Mukuwona 304 paliponse. Ndizosakhazikika, zopitako, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza. Koma ndipamene msampha woyamba uli - poganiza kuti zonse ndi zofanana. Tsambali likuti 18% chromium, 8% faifi tambala, kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, yada yada. M'sitolo, pansi, ndi poyambira chabe. Makhalidwe enieni a 304 amadziwonetsera okha pansi pa nyali, pa lathe, kapena patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi kavalo, koma ndi finicky ngati simulemekeza quirks ake.
Kulakwitsa Kwabwino Kokwanira ndi Kusankha Zinthu
Sindingathe kuwerengera kuti kasitomala wapempha kangati 304 chifukwa ndi yopanda banga ndipo ikugwirizana ndi bajeti, kuti gawolo lilephereke m'malo ovuta kwambiri omwe sanapangidwe. The tingachipeze powerenga akugwiritsa ntchito panyanja hardware popanda passivation yoyenera. Idzagwa, ndipo kugwetsa kukayamba, kumakhala kutsetsereka. Kusakaniza kwa 18/8 kumakana mitundu yambiri ya oxidizer, koma ma chlorides? Ndicho chidendene chake cha Achilles. Ndaona wokongola 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mabulaketi padoko amasanduka nyansi zamawanga pakatha chaka. Phunziro silinali lakuti 304 ndi loipa; ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito kunali kolakwika. Nthawi zina, muyenera kukankhira 316, ngakhale zitakhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Apa ndipamene zimafunika kukhala ndi mbiri yazinthu zonse. Pamalo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), komwe agwira chilichonse kuyambira chitsulo chopangidwa ndi faifi tambala kwa zaka zambiri, kusankha sikungokhudza zitsulo zokha. Ndi za ndondomeko unyolo. Kodi uku ndiko kuyimba komwe kudzasinthidwa pambuyo pake? Chifukwa momwe 304 amachitira mu nkhungu ya chipolopolo motsutsana ndi nkhungu yandalama ndizosiyana, ndipo zimakhudza njira yopangira pambuyo pake. Kapangidwe ka zitseko, kuzizira - zonsezi zimasiya chala pamapangidwe omaliza a tirigu omwe katswiri wamakina amamva akamadula koyamba.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito yokonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kusindikizaku kudayitanitsa 304, Investment cast. Zinkawoneka molunjika. Koma kasitomala amafunikira galasi lomaliza panjira zamkati kuti ayeretsedwe. The as-cast surface from the standard process was not going to cut it. Tidayenera kusintha mawonekedwe a ceramic slurry ndi kuzungulira kwa de-waxing kuti pamwamba pakhale bwino kwambiri kuchokera mu nkhungu, kupulumutsa maola opukutira mkati motopetsa. Ndiwo mtundu wa nuance womwe mumaphunzira pochita, osati pa tebulo lazinthu zakuthupi. Webusayiti ya https://www.tsingtaocnc.com imatchula ukadaulo wawo, ndipo ndikuti combo - kuponyera NDI CNC Machining - zomwe zimawalola kuwona kudalirana uku momveka bwino.
Machining 304: The Gummy Reality
Lankhulani ndi katswiri wamakina aliyense za 304, ndipo mwina adzabuula. Sizinthu zovuta kwambiri, koma zimagwira ntchito ngati ngwazi. Mumalowa ndi chida chosawoneka bwino, kapena mumalola chidacho kukhala kwa mphindi imodzi, ndipo mwangopanga malo olimba kwambiri omwe angatafune chiphaso chanu chotsatira. Chinsinsi chake ndi chaukali komanso chakuthwa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kutsika kwachangu nthawi zina, ndipo osalola kuti chida chisokoneze. Zoziziritsa kuziziritsa sizingakambirane, osati kungoziziritsa - zimafunika kuthira mafuta kuti zisamangidwe.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pamagulu a ma valve. Geometry inali ndi chobowola chakuya, chaching'ono chaching'ono. Chilichonse chinali bwino mpaka kumaliza komaliza. Kupatuka kwa zida, monga momwe zinalili, kunapangitsa kuti kusisita kokwanira kuti kugwire ntchito-kuumitsa pamwamba. Chida chotsatira chinasweka. Tidasinthira ku chida chapadera, chokwera bwino chokhala ndi ngodya yolimba ya helix komanso choziziritsa kukhosi kuti titulutse tchipisi mwamphamvu. Inathetsa vutolo, koma idadya m'mphepete. Ndilo kulinganiza pakati pa mtengo wa zida, nthawi yozungulira, ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa.
Apa ndipamene zida zophatikizika zimawonetsa kufunika kwake. Chifukwa QSY imagwira makina a CNC m'nyumba pambuyo poponya, amatha kukhathamiritsa njira yopangira kuti makinawo azikhala osavuta. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kusintha kutentha kwa kutentha 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuponyera kuti mukwaniritse kuuma kokhazikika komanso kosinthika pagawo lonselo, china chake malo ogulitsa makina oyimirira omwe akulandira kuponyedwa kwaiwisi sikungathe kuwongolera. Kuwona kwathunthu koteroko kumalepheretsa mutu wambiri pa spindle.
Kuganizira Kutaya: Kuposa Kungosungunuka
Kuthira 304 sikuli ngati kuthira chitsulo cha carbon. Ndizokhudza kulamulira chemistry ndi mlengalenga. Ngakhale kabotolo kakang'ono kochokera ku nkhungu kumatha kuwononga chromium pamwamba, ndikusokoneza kukana kwa dzimbiri pomwe mukuifuna kwambiri. Popanga chipolopolo cha chipolopolo, chomwe QSY imagwira ntchito, makina opangira utomoni amatha kukhala achinyengo. Mufunika njira yomwe imawotcha bwino popanda kusiya zotsalira za kaboni.
Shrinkage ndi chilombo china. 304 ili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu. Ngati njira yanu yodyetsera ndi mageti sinapangidwe mwangwiro, mudzakhala ndi shrinkage porosity, yomwe nthawi zambiri imabisika mkati. Itha kupitilira kuyang'ana kowoneka, koma kulephera kukakamizidwa kapena kuwoneka ngati njira yotayikira. Nthawi ina tinali ndi nyumba yopopera yomwe idadutsa macheke onse koma idatsikira pakuyesa kwa hydrostatic. Ma radiography adavumbulutsa maukonde ang'onoang'ono, olumikizana ang'onoang'ono. Kukonzekera kunali kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa risers ndi kuzizira. Zinawonjezera kulemera kwa kuponyera (ndalama zambiri zakuthupi) koma inali njira yokhayo yowonetsetsa kuti ikhale yabwino.
Ndiyeno pali kukonza weld. Zolemba zambiri zimalola kukonza zowotcherera pama castings. Koma ndi 304, muyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Kuyika kwa kutentha kumasintha microstructure m'dera lokhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Ngati simusamala, mutha kudziwitsa malowa, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale dzimbiri la intergranular. Nthawi zina, ndi bwino kuchotsa cholakwika chaching'ono m'malo mochiwotcherera ndikupanga tsogolo lolephera. Kuyitanira kwachiweruzo uku kumabwera chifukwa chowona mazana ambiri akudutsa ku QC.
Ma Alloy Close Calls ndi Why 304 Endures
Ndi ma nuances onsewa, chifukwa chiyani 304 imakhalabe yofala kwambiri? Mtengo ndi kupezeka, zedi. Komanso, chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri zamafakitale ndi zamalonda, zimagwira ntchito moona. Kukankhira njira zina monga 304L (low carbon) ndizovomerezeka pazigawo zomwe zidzawotchedwe kwambiri, chifukwa mpweya wochepa umachepetsa chiopsezo cha tcheru. Koma pazigawo zambiri, muyezo 304 ndi wokwanira ngati wakonzedwa bwino.
Ndakhala ndikuchita nawo projekiti pomwe tidakangana 304 motsutsana ndi 316L kwamasiku, ndikuyesa kuyesa kwa dzimbiri pa makuponi mumadzimadzi othandizira. Nthawi zina zotsatira zake zinali pafupi kwambiri kuti tiyimbe foni, ndipo lingaliro lidabwera chifukwa cha mtengo wamoyo komanso zinthu zachitetezo. Nthawi zina, timayang'ana giredi yamakasitomala 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi sulfure wowonjezera kapena selenium. Amamakina ngati maloto, koma kukana kwanu kwa dzimbiri kumagunda, ndipo kuwotcherera kumakhala kovuta. Nthawi zonse kumakhala kusinthanitsa.
Ndicho maziko a kusankha zinthu muzochita. Kaŵirikaŵiri si yankho lomveka bwino, lolembedwa m’mabuku. Ndi mndandanda wa zosagwirizana pakati pa zosowa zamakina, zofunikira za dzimbiri, kupanga, ndi mtengo wake wonse. Zomwe kampaniyo idakumana nazo panjira zosiyanasiyana, monga zaka 30 zakupanga ndi kupanga makina zomwe zidadziwika ku QSY, zimapanga chidziwitso pazamalondawa. Mumayamba kumva nthawi yoti mugwirizane ndi 18/8 yapamwamba komanso nthawi yotsogolera kasitomala kupita ku aloyi yapadera kwambiri, ngakhale achokera kubanja lomwelo. Cholinga sikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilendo kwambiri, koma zoyenera kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndikuwongolera njira yoyenera ndikudziwitsa za mapangidwe, 304 ndizomwezo.
Lingaliro Lomaliza: Nkhaniyi ndi Wothandizana Naye
Pamapeto pa tsiku, 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri sizinthu chabe. Ndi chinthu chokhala ndi umunthu. Simungathe kuziponya muzojambula ndikuyembekezera zotsatira zabwino. Muyenera kugwirizana nazo. Kupanga kwa kuchepa kwake. Makina okhala ndi chithumwa chake m'malingaliro. Tchulani mankhwala apamtunda monga passivation kuti atsegule mphamvu zake zonse za dzimbiri. Ndipo sankhani wopanga kapena woyambitsa yemwe amamvetsetsa mgwirizanowu.
Kuyang'ana mndandanda wa kuthekera kwa ogulitsa kumafotokoza nkhani. Mukawona kuponyedwa kwa chipolopolo, kuponyedwa kwa ndalama, ndi makina a CNC onse pansi pa denga limodzi, monga ndi QSY, zikusonyeza kuti mwina adalimbana ndi machitidwe opangira zinthu izi pansi pa sitolo. Iwo mwina awona momwe tweak pang'ono mu kuponya kuzungulira kumakhudzira machinability a 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mpando wa valve. Chidziwitso chothandiza, cholumikizidwa ndi unyolo ndi chomwe chimalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi mnzake wopanga.
Chifukwa chake nthawi ina mukatchula 304, pitani kupyola muyezo wa ASTM. Ganizilani mmene idzapangidwile, mmene idzadulidwa, ndi kumene idzakhala. Ndipamene uinjiniya weniweni umayambira. Tsamba la deta ndilo chiyambi; pansi pa shopu ndi pomwe mumadziwana.
