Pamene wina akunena mwatsatanetsatane mbali, ambiri amaganiza za opanda cholakwa, zigawo chonyezimira molunjika pa makina CNC. Ndilo mtundu wa kabuku konyezimira. Zowona, zomwe mumakhala nazo pansi pashopu, ndizokhudza kuyang'anira ma microns pansi pa kutentha, kupsinjika, komanso kusakhululuka kwa fizikisi. Sizongokhudza kugunda nambala pajambula; ndi za kumvetsetsa kuti kujambula nthawi zambiri kumakhala chiyambi cha zokambirana, osati mapeto. Kulondola kwenikweni kwagona pakuyembekeza momwe gawolo lizichitira likakhala kuti sililinso patebulo la granite la CMM, koma lolumikizidwa mudongosolo, lolemedwa, pakutentha. Ndiko komwe zaka zambiri zakuponya ndi kukonza, monga zomwe mumawona pamakampani monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., zilibe kanthu. Ndiko kukumbukira komwe kumapangitsa kuti fayilo yopangidwa ndi faifi yachitsulo ikazizira mu chipolopolo choponyera ndalama, kapena momwe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimalimba panthawi yamphero, zomwe zimalekanitsa gawo logwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi nkhokwe ya bin.
Kumene Precision Amakhala
Tiyeni tinene mwachindunji. Wothandizira amatumiza chitsanzo cha 3D cha thupi la hydraulic valve, kulolerana ± 0.02mm pazitsulo zovuta. Papepala, ndi makina amakono a 5-axis, ndizotheka. Koma zakuthupi ndi ductile iron. Ngati mutangoyigwedeza ndikupita, mphamvu zodulira ndi kupsinjika kwamkati kuchokera pakuponyera zidzasuntha gawolo. Mutha kuyeza ungwiro mutatha kupanga makina, ndikupeza kuti zatha patatha maola 24 pamene kupsinjika kumachepa. Kulondola apa sikuli m'njira yokonzedwa ndi makinawo, koma pakuchepetsa kupsinjika kokonzekera, njira yosinthira yomwe imachepetsa kupotoza, ndi kutsata kwa magwiridwe antchito. Muyenera kuchichotsa, chisiyeni icho chikhale, kenako kumaliza. Ndiyo nthawi komanso mtengo womwe palibe amene akufuna kumva, koma ndi njira yokhayo. Ndawonapo mashopu ambiri akudumpha masitepe awa kuti akwaniritse tsiku lomaliza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo alephere. Gawolo linali lolondola mu labu, koma osati mdziko lenileni.
Apa ndipamene njira zophatikizika zimawonetsa kufunika kwake. Kampani yomwe imayang'anira kuponya ndi kukonza pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY yokhala ndi zaka makumi atatu mu nkhungu ya zipolopolo ndikuyika ndalama zophatikizidwa ndi makina a CNC, ili ndi mwayi wolimbana. Opanga makina amalankhula ndi gulu loyambitsa. Amadziwa zomwe zimachulukira paziwongolero zawo zomwe zipolopolo, madera owoneka bwino pamapangidwe omwe adapatsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pulogalamu ya CNC ikhoza kusinthidwa chip choyamba chisanadulidwe-mwina kuwonjezera 0.05mm yowonjezera pakhoma yomwe nthawi zambiri imakokera mkati. Ndiko kulondola kwenikweni. Sili mu fayilo ya CAD; ili m'makalata operekedwa pakati pa madipatimenti omwe agwira ntchito limodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Mutha kupeza njira yawo mwatsatanetsatane pa portal yawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yomwe imawerenga moona mtima ngati buku la ndondomeko kusiyana ndi malo ogulitsa, omwe ndimayamikira.
Chosankha chakuthupi ndi wolamulira wina wopanda phokoso wolondola. Aliyense amafuna zosapanga dzimbiri zokana dzimbiri, koma kalasi iti? 304 ndizovuta kwambiri pakupanga makina oletsa kulekerera-imachita mkamwa, imayenda. 316 ndiyabwinoko pang'ono koma yolimba. Kuti mukhale okhazikika, mungafunike kukankhira kasitomala ku kalasi yowumitsa mvula ngati 17-4PH, koma ndiye kuti mukukumana ndi kupotoza kwa kutentha pambuyo pokonza. Kapena tengani ma alloys opangidwa ndi cobalt kuti musamavalidwe kwambiri. Iwo ndi nkhanza zovuta makina. Kukwanitsa kumaliza bwino komanso kukhala ndi kulolera pa gawo la Stellite sikutanthauza kukhala ndi makina apamwamba; ndi za njira zopangira zida, kupanikizika koziziritsa pakuyikapo, ndi liwiro la spindle. Mumaphunzira zinthu zimenezi powononga poyamba zinthu zambiri zodula.
Msampha Woyezera
Nayi vuto lamakampani akale: kudalira kwambiri lipoti la CMM. Gawo limayang'ana, magetsi onse obiriwira. Koma zikulephera mu msonkhano. Chifukwa chiyani? CMM ikhoza kukhala ikuyesa mfundo imodzi mu bore, koma chofunikira ndikugwirizanitsa chibolibolicho kutalika kwake molingana ndi chinthu china. Kapena kumaliza pamwamba. Mapeto a 0.8Ra atha kuyitanidwa, ndipo mukumenya. Koma ngati kuyika komaliza kuli kozungulira pamalo osindikizira omwe amafunikira chisindikizo cha radial, kumatuluka. A CMM sakudziwa zimenezo. Mufunika ma gauging ogwira ntchito, kapena kuposa apo, muyenera kuyesa muzitsulo zomwe zimafanana ndi msonkhano wake womaliza. Kulondola kwenikweni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito, osati ndi mndandanda wazinthu.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira sensor nyumba mu aloyi yopangidwa ndi faifi tambala. Miyesoyo inali yangwiro, koma gawolo linali laphokoso lamagetsi kumapeto kwa chipangizocho. Wolakwa? Chovala chosawoneka bwino pa ulusi, kupanga kamlongoti kakang'ono. Chojambulacho sichinatchule milingo yochepetsera ulusi wamkatiwo. Kuyendera kwathu kudaphonya chifukwa sikunali pamndandanda. Kulondola kwa miyeso yayikulu sikunali kofunikira; kulephera kunali pachinthu chomwe chimatengedwa kuti sichofunikira. Tsopano, mayendedwe athu opangira makina akuphatikiza cheke champhamvu chochepa cha microscope cha ma burrs oterowo mbali iliyonse yokhala ndi ntchito yamagetsi. Ndi phunziro lolembedwa mu RMA mapepala.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake sitepe yomaliza yotsutsa zigawo zolondola nthawi zambiri si kupanga kapena kuyeza—ndi ntchito yamanja. Katswiri waluso wokhala ndi mwala, akupukuta nsonga yakuthwa kuti apume. Kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha pneumatic chokhala ndi nsonga yotsekemera kuti musakanize pamwamba pake. Sizimangochitika zokha, sizingowonongeka mosavuta, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala kusiyana pakati pa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi lomwe silikugwira ntchito. Simungapeze izi m'makalata ambiri otsatsa, koma ndizochitika tsiku ndi tsiku pansi.
Pamene Zabwino Zokwanira Palibe
Economics yolondola ndi yankhanza. Mtengo wokhotakhota suli mzere; ndizofotokozera. Kuchokera ku ± 0.1mm mpaka ± 0.05mm kutha kuwirikiza nthawi yopangira makina ndipo kumafuna zida zatsopano. Kupita ku ± 0.02mm kutha kuwirikizanso katatu ndikufuna kuwongolera nyengo. Luso limodzi lofunika kwambiri lomwe injiniya wopanga ali nalo ndikukankhira mmbuyo akatswiri opanga mapangidwe kuti atsimikizire kulolerana kulikonse. Kodi dzenjelo liyenera kukhala H7? Kapena H8 ikwanira? Nthawi zambiri, chojambulacho ndi chojambula chojambula kuchokera ku polojekiti yapitayi, ndi kulolerana palibe amene adakayikira. Wothandizana naye samangoyankha kuti inde pazolinga zilizonse; amafunsa chifukwa chiyani? ndikuwonetsa komwe mungakhwimitse ndipo, koposa zonse, komwe mungamasule kuti mukwaniritse gawo lodalirika pamtengo wanzeru. Kukambirana uku ndi chizindikiro cha ogulitsa okhwima.
Kuyang'ana mbiri yakale ya opareshoni, monga momwe mungawone kuchokera ku zomwe QSY idakumana nazo ndi ma aloyi apadera komanso ma castings ovuta, mutha kuganiza kuti adakhalapo ndi zokambirana izi kambirimbiri. Pamene mwakhala mukupanga magawo kwa zaka 30, mwawona mapangidwe omwe adagwira ntchito ndi omwe adalephera. Mbiri yakale imeneyo ndi yamtengo wapatali. Zimakulolani kuti munene, Pamtundu uwu wa katundu mu cobalt alloy iyi, timalimbikitsa kuwonjezera utali wozungulira osachepera 1.5mm apa, kapena tiyika pachiwopsezo cha kutopa kuyambika. Ndiko kulondola komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga-kwa-kupanga, komwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kulondola komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yopanga.
Kulephera komwe kunandiphunzitsa izi kunali kuyika zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala pa chipangizo chamankhwala. Mapangidwewo anali ndi ngodya yokongola, yakuthwa yamkati. Tinapanga ndendende kuti tisindikize. Idasweka pakuyezetsa kukakamiza. Yankho sanali bwino Machining ndondomeko; zinali kubwerera kwa kasitomala ndi kutsimikizira, ndi FEA ndi zitsanzo zakale, kuti ngodya ankafunika utali wozungulira. Timaponyeranso ndi nkhungu yosinthidwa. Gawolo linapambana. Kulondola kwa gawo lomaliza kudadalira kulondola kwaupangiri woyamba.
The Tooling ndi Process Inertia
Kulondola sikungokhudza gawo; ndi za kubwereza. Kusinthasintha kwa batch-to-batch ndiye choyera choyera, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri. Pazigawo zotayidwa, mavalidwe a nkhungu kapena sera amafa amasintha miyeso mochenjera pakuthamanga. Kwa makina, kuvala zida ndi mdani. Mutha kuyambitsa magawo 1000 ndi chomaliza chatsopano chokhala ndi ± 0.01mm, koma ndi gawo 300, mukungoyenda. Kodi muli ndi makina oyesa kuti mugwire izi? Kapena kasamalidwe ka zida za moyo? Kwa okwera kwambiri zigawo zolondola, kuwongolera njira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuthekera kwa makina amodzi.
Awa ndi malo ena kumene kuphatikiza koyima kumathandiza. Ngati kampani yomweyi imayang'anira kupanga mapangidwe, kuumba kwa zipolopolo, kutentha kwa kutentha, ndi makina a CNC, akhoza kupanga macheke osasinthasintha ndi maulendo obwereza pagawo lililonse. Kusintha kwa miyeso ya as-cast kumatha kuyimitsidwa ndipo pulogalamu ya CNC imasinthidwa gulu lisanagunde pamakina. Ndi ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yolondola. Pa webusaiti yawo, kutsindika kwa QSY pa kulamulira unyolo wonse kuchokera ku nkhungu kupita ku gawo lomaliza lopangidwa ndi makina si malo ogulitsa okha; ndizomwe zimathandizira kukhazikika kwazithunzi pazopanga zambiri.
Ndiye pali chinthu chaumunthu. Njira zabwino kwambiri zimakhala zopanda phindu ngati sizitsatiridwa. Katswiri wosankha mphero yokwera amawoneka bwino popanda kuyang'ana ndi micrometer akhoza kutaya gulu lonse. Chikhalidwe pansi chiyenera kulemekeza pepala la ndondomeko. Izi zimachokera ku maphunziro, komanso kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake. Anthu akamvetsetsa kuti kulolerana kwa ± 0.03mm pampando wonyamula ndizomwe zimalepheretsa mpope kuti zisagwedezeke mpaka kufa pakatha chaka, amatha kusamala. Ndilo gawo losaoneka la magawo opangira zolondola omwe simungagule ndi chida chatsopano chamakina.
Kumaliza: Maganizo Othandiza
Ndiye, zitatha zonsezi, nditenga chiyani? Kupanga magawo olondola ndi njira yolondolera. Ndiko kumvetsetsa mwakuya kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu, njira, zolinga zamapangidwe, ndi mtengo. Ndizosokoneza, zobwerezabwereza, komanso zodzaza ndi zosintha zobisika. Mashopu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri si omwe ali ndi maloboti atsopano, koma omwe ali ndi zolemba zambiri-zolemba zenizeni kapena zophiphiritsa za zomwe zinagwira ntchito ndi zomwe sizinagwire ntchito zikwizikwi zapitazo.
Cholinga si ungwiro popanda kanthu. Ikupereka chigawo chomwe chimasowa m'gulu lake ndikungogwira ntchito, kwa moyo wake wonse, popanda kukangana. Izi zimafuna malingaliro ogwirizana kuyambira pachithunzi choyambirira. Imafunika ogulitsa omwe amabweretsa zenizeni zopanga patebulo lopanga, ndi opanga omwe amamvera. Mukapeza mgwirizano wotero, ndipamene mumapeza kulondola kwenikweni - mtundu womwe umakhazikika pamalo omangapo afumbi, m'chipinda chopanda kanthu, kapena mkati mwa injini yogwirira ntchito, osati mu labu ya metrology yokhala ndi mpweya wozizira.
Pamapeto pake, zimafika pazochitikira. Palibe cholowa m'malo mwa kukhala ndi gawo lofananira m'mbuyomu, pazinthu zofananira, ndikukumbukira momwe zovutazo zidathetsedwa. Chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa chimenecho, mtundu womwe udamangidwa zaka 30 zolimbana ndi chilichonse kuyambira chitsulo chonyezimira mpaka ma aloyi a cobalt, ndiye chida chachikulu kwambiri chopangira magawo omwe ali olondola ndendende.
