Tinene zoona, anthu ambiri akamva kuulutsidwa kolondola kwambiri, amajambula mbali yopanda cholakwika, yonyezimira ikutuluka mu nkhungu, yokonzeka kutumiza. Ndilo maloto otsatsa. Zowona, kugaya kwatsiku ndi tsiku, ndikukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa geometry yabwino pamtundu wa CAD ndi fiziki yamakani yachitsulo chosungunuka. Sizokhudza kulolerana zolimba; ndi za kulosera zodziwikiratu, kubwerezedwa zolimba kulolerana kudutsa gulu la 50 kapena 5000, makamaka pamene mukuchita ndi njira zovuta mkati kapena zigawo woonda-mipanda amene angapange makina thukuta. Makasitomala ambiri amabwera akuganiza kuti ndi njira yabwinoko yopangira mchenga, koma kusiyana pakuwongolera njira, machitidwe azinthu, ndi kukonza pambuyo kuli ngati phompho.
Pansi pa Kulondola: Ndi Dongosolo, Osati Njira
Kuponyedwa kolondola kwambiri, m'malingaliro mwanga, kumayamba kalekale ng'anjo isanazime. Zimakhazikika pakusankha koyambirira. Kwa ife, izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kupanga ndalama kapena kupanga nkhungu. Kusankha sikungochitika. Ngati gawo liri ndi ma angles akuya, oloweranso mkati kapena likufuna kumaliza bwino kuposa Ra 6.3, kuponya ndalama nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira yokhayo yotheka. Koma ndawona mapulojekiti akulephera chifukwa chisankhochi chidapangidwa papepala lololera popanda kuganizira za alloy. Mwachitsanzo, alloy yapamwamba ya nickel, imachita mosiyana kwambiri panthawi yolimba mu chipolopolo cha ceramic poyerekeza ndi carbon steel-zofunika kudyetsa, chiopsezo cha kung'ambika kotentha, zili pamlingo wina.
Apa ndipamene zaka 30 zogwira ntchito kwa kampani ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) zimafunikira. Si baji patsamba; ndi anasonkhanitsa, pafupifupi mwachilengedwe laibulale amene kaloti kusewera bwino ndi njira. Mutha kuwerenga za shrinkage rate ya 17-4PH chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma kudziwa momwe mungasinthire njira yolowera kuti igwirizane ndi shrinkage panyumba ya turbine turbine, kutengera ntchito yofananayo kuyambira zaka zisanu zapitazo, ndikolondola kwenikweni. Cholinga chawo pazitsulo zapadera, monga cobalt ndi nickel-based, si mndandanda wazinthu; zikutanthawuza kuti adalimbana ndi kuthetsa zovuta zomwe zili muzinthu zogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Mbali ya makina, kuphatikiza kwa CNC komwe amatchula, sikungakambirane. Aliyense amene amadzinenera kuti ali olondola kwambiri popanda makina amkati akutulutsa gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa mawonekedwe anu a datum amayenera kupangidwa mokhazikika limodzi ndi geometry yojambula. Ngati muponya flange yokhala ndi ± 0.2mm kulolerana pa bwalo la bawuti, kenako ndikuitumiza ku malo ogulitsa makina achitatu omwe amawayimitsanso, mwataya mzere wolondola. Kutha kuchoka ku nkhungu ya chipolopolo kapena kuyika ndalama molunjika kupita ku mphero ya CNC pamalo olamulidwa ndizomwe zimasindikiza kukhulupirika kwake.
Kumene Chiphunzitsochi Chimakumana ndi Zowona (Nthawi Zina Zosokoneza).
Mlandu womwe umakhalabe ndi ine umakhudza njira zingapo zama hydraulic test rig. Zolembazi zimafuna kuti pakhale ndime zolumikizana zamkati zokhala ndi mainchesi 12mm, zololera pa ± 0.1mm, mu 316 zosapanga dzimbiri. Pamapepala, zotheka ndi kuyika ndalama zolondola kwambiri. Chitsanzo cha CAD chinali changwiro. Ma prototypes oyamba adatuluka akuwoneka bwino, koma pakuyesa kukakamiza, tinali ndi zotuluka. Osati tsoka, koma seep. Wolakwa? Osati m'mimba mwake, koma kupatuka kosawoneka bwino, kosatheka kuyeza mowongoka wa njanji yamkati yautali wa 150mm, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa miniti ya ceramic core pakuthira. Kulondola kunali pamenepo mumiyeso yokhazikika, koma osati mumayendedwe.
Tinathetsa, koma osati mwa kuwongolera mwamatsenga kulolerana kwa kuponyera. Izo zinali kale pa malire ake. Kukonzekera kunali kukonzanso kogwirizana ndi kasitomala: tidaonjezera pang'ono kukula kwake ndikutchula ntchito ya honing pambuyo poponyera madera ovuta kwambiri. Kuponyeraku kunatifikitsa 95% pamenepo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta (palibe chifukwa chobowola ndikulumikiza mayendedwe angapo), ndipo makina olondola adamaliza ntchitoyo. Izi ndi zothandiza symbiosis. Zinandiphunzitsa kuti kuchita bwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kudziwa komwe kuli malire achilengedwe komanso kupanga zina kuti zigwirizane nazo, osati kulimbana nazo.
Mutu wina wothandiza ndi chofunikira chodzikongoletsera. Zolemba zambiri zimafuna mawonekedwe opanda cholakwika ngati-cast pazinthu zowoneka bwino. Koma kodi kusalakwa kumatanthauza chiyani? Kodi kuyika ndalama pang'ono ndikovomerezeka? Kodi mzere wolekanitsa wochepa kwambiri kuchokera ku nkhungu ya chipolopolo ndi cholakwika? Tinaphunzira kupanga zitsanzo zamatabwa zokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ovomerezeka a pamwamba - mgwirizano wowonekera ndi kasitomala. Imapewa mikangano yowawa ikaperekedwa pomwe gawo limakhala labwinobwino koma limakanidwa pa kuyimba kodzikongoletsa. Zinthu izi sizipezeka m'mabuku ophunzirira.
Zofunika ndi Wild Card
Kugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera a QSY, monga omwe ali ndi faifi tambala, amalekanitsa wamba ndi omwe adadzipereka. Zida izi zimakhala ndi madzi owopsa poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zokhazikika. Mukuganiza kuti mwapanga njira yabwino yolowera pagawo lopyapyala, koma chitsulocho chimangofuna kuzizira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitsekeka kapena azithamanga molakwika. Kulondola sikulephera chifukwa cha zolakwika za dimensional, koma kuchokera ku gawo losakwanira. Njira yogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa zitsulo kuposa nthawi zonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma preheats a nkhungu otentha kwambiri, omwe amadzetsa mavuto ake ndi kukula kwa tirigu komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chipolopolo cha ceramic. Ndiko kulinganiza komwe kuyika kwa metallurgist ndikofunikira ngati injiniya woyambira.
Msampha Woyezera
Simunganene zolondola popanda kutsimikizira, ndipo ndilo dzenje lake la akalulu. Msampha wofala ndi kuyeza mopambanitsa. Kuyika kafukufuku wa CMM pamtundu uliwonse wa kuponyedwa kovuta ndikokwera mtengo komanso kuwononga nthawi. Mfungulo ndikuzindikiritsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri (CTF) - nthawi zambiri malo okwerera, malo otsekera, ndi makulidwe ake ampanda - ndikuwunikira njira yoyezera pamenepo. Kwa ena, malo okongoletsera osafunikira, choyezera chosavuta cha go/no-go kapena cheke chowoneka ndi chokwanira. Ndawononga masiku ndikupanga malipoti owunikira omwe palibe amene adagwiritsa ntchito, pomwe pepala latsamba limodzi lowunikira deta ya CTF likanakhala lofunika kwambiri. Kulondola kumafunika kukhala kothandiza kuti munthu azitha kuchita malonda.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi kukhala ndi makina osakanikirana. Nthawi zambiri, njira yoyamba yopangira makina pamtunda wa datum ndiyo kuwunika kowonekera kwambiri. Mumatenga 0.2mm kudula nkhope yokwera ndikuwona ngati porosity kapena shrinkage ili mkati mwachilolezo chonenedweratu. Ndi ndemanga zenizeni zenizeni zomwe maziko odziyimira okha samapeza mpaka masabata pambuyo pake, pomwe gawo lokanidwa libwerera kuchokera kusitolo yamakina a kasitomala.
Ndiye, Kodi Chomwe Chingaperekedwe N'chiyani?
Pambuyo pa zonsezi, kodi mukugula chiyani ndi njira yoponyera yolondola kwambiri? Simukungogula gawo lokhala ndi manambala olimba. Mukugula mtengo wotsikirapo wa ma geometries ovuta. Mukugula kukhulupirika kwazinthu pachidutswa chimodzi chomwe chitha kuwotcherera kapena kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku midadada yamakina angapo. Mukugula zosungira nthawi yotsogolera pochotsa 80% yazogulitsa zamakina. Ndipo mukugula chigamulo chosonkhanitsidwa cha ogulitsa - kuthekera kwawo kuyang'ana chojambulira ndikuti, Utali wozungulirawu ndi wakuthwa kwambiri pa alloy yomwe mwatchulayo, ipangitsa kukweza kupsinjika; tiyeni tisinthe kukhala X, kapena Titha kupirira, koma kuchulukitsa mtengo wake; kodi pamwambayi ikugwirizana ndi chigawo china?
Kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa operekera, monga momwe zafotokozedwera Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology tsamba (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), kuphatikiza kwa njira zenizeni zoponyera, ukatswiri wa zinthu, ndi makina a CNC m'nyumba ndi umboni wowoneka wa kuthekera kumeneko. Imawonetsa khwekhwe lopangidwa kuti lizitha kuyang'anira mndandanda wonse wamtengo wapatali popanga gawo lolondola, osati ulalo umodzi wokha wa unyolo wogawika komanso wokonda zolakwika. Mayeso enieni, nthawi zonse, ali mu gawo la prototyping. Ndipamene chiphunzitso, tsamba lawebusayiti likunena, komanso zaka zambiri zokumana nazo zimakumana mu gawo logwira ntchito kapena kugwa. Palibe chobisika mu lipoti loyendera nkhani yoyamba.
Pamapeto pake, kuponya kolondola kwambiri ndiukadaulo wokhwima, wothandiza kwambiri, koma simatsenga. Ndi luso lothandizidwa ndi sayansi komanso kuthetsa mavuto ambiri. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimabwera chifukwa chochitenga ngati mapangidwe ogwirizana ndi kupanga mgwirizano kuyambira pachithunzi choyambirira, osati ngati ntchito yogula zinthu. Kulondola kuli ngati kulankhulana ndi kukonzekera monga momwe zilili muzitsulo zomwezo.
