanda kusweka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri poyambira kuyimitsa ma valve, nkhungu, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuipa
Kusakwanira kwamphamvu kwapakatikati: Pakutentha kwapakati (monga 600-800 ℃), mphamvu ya ma Stellite alloys nthawi zambiri imakhala 50-75% yokha ya ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi chifukwa chosowa magawo olimbikitsa.
Kuvuta kwapamwamba kwambiri: Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kulimba kwake, kudula kwa aloyi a Stellite ndikovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, njira zogaya kapena zapadera zokha zitha kutengedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zopangira magawo.
Kuperewera kwazinthu: Cobalt ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri. Zosungira zake zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizochepa komanso zimagawidwa mosagwirizana, zomwe zimatsogolera kumtengo wokwera wa alloy a Stellite. Kumbali ina, izi zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakukulu.
Kukaniza kwa okosijeni pang'ono: Ngakhale kukana kwambiri kuzizira kwamafuta, kukana kwa okosijeni kwa ma Stellite alloys m'malo abwino kwambiri otenthetsera oxidation nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika kuposa komwe kumapangidwa ndi faifi tambala.
