Yang'anani, anthu ambiri akamva 'magiya a ufa,' amaganiza kuti ndi matsenga amatsenga pa ntchito iliyonse kapena zotsika mtengo, zowonongeka zomwe ziyenera kulephera. Chowonadi, monga nthawi zonse, chimakhala chovuta komanso chosangalatsa. Sichinthu chimodzi chokha, koma pamene nyenyezi zimagwirizana—zinthu, mapangidwe, kulamulira—ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri. Ndawonapo mainjiniya ambiri opangira ma giya a PM kuti angochepetsa mtengo pa pulogalamu yodzaza kwambiri, ndikungobwerera m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi gearbox yodzaza fumbi. Luso lenileni siliri mukuwayitanitsa; ndikudziwa nthawi ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Chidziwitso Chachikulu ndi Zidziwitso Zaposachedwa
Chodziwikiratu ndi kupanga pafupi ndi maukonde. Mukuphatikiza ufa wachitsulo ndikuupaka, kotero kuti zinyalala zakuthupi ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi kuwotcha giya kuchokera kuchitsulo cholimba chopanda kanthu. Pazinthu zothamanga kwambiri monga zida zotumizira magalimoto kapena zida zamagetsi, chuma sichingagonjetsedwe. Mumapeza zovuta - mano a helical kapena mawonekedwe osamvetseka - popanda makina achiwiri pachinthu chilichonse.
Koma apa pali hiccup yoyamba yothandiza: kachulukidwe. Mbali ya sintered imakhala ndi porous. Mutha kufika pa 7.0 g/cm3 kapena kupitilira apo ndi kukanikiza kawiri ndi sintering kapena kufota, koma sikuli wandiweyani ngati chitsulo. Izi porosity mwachindunji zimakhudza mphamvu katundu mphamvu ndi kutopa moyo. Chifukwa chake, pampopi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri, yopitilira ntchito yamafakitale? Ndingakhale wosamala kwambiri. Kwa galimoto yocheka udzu yomwe imawona katundu wapakatikati? Zotheka kwambiri.
Apa ndi pamene kusankha zinthu kumakhala kovuta. Si ufa wachitsulo chabe. Mukugwira ntchito ndi ufa wopangidwa kale—monga Distaloy osakaniza ndi faifi tambala ndi mkuwa kuti aziuma. The sintering atmosphere ndi mfundo ina yokhotakhota. Polakwika pamenepo, ndipo mumapeza kuwongolera bwino kwa kaboni kapena kuyatsa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mawanga ofewa kapena ma inclusions omwe amakhala malo opangira ming'alu. Ndimakumbukira gulu la injini yaying'ono ya hydraulic pomwe kutentha kosasunthika kumapangitsa kuti 20% ifalikire pakuuma kwapakati. Adadutsa QA yoyamba koma adayamba kusefukira m'munda mkati mwa maola ochepa.
Kumene Amawala (Ndi Kumene Sakuwala)
Malo okoma, mwachidziwitso changa, ali m'mapulogalamu omwe mumafunikira zinthu zinazake zophatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ovutawo. Ganizirani magiya odzipangira okha mafuta. Mukhoza kusakaniza muyeso wolamulidwa wamkuwa kapena ufa zitsulo mafuta enieni monga MnS mu blend ufa. Pambuyo sintering, zinthu izi kupanga tribological maukonde kudutsa giya dzino. Simungakwaniritse izi ndi zida zamakina ndi zokutira pamwamba chimodzimodzi. Tidapereka magiya angapo oterowo kuti atseke chosindikizira, chosakonza, ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi izi, musakakamize PM kuti ikhale ndi machitidwe olondola kwambiri. Ngakhale mutha kukwaniritsa AGMA Class 7 kapena 8 ndi kukula kapena kupera, kusinthika kwachilengedwe ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kugaya chopanda kanthu. The elastic modulus imakhalanso yotsika pang'ono chifukwa cha porosity, yomwe ingakhudze kuuma kwa servo loop yovuta. Ndi mfundo yobisika, koma ili ndi mapulojekiti oluma omwe akufuna kulondola kwa mphindi ya arc.
Ubwino wina womwe nthawi zambiri umanyalanyazidwa ndi kuphatikiza. Ndinkagwira ntchito pa chonyamulira zida za mapulaneti pomwe zida za dzuwa, zida zapadziko lapansi, ndi mbale zonyamulira zonse zidali zida zamakina osiyana. Posinthira ku zida zazitsulo za ufa, tidapanga ngati gawo limodzi, lopangidwa ndi monolithic sintered ndi mapulaneti ndi zida zadzuwa zomwe zimafunikira chonyamulira. Idathetsa kusonkhana, kuwongolera bwino, ndikuchepetsa mtengo ndi pafupifupi 30% pa voliyumu. Kugulitsana kunali njira yovuta kwambiri yopangira zida komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika a sintering kuti asasokonezedwe.
The Machining Handshake: Mgwirizano Wovuta
Iyi ndiye mfundo yofunika yomwe ambiri amaphonya: PM nthawi zambiri imakhala yomaliza. Nthawi zambiri mumafunika maopaleshoni achiwiri. Ndipamene mnzako yemwe ali ndi machining chops amafunikira kwambiri. Magiya amatha kutuluka mu ng'anjo yofunikira kuti azitha kupirira molimba, kapena njira yotsekera, kapena mano omwewo kuti achepetse phokoso.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuthekera kwantchito kwakampani kumafunika. Khalani olimba ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Ndi zaka zoposa 30 akuponya ndi makina, amamvetsa bwino zitsulo, kwenikweni. Ngakhale maziko awo ali munjira ngati chipolopolo cha chipolopolo ndi kuyika ndalama, chidziwitso cha zinthu zakuya - kugwira ntchito ndi chilichonse kuyambira chitsulo chonyezimira mpaka ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala - chimamasulira mwachindunji. Amapeza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito sintered 4600 alloy gear yopanda kanthu pamakina a CNC osang'amba tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ndikumverera kosiyana ndi kupanga zitsulo zolimba. Zakudya, kuthamanga, ndi zida za geometry zimafunikira kusintha. Sitolo yomwe imangodziwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito imatha kuwononga zida zabwino za PM pomaliza kukonza. Mutha kuwona njira yawo yopanga zophatikizika patsamba lawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Ndawonapo magiya akulephera osati kuchokera ku sintering koma kuchokera ku ntchito yometa yomwe sinachitike bwino yomwe imagwira ntchito molimba komanso yong'amba dzino. Kukonza sikuli kongoganizira; ndi gawo la magwiridwe antchito. Wopereka wabwino amaganizira za unyolo wonse: kuphatikiza ufa -> compaction -> sintering -> ops yachiwiri -> kutsimikizika kwamtundu.
Zinthu Zakuthupi ndi Ma Aloyi Apadera
Kunena za zida, dziko la PM silimangokhalira chitsulo chamba. Apa ndipamene zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa mapulogalamu a niche. Mukufuna kukana dzimbiri? Sintered zosapanga dzimbiri magiya (monga 316L kapena 17-4 PH) ndi zotheka, ngakhale zovuta chifukwa oxide wosanjikiza pa particles zosapanga dzimbiri ufa. Sintering imafuna vacuum yabwino kapena mpweya wa hydrogen.
Zapadera kwambiri ndi magiya amalo otentha kwambiri kapena osamva kuvala. Mukhoza kukanikiza ndi sinter superalloy ufa. Izi zimagwirizana ndi ukatswiri wa kampani ngati Mtengo wa QSY, yomwe imatchula zochitika ndi cobalt-based and nickel-based alloys. Tangoganizani zida zazing'ono, zovuta zomwe zimafunikira mkati mwa msonkhano wa sensor yotentha kwambiri. Kuchipanga kuchokera ku Inconel yolimba ndizovuta kwambiri za kuvala kwa zida ndi mtengo wake. Ngati katunduyo alola, kupanga kudzera pa PM kuchokera ku ufa wopangidwa ndi nickel usanayambe kungakhale njira yotheka, yotsika mtengo. Kugwira, kachiwiri, ndikuwongolera ndondomeko. Kuyika ma aloyiwa nthawi zambiri kumafuna ng'anjo zovundikira zokhala ndi mbiri yolondola kwambiri ya kutentha kuti mukwaniritse kulumikizana koyenera popanda kusungunula zigawo zotsika.
Ndi dera lakumalire. Ndidatenga nawo gawo pakuyendetsa zida za turbocharger wastegate actuator pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotentha kwambiri. Tinali ndi magulu atatu omwe analephera kuyimba tisanayimbe mame amlengalenga. Magiya a gulu lopambana akugwirabe ntchito muzitsulo zoyeserera zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Ndi finicky, koma pamene ntchito, ndi kaso.
Zowona Zenizeni: Njira Zolephera ndi Kutsimikizira
Ndiye mumadziwa bwanji ngati mapangidwe anu a zida za PM akhazikika? Mumayesa, koma mumayesa mwanzeru. Mapulogalamu owerengera magiya wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma module a magiya a PM, omwe amachepetsa kupsinjika komwe kumaloledwa kutengera kuchuluka kwazinthu. Agwiritseni ntchito. Koma osayima pamenepo.
Kutsimikizika kwakuthupi kumasiyana. Kulephera kofala sikuli kutopa kwanthawi yayitali kwa mano, koma kuphuka kwa mano kapena kupindika pang'ono chifukwa cha porous pamwamba pakuchita ngati chotupa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwanu kwa benchi kuyenera kukhala kuyesa kosasunthika pansi pa katundu, osati kungoyesa kupanikizika kopitilira chiwonongeko. Metallography ndi bwenzi lanu. Dulani giya lachitsanzo ndikuyang'ana mawonekedwe a pore. Kodi ma pores ndi ozungulira komanso olekanitsidwa (zabwino), kapena amalumikizana (zoyipa, zamphamvu ndi kusunga mafuta)?
Komanso, ganizirani za chilengedwe. Magiya a PM amatha kuyamwa mafuta pa sintering kapena impregnation. M'dongosolo lopaka mafuta, izi zitha kukhala posungira. Mu dongosolo louma kapena lopaka mafuta pang'ono, mafutawo amatha kutuluka ndikukopa fumbi ndi grit, kupanga phala lopera. Ndinaphunzira izi movutikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zaulimi. Magiya anali abwino mu labu yoyera koma anatha mwachangu m'munda wafumbi. Tinasintha ndi kuika mafuta olimba ndipo vuto linatha. Ndizinthu zazing'ono izi zomwe zimalekanitsa pepala kuchokera ku gawo lodalirika.
Kuchikulunga: Chida cha Pragmatic mu Bokosi
Pamapeto pake, zida zazitsulo za ufa ndi njira yeniyeni yopangira, osati yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wawo umatsegulidwa kudzera mukumvetsetsa kwakuya kwa malonda: zovuta vs. mphamvu zomaliza, zogwira mtima zakuthupi vs. dynamic performance, ndi kusakanikirana kosasunthika kwa ndondomeko ya sintering ndi zofunikira zachiwiri Machining.
Kupambana kumabwera chifukwa cha mgwirizano pakati pa wopanga yemwe amamvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa katundu wa pulogalamuyo komanso wopanga yemwe amadziwa bwino ufa, makina osindikizira, ng'anjo, ndi makina omaliza. Ndi m'makampani omwe amatsekereza kusiyana kumeneku - omwe ali ndi maziko a sayansi ya zida zoyambira komanso kukonza makina ogulira makina - komwe zida zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zaukadaulo za PM zimabadwira. Simatsenga; ndi njira inanso yopangira ziwalo zachitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi malamulo akeake, zokhumudwitsa, ndi kupambana.
