Wina akafunsa za 'mitundu yaufa ya zitsulo,' yankho lomwe lilipo m'mabuku nthawi zambiri limakhala mndandanda waukhondo: makina osindikizira ndi sinter, jekeseni wazitsulo, kutentha kwa isostatic, ndi zina zotero. Koma m'machitidwe, gululo limakhala loyera kwambiri. Zimaphonya chifukwa chomwe mungasankhire mbali ina, komanso kusagwirizana kwenikweni komwe kumabwera ndi chilichonse. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri akubwera pomwe chisankhocho chikuwoneka chotengera kufotokozera m'mabuku m'malo momvetsetsa zopinga zomwe zikuchitika. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe mitundu iyi ikutanthauza pamene mukuyesera kupanga gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito, lokhalitsa, komanso losasokoneza bajeti.
The Workhorse: Common Press Press ndi Sinter
Apa ndi pamene anthu ambiri amayambira, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Ndiwotsika mtengo pamitundu yayikulu ya mawonekedwe osavuta. Mumatenga ufa wachitsulo, mudzaze kufa, kukanikiza pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu, ndiyeno muwuike mu ng'anjo kuti mugwirizane ndi particles. Chinsinsi apa ndi 'chosavuta.' Njira zapansi? Ziyiwaleni. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makulidwe a khoma? Mukupempha zovuta ndi kachulukidwe ma gradients omwe aziwoneka pochita.
Nthawi ina tinali ndi polojekiti yopangira zida zazing'ono. Chojambulacho chinkawoneka bwino Press ndi sinter. Koma kasitomalayo anali ndi pobowo lakuthwa, lozama la mphete yotsekera. Mkati mwa sintering, gawo lopyapyalalo linapindika. Tinayenera kubwereranso ndikukonzanso poyambira kuti pakhale malo ocheperako, omwe adafunikira kusintha kwa gawo lokweretsa. Ndizinthu zazing'ono izi zomwe mulibe m'kabukuka. Mawonekedwe amakina ndi abwino, koma ndi anisotropic - amphamvu kwambiri potengera momwe amawonera. Ngati katundu wanu sakugwirizana ndi izo, muyenera kudziwa.
Zomwe zili pano ndizotakata, kuchokera kuzitsulo zachitsulo-mkuwa-carbon pazigawo zoyambira mpaka zitsulo zotsika. Koma mukamapempha zinthu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosindikizira ndi sinter, muyenera kusamala. Mphepete mwa sintering iyenera kuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu kuti muteteze chromium oxidation, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo. Nthawi zina, ndizomveka kunena zosiyana ufa zitsulo njira kapena njira ina yopangira palimodzi.
Pamene Kuvuta Sikukambitsirana: Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
MIM ndi yankho pamene gawo lanu likuwoneka ngati chigawo chopangidwa ndi jekeseni wa pulasitiki koma chiyenera kukhala chitsulo. Ganizirani zowoneka mocholowana, ting'onoting'ono, zocholoŵana—mabulaketi okhala ndi mabowo angapo pamakona osaneneka, nsagwada za zida zopangira opaleshoni, zotsekera zazing'ono. Njirayi imasakaniza ufa wachitsulo wabwino ndi polima binder, jekeseni amawumba, amamangirira chomangira, ndikuchiyika. Mumapeza kachulukidwe kokwanira komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri.
Nsomba? Ndi njira yayitali, yosalimba kwambiri. Gawo la debinding ndi lovuta komanso lochedwa; thamangitsani, ndipo mumapeza ming'alu kapena matuza. Kuchulukirako pakutha komaliza kumakhala kofunikira komanso kodziwikiratu, koma muyenera kupanga zida za nkhungu kuti mubwezere bwino. Ndimakumbukira gulu la zida zolumikizira pomwe zida zidadulidwa kutengera chinthu choyambirira, chocheperako pang'ono. Kuthamanga konseko kunatuluka pang'ono peresenti yochepa. Zopanda ntchito. Phunziro linali loti nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse muziyesa mayesero ndi ufa weniweni ndi binder feedstock yomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito popanga.
Pamtengo, ndizokwera pagawo lililonse kuposa makina osindikizira ndi sinter, koma pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, ndizosagonjetseka. Tapeza magawo a MIM kwa makasitomala omwe akufunika mawonekedwe ovuta, owoneka bwino kwambiri pomwe makina olimba amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Makampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi maziko awo akuya mu kuponyedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi kupanga makina, nthawi zambiri amapereka ntchito zachiwiri zofunika pa zigawo za MIM, monga kulondola kwa CNC kukonza malo ovuta kwambiri pambuyo pojambula kuti agunde kulolerana komwe ndondomeko ya MIM yokha singatsimikizire.
Malo Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri: Kuthamanga kwa Isostatic Yotentha (HIP) ndi Kupitirira
Apa ndipamene mumapita mbali zomwe sizingakhale ndi voids. Ndikutanthauza, zero porosity. Ma turbine turbine blades, ma implants apamwamba azachipatala, mafuta otsika kwambiri & zida zamagesi. HIP imagwiritsa ntchito ufa wopangidwa kale (nthawi zambiri umatsekeredwa mu chidebe chosindikizidwa) kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa isostatic kuchokera kumbali zonse nthawi imodzi. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zowawa kwambiri, zosakanikirana ndi microstructure.
Mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Zipangizozi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kugula ndi kuyendetsa. Si njira yapamwamba kwambiri. Mukuigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Njira yosangalatsa yosakanizidwa ikugwiritsa ntchito HIP kuchiza zofooka zamkati muzojambula. Awa ndi malo omwe ukatswiri wa zinthu za ogulitsa ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala kapena opangidwa ndi cobalt-odziwika pantchito yopangira ndalama yopangidwa ndi makampani ngati QSY (mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwawo pazachuma). https://www.tsingtaocnc.com) -mafunika kudziwa bwino momwe ufa umakhalira panthawi ya HIP kuti mupewe mapangidwe osayenera.
Pamwamba pa HIP, pali dziko lonse la mitundu yomwe ikubwera komanso yapadera. Spark Plasma Sintering yama ceramics apamwamba komanso ma composite. Zowonjezera kupanga zitsulo, zomwe zimakhala zosanjikiza ndi zosanjikiza ufa zitsulo. Koma ndi AM, mukugulitsa kuthamanga kwa isotropic kwa HIP chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa laser kapena ma elekitironi. Zomwe zimamangidwa pamwamba komanso kupsinjika kwamkati ndi zilombo zosiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafunikira njira ya HIP kuti itseke micro-porosity. Ndizochepa mtundu wosiyana komanso chida chatsopano mubokosi lazida lophatikiza ufa.
Zofunika ndi Uthenga
Simungathe kulekanitsa mtundu wa ndondomeko kuchokera kuzinthu. Kuyankhula za mitundu ya ufa zitsulo popanda kukambilana ufa uli ngati kulankhula za kuphika osatchula zosakaniza. Ufa wa atomu wamadzi ndi wotsika mtengo, wosakhazikika, ndipo ndi wabwino kusindikiza ndi sinter. Ufa wa atomu wa mpweya ndi wozungulira, umayenda bwino ku MIM kapena AM, koma ndi wokwera mtengo. Njira yopangira ma alloying ndiyofunikanso-kodi mukugwiritsa ntchito ufa wopangidwa kale kapena kusakaniza ufa woyambira? Pre-alloyed imapereka zinthu zofanana koma ndizokwera mtengo. Kusakaniza kwa elemental kungayambitse inhomogeneity ngati sikukonzedwa bwino.
Tinali ndi vuto losanthula kulephera pa gawo lachitsulo chowumitsa sinter. Adanenedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito zovala zapamwamba. Gawolo linadutsa QC yoyamba koma inalephera msanga m'munda. Metallurgy anasonyeza m'madera madera anapitiriza austenite, amene ndi ofewa. Chifukwa chake? Kusakanikirana kosagwirizana kwa chowonjezera cha graphite (carbon) ndi ufa wachitsulo woyambira musanakanikize. Pakuwotcha, mpweya sunafalikire mofanana, kotero kuti madera ena sanawumitsidwe bwino. Kukonzekera kunali kusintha kwa ufa wachitsulo wopangidwa kale ndi carbon kale mu njira. Vuto lathetsedwa, koma pamtengo wokwera 15%. Ndiwo mtundu wa kusinthanitsa komwe kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyanjana ndi maziko kapena malo ogulitsira makina omwe amamvetsetsa zida pamlingo uwu ndikofunikira. Kampani yomwe ili ndi zaka 30 pakupanga ndi kupanga, monga QSY, imabweretsa chidziwitso chazitsulo. Atha kukhala kuti sakupanga ufa, koma amadziwa momwe zidazi zimakhalira pakatentha komanso kupsinjika kwa ntchito yawo chitsulo, chitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi ma aloyi apadera. Chidziwitso chophatikizikachi ndichofunika kwambiri mukasankha njira ya PM ndikuyembekeza momwe gawolo lizichitira pambuyo pa sintering.
Kulumikizana ndi Traditional Manufacturing
Mizere ikusokonekera. Njira yodziwika kwambiri tsopano ndi a ufa zitsulo njira ya pafupi-ukonde yotsatiridwa ndi makina olondola. Mutha MIM kapena kusindikiza ndikuyika gawo mpaka 95% ya mawonekedwe ake omaliza, kenaka mubweretse mphero ya CNC kuti ipange makina olondola, ulusi, kapena malo osindikizira ovuta. Njira yosakanizidwa iyi imakulitsa mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Ndagwira ntchito pa matupi a valve komwe mavesi akuluakulu amkati adapangidwa kudzera pa MIM, koma nkhope za flange ndi madoko a ulusi anali CNC opangidwa ndi post-sintering. Inali njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira kumalizidwa kofunikira komanso kulolerana kwa geometric pazinthu zenizenizo. Wothandizira omwe amapereka ukadaulo wa PM komanso makina am'nyumba, monga momwe QSY imayang'ana pakupanga nkhungu, kuponya ndalama, ndi makina a CNC, ali pabwino pakupanga njira zophatikizira zamtunduwu. Imawongolera kulankhulana ndi kuyankha mlandu.
Kusankha mtundu wa PM, ndiye, sichosankha chokha. Ndilo gawo loyamba pakupanga mapulani. Muyenera kufunsa: Ndi ntchito ziti zachiwiri zomwe zidzafunike? Kodi gawolo lidzatha bwanji? Zokutidwa? Njira ya sintering imakhudza chemistry yapamwamba, yomwe imatha kukhudza kumamatira kwa plating kapena ntchito ya utoto. Zonse zolumikizidwa. Kuganiza ngati kungosankha 'mtundu' kuchokera pamenyu ndiye cholakwika chachikulu chomwe mungapange. Ndi za uinjiniya wa chain chain ndi unyolo wazinthu zomwe zimapereka gawo logwira ntchito. Ufa ndi chiyambi chabe.
