Mukamva 'kujambula mwatsatanetsatane pazida zamankhwala', chithunzi chomwe chilipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosalakwitsa, chosabala chomwe chimachokera pamzere wabwino kwambiri. Ndiwo gloss yotsatsa. Zowona, kuchokera pomwe ndayima kwa zaka zambiri, ndikuvina kowopsa pakati pa zitsulo, geometry, ndi zofuna zosakhululuka za thupi la munthu. Lingaliro lolakwika lodziwika bwino ndiloti ndikungopanga zinthu zazing'ono komanso zonyezimira. Si. Ndizokhudza kuchita zodziwikiratu m'malo momwe kulephera sikungatheke, komanso komwe kusankha pakati, tinene, aloyi ya cobalt-chromium ndi gawo linalake lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lingatsatike pakutopa kwa moyo komwe kumangodziwonetsa pakatha miyezi yoyesedwa. Tiye tikambirane momwe zimawonekera pashopu.
Zofunika ndi Uthenga
Umayamba ndi alloy. Nthawizonse. Kusankha chida chopangira opaleshoni kapena implant si ngati kusankha katundu wa bulaketi. Pali biocompatibility, zedi, koma ndiye tikiti yokha yamasewera. Ntchito yeniyeni ndi momwe imakhalira mkati ndi pambuyo pake kuponya molondola. Tengani 316LVM zosapanga dzimbiri. Kukana kwakukulu kwa dzimbiri, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Koma mawonekedwe ake oyenda panthawi yopanga ndalama ndizosiyana, tinene, aloyi yochokera ku cobalt ngati CoCrMo. Chotsiriziracho chimakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri komanso machitidwe ocheperako. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu yofanana ndi kutsanulira zonse ziwiri, mukupempha vuto - porosity yamkati mu imodzi, misozi yotentha mu ina. Ndawonapo ma projekiti akupunthwa pomwe pano, akungotengera njira yamtundu umodzi.
Apa ndipamene kudziwa zinthu kwanthawi yayitali ndikofunikira. Sitolo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa zikwi zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yachipatala imapanga chidziwitso chachinsinsi. Amadziwa kuti aloyi wopangidwa ndi faifi tambala amatha kukhala wocheperako pang'onopang'ono pakusintha makulidwe a khoma, chinthu chomwe chifaniziro chofananira chingaphonye. Sikuti kukhala ndi certification; ndi za kukhala ndi kukumbukira mu foundry. Makampani omwe ali pachiwopsezo, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu akuponya ndi kupanga makina, atsanulira zinthu izi kudzera muzowonjezereka zaukadaulo. Mbiri imeneyo imamasulira mwachindunji m'nkhani zoyamba zolephera zochepa.
The post-casting heat treatment is another minefield. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika, chithandizo chamankhwala, kukalamba - zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse zomaliza zamakina. Pezani kuzungulira molakwika, ndipo mutha kusokoneza gawolo kapena kuwononga kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri. Ndimakumbukira nkhani ina ya mbale ya zoopsa zomwe kukalamba koopsa kunapangitsa kuti munthu asatope msanga poyesa kuyesa. Wolakwa? Lingaliro lakuti njira yopangira alloy yofanana ingagwire ntchito. Zinatenga kuunikanso limodzi ndi katswiri wazitsulo ndi sitepe yobwerera ku chithunzi cha kusintha kwa alloy spec isothermal kuti akonze.
Masewera a Zipolopolo: Zoposa Nkhungu Yokha
Kuponya ndalama, kapena kuponya chipolopolo, ndiye mtima wa izi. Ndondomeko ya sera ndi yosakhwima, koma nyumba ya zipolopolo ndi pamene luso limakumana ndi sayansi. Kuviika kulikonse kwa slurry, mchenga uliwonse wa stucco, umapanga chipolopolo cha ceramic chomwe chiyenera kupirira kutentha kwachitsulo chosungunuka ndikusunga kukhulupirika kwake. Kunenepa kwake sikufanana; mukhoza kuchimanga mozungulira zigawo zazikulu kuti muzitha kuziziritsa. Ndakhala maola ambiri ndi akatswiri opanga makina akukangana za kukhuthala kwa malaya otayirira—oonda kwambiri, ndipo simumaliza bwino; wandiweyani kwambiri, ndipo mumakhala pachiwopsezo chokokera mpweya kapena kuyambitsa kusweka kwa chipolopolo pakutulutsa phula.
Kuthira phula palokha ndi sitepe yachiwawa. Mukusungunula mwachangu kapena kutulutsa sera kuchokera mkati mwa chigoba chosalimbacho. Chitani molakwika, ndipo chipolopolocho chimasweka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamafuta, ndikupangitsa kukhala kopanda ntchito. Ma autoclave amakono amathandizira, koma muyenera kuyimbanso kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa sera ndi makulidwe a zipolopolo. Ndi sitepe yomwe imamveka ngati kuphulika kolamulidwa kuposa kupanga.
Chigoba chomaliza, chikawombedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndichosalimba kwambiri, chopindika, koma cholimba. Kutsanulira zitsulo mmenemo ndi mphindi ya choonadi. Mapangidwe a gating system-omwe nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ndi opanga omwe amangoyang'ana mbali imodzi-ndi yofunika kwambiri. Si njira yokha yachitsulo; ndi kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe ndi kadyedwe. Chipata chosakonzedwa bwino chingayambitse chipwirikiti (chomwe chimatsogolera ku inclusions) kapena kulephera kudyetsa shrinkage pamalo omaliza kuti chikhale cholimba. Nthawi ina tinali ndi chigawo chovuta cha mafupa chomwe chinkapitiriza kusonyeza shrinkage porosity mu ngodya yobisika yamkati. Kupanganso chipata ndikuwonjezera chokwera chokwera kunathetsa, koma pamafunika kudulira magawo angapo kuti muzindikire.
Kulondola ndi Ulendo, Osati Zithunzi
Kulekerera pakuponyedwa kwa zida zachipatala kumakhala kolimba, nthawi zambiri mu ma microns pazinthu zovuta. Koma kulolerana ngati-cast ndi nthano. Kujambula kulikonse kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwina. Luso lenileni ndikuwongolera kusiyanasiyana kumeneku ndikudziwiratu zomwe zidzatsukidwe pamakina otsatira a CNC. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zida zophatikizika zomwe zimaphatikiza kuponyera ndi CNC makina pansi pa denga limodzi, monga kukhazikitsidwa kwa QSY, khalani ndi mwayi wapadera. Opanga makina ndi mainjiniya oyambira amatha kuyankhula. Atha kusankha, mwachitsanzo, kusiya katundu wowonjezera theka la millimeter pa chobowola chovuta kuponya chifukwa ndi chosavuta komanso chodalirika kuchiyika mpaka kukula komaliza kuposa kuthamangitsa malo abwino.
Lipoti loyamba loyendera nkhani ndiye chikalata chofunikira kwambiri. Si pepala lachiphaso/lolephera. Ndi mapu a kuthekera kwa njira. Mukuyang'ana machitidwe opatuka. Kodi miyeso yonse ili mbali imodzi ya dzina? Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kusintha kwa nkhungu kosasintha. Kodi kukhwinyata kumakwera pamalo oyang'ana m'mwamba? Izi zitha kukhala vuto la slag kapena oxide inclusion. Deta iyi imadyetsa mwachindunji kusintha ndondomekoyi. Ndizobwerezabwereza, nthawi zina zokhumudwitsa.
Ndiyeno pali kuyeretsa. Pambuyo pa shakeout, muli ndi gawo losakanikirana ndi zipata za ceramic ndi malo ovuta. Kuchotsa, kuchotsa ceramic (nthawi zambiri ndi kuphulika koopsa kapena kutulutsa mankhwala), ndi kusuntha kwa ziwalo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi kumene zowonongeka zambiri zimayambitsidwa ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino. Kuphulika koopsa kwambiri kumatha kulimba ndikupaka pamwamba, ndikubisa porosity yapansi panthaka yomwe pambuyo pake imakhala poyambira ming'alu. Ndi sitepe yomwe imafuna finesse yambiri monga kuthira.
Zikalakwika: Nthawi Yophunzirira
Zolephera ndi aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri, pokhapokha mutaloledwa kufotokoza za iwo. Pulojekiti ina yoyambirira inali ndi gawo la scissor laparoscopic, gawo laling'ono, lovuta kumva. Ma prototypes adawoneka bwino, adadutsa kuwunika koyambirira. Koma pakuyesa moyo wogwira ntchito, dzenje la pivot limatalikirana, ndikuyambitsa kusewera. Kusanthula kulephera sikunaloze ku chilema choponyera, koma ku mphamvu ya zokolola za zinthu. Tidafotokoza momwe 17-4PH ilili, koma pa geometry yeniyeniyo ndikuyika, zimafunikira chithandizo chambiri cha kutentha kuti chikhale cholimba kwambiri. The kuponya molondola zinali zopanda cholakwika, koma mawonekedwe azinthu zogwiritsira ntchito anali olakwika. Linali phunziro lankhanza mu kaganizidwe kachitidwe.
Nthawi inanso, tinayang'anizana ndi makulidwe a khoma losagwirizana ndi cannula yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala. Jekeseni wa sera anali bwino, chipolopolocho chinkawoneka bwino. Vuto linayambika ku mtengo wosanganiza wa sera. Mbali yomwe gawoli lidalumikizidwa ku sprue chapakati kumapangitsa ngalande zopanda yunifolomu panthawi yoviika, zomwe zimatsogolera ku malaya a ceramic opyapyala mbali imodzi, omwe amasandulika kukhala khoma lachitsulo chokhuthala. Kuzungulira pang'ono kwa gawo pamtengo kunakonza. Awa ndi mitundu ya mphindi, zosagwirizana ndi zochitika zomwe mumangophunzira kudzera m'manja, kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza.
Zochitika izi zikugogomezera chifukwa chake kuyanjana ndi wopanga wodziwa sikungokhudza kutulutsa zojambula. Ndi za kulowa mu nkhokwe yothandiza kuthetsa mavuto. Kukhala ndi moyo wautali kwa kampani, monga ntchito ya QSY ya zaka 30, nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti adakumanapo ndi kuthetsa mavuto osadziwika bwinowa, ndikukupulumutsirani nthawi ndi mtengo wowapezanso.
Tsogolo Sili Kungowonjezera
Pali zomveka zambiri kuzungulira kusindikiza kwa 3D pazida zamankhwala, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Koma popanga zida zazing'ono, zovuta, zachitsulo, zapakati-mpaka-zambiri, kuponya ndalama imakhalabe yolimba kwambiri kuti igonjetse pamitengo yotsika mtengo. Mapeto a pamwamba, umphumphu wazitsulo, ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina oyendetsa bwino akadali apamwamba kwa implants ndi zida zambiri zonyamula katundu. Tsogolo, ine ndikuganiza, liri mu hybridization. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D kuti mupange phula losatheka kapena zigoba zadothi zowongoka kuti ziwonekere kapena zowongoka pang'ono, kenako ndikuwongolera njira yokhazikitsidwa, yowongoka, komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira.
Ulusi wa digito ukukulirakuliranso. Mapulogalamu oyerekeza kudzaza nkhungu ndi kulimbitsa akuyenda bwino, koma akadali kalozera, osati oracle. Kugwiritsa ntchito kothandiza kwambiri komwe ndawonapo ndikufanizira kuneneratu koyerekeza ndi deta yeniyeni ya gawo loyamba ndi mamapu a porosity kuchokera pakuwunika kwa X-ray. Kulinganiza chitsanzo ku malo anu ogulitsira - aloyi anu amasungunuka, katundu wanu wa chipolopolo - ndipamene mtengo weniweni uli. Zimachepetsa kubwerezabwereza.
Ndiye kodi zimenezi zikutisiya kuti? Kuponyera mwatsatanetsatane kwazida zamankhwala ndiukadaulo wokhwima, koma sikukhazikika. Ndi luso lakuya, loyendetsedwa ndi tsatanetsatane komanso kuphunzira mozama. Cholinga sikuchita bwino nthawi zonse - sizingatheke. Cholinga chake ndi njira yodziwiratu momwe mumamvetsetsa njira zolepherera, kuwongolera magawo ovuta, ndikukhala ndi ukadaulo wozindikira ndikusintha. Ndizomwe zimalekanitsa gawo lomwe limawoneka bwino papepala lodziwika bwino kuchokera ku lomwe limagwira ntchito modalirika mkati mwa munthu.
