Mukamva 'zigawo za nickel based alloy', chithunzi chomwe chilipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zosawonongeka, zaukadaulo wapamwamba zomwe zimapangidwira mainjini a jet kapena zida zapanyanja zakuzama. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe amawonetsa zenizeni zenizeni zowapanga. Nkhani yeniyeni sikungonena za zinthu zochititsa chidwi za zinthuzo—kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri—ndi za kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukhala ndi chitsanzo cha CAD ndi kukhala ndi gawo lomaliza, logwira ntchito lomwe sililephera kupsinjika maganizo. Magulu ambiri ogula zinthu amawona giredi ya aloyi, monga Inconel 718 kapena Hastelloy C-276, ndikuganiza kuti ntchitoyo imachitika nthawi zambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, ndipamene ntchito yeniyeni, ndi mutu weniweni, zimayambira.
Kuthamangitsa Conundrum: Zonse Zili mu Chakudya
Tiyeni tikambirane za kasungidwe ka ndalama, njira yodziwika bwino ya ma geometries ovuta. Ndi ma aloyi a faifi tambala, sikuti kungothira chitsulo chosungunuka mu chipolopolo cha ceramic. Khalidwe lolimba ndi lotopetsa ngati simulilamulira mosamala. Shrinkage ndi mdani. Simungangowonjezera zodyetsa zazikulu kulikonse; mukuchita ndi zinthu zodula, ndipo kulemera kopitilira muyeso nthawi zambiri kumakhala cholepheretsa kamangidwe kake. Ndawonapo mbali pomwe mapangidwe oyambira a gating system, omwe adagwira ntchito bwino pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, adayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwapakati pagawo lalikulu la nickel based alloy thupi la valve. Gawolo linkawoneka langwiro kunja, koma kuyesa kwa akupanga kunavumbulutsa porous core yomwe ikanasweka pansi pa kukakamizidwa. Kukonza sikunali kophweka; zinakhudza kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa njira yodyetserako chakudya, pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yofananira kuti iwonetsere mawotchi otenthetsera, ndiyeno kutsimikizira ndi mndandanda wa mayesero okwera mtengo.
Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo kuchokera ku maziko omwe akhalapo pafupi ndi chipika zimapindula. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu akusewera, akanakhala ndi ndondomeko zamkati za izi. Iwo sakanangodalira kayeseleledwe; iwo adzakhala ndi laibulale ya deta mbiri ku geometries ofanana, podziwa kuti yeniyeni khoma makulidwe kusintha mu a nickel based alloy part, mufunika chodyetsa cha chiŵerengero cha diameter-to-high, choyikidwa pa ngodya yolondola. Chidziŵitso cholongosoka choterocho mulibe m’buku lililonse; imamangidwa kuchokera kwa anthu olephera komanso ochita bwino pazaka zambiri.
Ndondomeko ya nkhungu ya chipolopolo palokha ndiyofunikira. Kukula kwamafuta a ceramic kuyenera kugwirizana ndi ma alloy kuti asang'ambe kapena kuwonongeka. Kwa ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri a gamma-prime monga IN-738, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumasamba a turbine, kutentha kwa nkhungu preheat ndi kutentha kothira kumakhala ndi zenera mwina 30 digiri Celsius. Muphonye, ndipo mumapeza zolakwika kapena kukula kwakukulu kwambewu. Ndi ballet ya kutentha kwambiri komanso nthawi yolondola.
Machining: Kumene Zida Zimapita Kukafa
Ngati kuponyera ndikuwotcha koyendetsedwa, makina a nickel alloys ndi nkhondo yowononga. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi koopsa. Mumadula, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa chidacho zimauma nthawi yomweyo. Lowani ndi magawo olakwika, ndipo simukudula - mukungopaka ndikutulutsa kutentha kokwanira kuti muwotchere chogwiriracho ku chida. Ndidaphunzira izi movutirapo, ndikuyesa kutsitsa m'mimba mwake pa shaft ya Inconel 625. Anagwiritsa ntchito chida chabwino, liwiro lokhazikika ndi ma feed pazitsulo zolimba. M'mphindi zochepa chabe, choyikapo chinali chitapita, ndipo mbali yakeyo inali yolimba, yonyezimira yomwe inatenga maola ambiri kuti ipulumuke.
Njirayi ndi yotsutsa. Mufunika zida zakuthwa, zopanda pake, nthawi zambiri za carbide kapena ceramic, zokhala ndi dongosolo lolimba kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwapamtunda kochepa, kudyetsa kwakukulu, ndi kudulidwa kosalekeza, mwamakani. Cholinga ndi kulowa pansi pa ntchito-yolimba wosanjikiza kuchokera chiphaso chapita ndi kukameta zakuthupi zisanayambe kuumitsa pa chida. Kuziziritsa sikungoziziritsa; ndi lubricant kupewa anamanga-m'mphepete ndipo ayenera kuperekedwa pa kuthamanga mkulu pomwe kudula mawonekedwe. Ngakhale pamenepo, moyo wa zida umayesedwa ndi mphindi, osati maola. Kwa zovuta nickel based alloy kupangidwa ndi makina a 5-axis CNC, mtengo wa zida ukhoza kukhala gawo lalikulu la ntchito yonse.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake luso lamakina lomwe lalembedwa patsamba ngati la QSY silimangoyang'ana. Kunena kuti amatero CNC makina pakuti ma aloyi apadera amatanthawuza kuti adayikapo zida zamakina oyenera (zopota zamphamvu kwambiri, zopota zolimba kwambiri), amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, amakhala ndi opanga mapulogalamu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amamvetsetsa izi zomwe sizili mulingo. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa sitolo yomwe imatha kuyendetsa gawolo ndi imodzi yomwe imatha kupanga gawo lolondola kwambiri lomwe silingayambitse ming'alu muutumiki.
The Dimensional Stability Ghost
Msampha wina wosawoneka bwino ndi kupsinjika kotsalira. Ziwalo izi nthawi zambiri zimachokera pakuponyedwa kapena kupanga ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamkati. Inu makina iwo kuti kulolerana wangwiro kutentha firiji. Kenako, mumagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha kutentha kwapambuyo pa makina-titi, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi kukalamba kwa ma alloys owumitsa mvula-kuti mukwaniritse zomaliza zamakina. Kutentha kozungulirako kumatha kuthetsa kupsinjika, ndipo gawolo limatha. Nthawi zina ndiwe wochepa, koma wokwanira kuti uchotse ngati kulolerana kolimba kumafunika pazigawo zoonda.
The workaround ndikutsatizana kwa makina ovuta, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kenako kumaliza kukonza. Nthawi zina mumayenera kuchita chithandizo chokalamba chapakati. Imawonjezera masitepe, mtengo, ndi nthawi. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yochuluka komwe tinaphonya izi. Anamaliza kukonza gawolo kuchokera papepala lopanda kanthu, kenako anatumiza kuti litenthetse. Inabwerera itawerama ngati nthochi. Tinayenera kuyesa kuwongola, zomwe ndi zowopsa, ndipo pamapeto pake tidayenera kuzitaya. Phunziro linali loti nthawi zonse tizikambilana za ndondomeko yonse yopangira zinthu—kuchokera pa chinthu chopanda kanthu mpaka chomaliza—ndi wopereka katunduyo ali patsogolo. Mnzawo wodziwa bwino akadawonetsa ngoziyo nthawi yomweyo.
Kuwotcherera ndi Kukonza: Pitirizani Kusamala Kwambiri
Nthawi zina, vuto la kuponyera limapezeka, kapena gawo likufunika kumangidwa kapena kulumikizidwa. Welding nickel alloys ndi apadera kwa iwo okha. Amakonda kusweka kotentha, porosity, ndi kulekanitsa zinthu za alloying. Chitsulo cha filler chiyenera kufananizidwa bwino, nthawi zambiri ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono kuti athetse kusweka. Malowa ayenera kukhala aukhondo kwambiri, opanda sulfure, mtovu, mafuta. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu kungayambitse kukhumudwa.
Kuwongolera kutentha kwa preheat ndi interpass sikungakambirane, monga momwe zimakhalira pambuyo pa weld kutentha kwa magiredi ambiri kuti abwezeretse kukana kwa dzimbiri m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Ndawonapo kuyesa kuyika chiwopsezo chaching'ono pamwamba pa mpope pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo yosapanga dzimbiri. Zinkawoneka bwino poyambirira, koma muutumiki, malo owotchererawo adakhala malo oyambira kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa dzimbiri. Mtengo wokonzanso unaposa mtengo wa gawolo. Pazigawo zofunika kwambiri, njira zowotcherera ziyenera kukhala zoyenerera, ndipo ma welderwo amafunikira maphunziro apadera azinthu izi.
Supplier equation: Zoposa Mndandanda Wazinthu
Izi zimandifikitsa pachimake pakufufuza nickel based alloy parts. Sikuti mukungogula zinthu; mukugula chidziwitso chochuluka cha ogulitsa ndi kukhwima kwawo kothana ndi mavuto. Powunika kampani, zaka zawo zabizinesi, monga zaka 30 za QSY, zikuwonetsa kuti adutsa misampha iyi. Koma muyenera kukumba mozama. Kodi ali ndi metallurgists pa antchito kapena pakuitana? Kodi angakuwonetseni zitsanzo za momwe amathetsera zovuta zofananira - monga kuwongolera kapangidwe ka tirigu mumipanda yopyapyala kapena zida zowongolera zida pogaya m'thumba lakuya? Kodi atha kufotokoza njira yawo yotsimikizira nkhani yoyamba, kupitilira kungoyang'ana miyeso?
Tsamba lawebusayiti limatchula kuti amagwira nawo ntchito ma aloyi apadera (ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel, etc.). Kuti ndi zina zofunika. Ikuwonetsa kuthekera komwe kumapitilira kupitilira menyu wamba. Othandizira abwino kwambiri ndi omwe amakumana ndi zovuta. Adzafunsa za malo ogwiritsira ntchito, maulendo olemetsa, njira zolephera zomwe mukuyesera kupewa. Adzakayikira kapangidwe kanu ka kupangidwa, kutanthauza ma angles owoneka bwino kapena kusintha kwa radius komwe kumapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale lowoneka bwino kapena lotha kusinthika popanda kusokoneza ntchito. Kukambitsirana kumeneko kuli kofunikira kuposa mtengo wotsika pa kilogalamu.
Pamapeto pake, zida zopambana za nickel alloy zimabadwa kuchokera ku mgwirizano pakati pa wopanga woganiza bwino ndi wopanga wokhoza, wolankhulana. Zomwe zili ndi lonjezo la ntchito, koma lonjezolo limakwaniritsidwa pokhapokha pomvetsetsa mozama ulendo wonse kuchokera ku ingot kupita ku gawo loyikidwa. Ndizosokoneza, zodula, komanso zodzaza ndi zolephera zomwe zingatheke. Koma zikachitika bwino, palibenso china chomwe chingagwire ntchitoyo.
