Tiyeni tidutse mu malonda kulankhula. Anthu ambiri akamva za 'kujambula molondola', amajambula zida zopanda chilema, zooneka ngati ukonde zikutuluka mu nkhungu, zakonzeka kupita. Chowonadi ndi cha messier, chochulukirachulukira, komanso moona mtima, chosangalatsa kwambiri. Si njira chabe; ndikukambilana kosalekeza pakati pa zokhumba zamapangidwe, machitidwe akuthupi, ndi zenizeni zenizeni za sayansi ndi chemistry. Zolemba zambiri zimaponyedwa mozungulira osamvetsetsa zomwe zimadula kuti zitheke pansi.
Masewera a Zipolopolo: Ndi Zambiri Kuposa Mchenga Wokha
Kuponyera nkhungu ku zipolopolo, imodzi mwa njira zathu zazikulu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mchenga wosavuta. Ndiko kulakwitsa. Kulondola kumayamba ndi nkhungu yokha. Sitikungonyamula mchenga mozungulira pateni; tikumanga chipolopolo chopyapyala, cholimba kudzera munjira zambiri. Kusasinthika kwa ceramic slurry, kukula kwa njere ya stuko yowumitsa, nthawi yowumitsa pakati pa ma dips - kusintha kulikonse kumanong'oneza mpaka kumapeto. Pezani cholakwika chimodzi, ndipo mudzachiwona pamapeto, kapena choyipa, pakusweka kwa chipolopolo pakutsanulira. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti omwe kasitomala amafuna Ra 3.2 μm pamwamba pamalizidwe. Zotheka? Inde, ndi chipolopolo. Koma zimatanthawuza kukweza kukhuthala kwa malaya oyamba ndikusunthira ku mchenga wonyezimira wa zircon wa malaya a nkhope, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo komanso zofunikira zogwirira ntchito. Ndi malonda awa omwe amatanthauzira kulondola kwenikweni.
Mayeso enieni amabwera ndi ma geometri ovuta. Makoma owonda, ngalande zamkati, mafupi. Ndi kupanga zipolopolo, titha kukwaniritsa magawo mpaka pafupifupi 3mm modalirika, koma kukankhira ku 2mm? Ndipamene luso limabwera. Pamafunika kamangidwe kake kabwino (mangono ojambulira siwongokambirana), ndi kutsanulira kolamulirika, mwachangu kuti mudzaze chitsulocho chitsulo chisanayambe kuzizira m'magawo osalimba. Tidataya gulu kamodzi pa choyikapo chopondera - chokongola, koma zosindikizira zapakati zinali zocheperako pang'ono. Pakuthira, kuwomba kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosungunulacho kunakwezadi maziko ake, kusokoneza ndime zamkati. Kulephera kwachete, kokwera mtengo komwe kunatiphunzitsa kupanga mainjiniya opitilira ma core anchoring for dynamic kuthira.
Ndiyeno pali zopinga zakuthupi. Zikopa za zipolopolo zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwazitsulo zachitsulo - zitsulo zoponyedwa, zitsulo za carbon, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Koma mukamalumphira ku ma superalloy ndi kutentha kothira kumpoto kwa 1500 ° C, kutentha kwa chipolopolo kumakhala koopsa. Tidasinthana ndi malaya ophatikizika a silika opangidwa ndi nkhope angapo zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel zigawo, zomwe zinathandiza, koma zinayambitsa vuto latsopano: chipolopolocho chinakhala chosasunthika. Njira yogwirira ntchito kuyambira pakuwotcha mpaka kuthira idayenera kuganiziridwanso kwathunthu. Palibe buku lophunzirira lomwe limafotokoza izi; ndi chidziwitso cha fuko pansi.
Investment Casting: The Lost Wax Reality Check
Investment casting ndi positi mwana mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Kubwereza kwa sera ndi kumene kukhulupirika kumabadwa. Koma mawu oti 'sera yotayika' amamveka ngati amatsenga, ndipo amabisa kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe kulolerana kumatha kukhetsa magazi. Magawo a jekeseni wa sera - kutentha, kupanikizika, nthawi yogwira - zimakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa chitsanzo ndi khalidwe lapamwamba. Chitsanzo chomwe chikuwoneka bwino chikhoza kuchepa mosiyana panthawi ya ndalama, ndikutaya miyeso yovuta.
Timazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zomwe sitingathe kuzikonza mwachuma - lingalirani ma turbine ma turbine okhala ndi ngalande zoziziritsira mkati, kapena ma implant achipatala okhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Kulondola kwazithunzi ndikwapamwamba, nthawi zambiri kumakhala +/- 0.005 mainchesi inchi. Koma izo ziri pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino. Phunziro limodzi lomwe mwaphunzira molimba: chinyezi chozungulira tsiku lomwe mumamanga chipolopolo cha ceramic chimakhala chofunikira. Kukwera kwambiri, ndipo zigawo zotsatizana siziuma ndi kuzizira bwino; chipolopolocho chikhoza kukhala chofooka. Otsika kwambiri, ndipo zigawo zimatha kuchiza mwachangu, kupangitsa kupsinjika. Tsopano tili ndi zowongolera nyengo m'chipinda chomangira zipolopolo, ndalama zosakambitsirana zomwe zidalipirira ndalama zochepa.
Njira yochotsera waxing ndi nthawi ina yovuta. Autoclave vs. flash fire? Iliyonse ili ndi zoyenerera. Pamitundu yayikulu yokhala ndi zigawo zokhuthala, timakonda kuzungulira kwa autoclave kuti kusungunuke sera popanda kusweka chipolopolo chobiriwira. Koma kwa zinyumba zolimba, zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, kutenthedwa kwa moto wamoto kumatha kukhala kowopsa. Tinathyola mtengo wonse wa mabulaketi amlengalenga kamodzi pokhala aukali kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwa autoclave. Sera silinachepe mokwanira, kukulitsidwa, ndi… pop. Kachetechete, kuphwanyidwa kwa ceramic komwe kumatanthauza masabata a nthawi yotayika. Tsopano, pa msonkhano uliwonse watsopano wa sera, timayendetsa chigoba chaching'ono choyesera kuti tiyimbire magawo a dewaxing. Imachedwa, koma imapulumutsa.
Zofunika Si Zolemba Zapadera
Makasitomala amatumiza zolemba zakuthupi: ASTM A351 CF8M kapena Inconel 718. Ndicho chiyambi cha zokambirana, osati mapeto. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ngati chinthu chamoyo mu crucible ndi nkhungu. Tengani chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Chromium imafuna kuti oxidize, kupanga slag yomwe imatha kutsekeredwa mu kuponyedwa ngati gating system sinapangidwe kuti kuthirako kukhale kosokoneza komanso kuwululidwa ndi mpweya. Timagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zothamanga ndi zosefera za ceramic monga momwe zilili pano, koma zidatengera magulu angapo okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa kuti apange lamulo.
Ma alloys opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi zilombo zawo. Kuvala kosangalatsa komanso kukana dzimbiri, madzimadzi owopsa. Amapeza mushy mwachangu, kotero kudzaza magawo owonda ndi mpikisano. Nthawi zambiri timawatenthetsa kwambiri kuposa momwe pepala limanenera, zomwe zimayika pachiwopsezo chakukula kwambewu ndi mvula ya carbide. Njira yothetsera vutoli? Mofulumira kuthira kudzera m'miyendo yotentha ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kutenthetsa nkhungu. Imawonjezera zovuta, koma ndi njira yokhayo yodzaza pampando wa valve, mwachitsanzo. Simungangothira izi ngati momwe mumathira chitsulo.
Ndiyeno pali pambuyo kuponyera chenicheni. Ambiri amaganiza kuti gawo lojambula molondola latha. Ayi ndithu. Pafupifupi chilichonse chimapita ku dipatimenti yathu ya CNC. Kuponyera kumapereka mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde, koma makinawa amapereka ndondomeko yomaliza, yogwira ntchito - ulusi, malo osindikizira, zobowola zolimba. Apa ndi pamene synergy pa malo ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. zimamveka. Kukhala ndi makina opangira pansi pa denga limodzi kumatanthauza kuti gulu lokonza litha kubwereranso kumalo oyambira: Bwana uyu nthawi zonse amakhala wokhuthala 0.5mm, kutisiyira katundu wochuluka kuti tichotse, kapena The as-cast surface muthumba ili ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti titha kudumpha chiphaso chovuta. Chiwongoladzanja choyankhacho, chomwe chinamangidwa pazaka 30, ndipamene kusasinthika kwenikweni kumapangidwira.
CNC: Wothandizira, Osati Oyeretsa
Kulankhula za CNC, sizongoganizira; ndi gawo lofunikira la equation yolondola. Zolemba za data zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pamachitidwe oponya ziyenera kupangidwa poganizira za makina. Tasamukira kuzinthu zosindikizidwa za 3D kuti tiyese mawonekedwe awa tisanadule zitsulo. Chigawo chowoneka bwino chimakhala chopanda ntchito ngati sichingasungidwe bwino pakukonza makina popanda kusokoneza.
Pazinthu monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zitsulo zowumitsidwa, magawo opangira makina a post-cast ndi ofunikira. Chithandizo cha kutentha kuchokera pakuponyedwa kumakhudza machinability. Nthawi zambiri timapanga ma anneal mofewa tisanapange makina, kenako kutentha komaliza, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chiphaso chomaliza. Ndi masitepe atatu kuvina pakati pa ng'anjo ndi malo makina. Kuyesera kupanga makina ngati-cast, owumitsidwa zitsulo chigawocho ndi njira yabwino yowotcha zoyikapo ndikuyambitsa kupsinjika mu gawolo.
Chowonadi chowonjezera chamtengo wapatali ndikukonza mawonekedwe osasinthika. Posachedwapa tinali ndi njira zambiri zodutsamo zomwe sizingatheke kubowola. Kudzera kuponya ndalama, tinapanga ndime. Kenaka, pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa 5-axis CNC ndi EDM, tinapanga ma flanges ndi ma doko ogwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa bwino kwa ndimezo. Kuponyedwa kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta; CNC idathandizira mawonekedwe kudziko lenileni.
Kulephera ndi Data Point
Simungachite bwino pa izi popanda kuswa zinthu. Zinthu zambiri. Cholinga si kupeŵa kulephera, koma kupangitsa kuti zichitike mwadongosolo, mwachidziwitso. Timayendera zowunikira m'nkhani yoyamba zomwe zimawononga malire - kudula zitsanzo kuti tiyeze makulidwe a khoma lamkati, kuyang'ana micro-porosity ndi utoto wolowera pamalo osafunikira, kuyesa ma bend pazitsulo zoyesa zosiyana.
Nkhani imodzi yosalekeza inali kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono m'zigawo zolemera zoyandikana ndi makoma owonda. Yankho silinali mu nkhungu; zinali mu kapangidwe chokwera ndi ntchito padding exothermic kulamulira solidification gradient. Tinaphunzira izi kuchokera ku nyumba yapampu yomwe inalephera. Kupimidwako kunadutsa, koma X-ray inasonyeza malo a spongy omwe akanalephera chifukwa cha kutopa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti tiwunikirenso momwe timapangira ma feeder khosi ma geometries ofanana.
Pomaliza, kuponya molondola ndi za ulamuliro ndi kulosera. Ndizokhudza kudziwa kuti ngati mutatsatira ndondomeko yeniyeni yogulitsira - kusakaniza sera, chipolopolo cha chipolopolo, kutentha kwa alloy, ndondomeko ya makina - mudzapeza gawo mu envulopu yodziwikiratu ya kusiyana. Izo si zangwiro, koma ndi modalirika kwambiri. Ndipo kudalirika kumeneko, kobadwa kuchokera zaka makumi atatu za kuthetsa mavuto monga omwe ali pamwambawa, ndizomwe zimalekanitsa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi gawo lomwe limakhalapo. Makampani omwe amakhalapo, monga QSY, amamvetsetsa kuti ndizozama, nthawi zina zosokoneza, chidziwitso chazomwe mukugula, osati fayilo ya CAD yokha yomwe idasandulika chitsulo.
