Anthu ambiri akamva 'kupanga zitsulo za ufa', nthawi yomweyo amajambula ntchito yosavuta yosindikizira-ndi-sinter-kusakaniza ufa, kuupanikiza kuti ukhale wooneka bwino, ndikuuphika. Ndilo maphunziro a 101, koma zenizeni pansi pashopu, makamaka mukaphatikiza magawowa mumisonkhano yayikulu kapena zofunikira, ndi chilombo chosiyana. Sizongopanga mawonekedwe; Ndizokhudza kuyang'anira kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, kumvetsetsa momwe ma alloying amachitira mu mawonekedwe a ufa motsutsana ndi kusungunuka, komanso kuthana ndi zochitika zapambuyo-sintering zowongolera mawonekedwe. Makasitomala ambiri amabwera kwa ife Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. kuganiza PM ndi wotsika mtengo dontho-mu m'malo kwa machined kapena kuponyedwa gawo, ndipo ndi pamene gulu loyamba la mutu umayamba.
Malingaliro Azinthu Zakuthupi: Sizitsulo Zokha
Chimodzi mwazosintha zazikulu m'malingaliro ndi zinthu zomwezo. Kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel m'mizere yathu yopangira ndalama ndi CNC makina amakupatsirani chidziwitso chakuyenda, kuchepa, ndi kuvala kwa zida. Ndi ufa, chidziwitsocho chimasinthidwa. Kugawidwa kwa tinthu tating'ono, mawonekedwe (ozungulira vs. osakhazikika), ndi mafuta osakanikirana-zonse zimalamulira kutuluka mu kufa ndi mphamvu yobiriwira yomaliza. Tapeza ma ufa omwe amawoneka bwino pa pepala lodziwika bwino koma amakana kuyenda mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zida zovuta. Mumaphunzira kufunsa zenizeni zoyeserera zoyeserera, osati satifiketi yokha.
Ndiye pali alloying. Mukusungunuka, mumapeza kusakaniza kofanana. Mu kupanga zitsulo za ufa, nthawi zambiri mumagwira ntchito ndi ufa wopangidwa kale kapena zomangika. The sintering mbiri kukwaniritsa homogenization yoyenera popanda kupotoza mbali ndi yothina kuyenda. Kwa gawo lovala kwambiri lomwe tidapanga pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa aloyi wopangidwa ndi cobalt, kuzungulira kwa sintering kumabweretsa kukula kwakukulu kwa tirigu m'magawo ena, kupha kukana kuvala. Tinayenera kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikugwira ntchito ndi wothandizira ufa kuti tiwongolere mbiri ya kutentha kwa nthawi, ndikuwonjezera kuzizira kozizira pambuyo pa sinter. Ndi nkhondo zakuthupi izi zomwe mabuku amalephera.
Ndipo kuipitsidwa — wakupha mwakachetechete. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka zinthu zakunja kapena makutidwe ndi okosijeni pakugwira kungapangitse mawanga ofooka. Zomwe takumana nazo m'zipinda zoyang'anizana ndi zipinda zoyendetsera ndalama zidatipangitsa kukayikira izi m'mbuyomu. Tinakhazikitsa malo osungira ufa, omwe amawoneka ngati ochulukirapo mpaka tidatsata gulu la magawo omwe ali ndi kuuma kosagwirizana kubwerera ku chidebe chosakanizira choipitsidwa. The kupanga ufa zitsulo ndi zambiri zokhuza kasamalidwe ndi kasungidwe kanyumba monga momwe zilili ndi atolankhani.
The Tooling Tango: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana Ndi Vala
Zida ndi pomwe mtengo ndi zovuta zimabisala. Aliyense amayang'ana kwambiri matani atolankhani, koma kapangidwe kake, kulolerana kwa nkhonya, ndi kusankha kwa zida zomwe zimapanga kapena kusokoneza kupanga. Timapanga ndi kupanga zida zamkati zopangira makina athu opangira makina, kotero tidayika malingaliro amenewo kwa PM. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu poyamba. Kupsa mtima kwa ufa wachitsulo, makamaka ma aloyi olimba, amatafuna kudzera muzitsulo zokhazikika mwachangu kuposa kudula zitsulo mu CNC makina ntchito.
Tinaphunzira movutirapo pa ntchito imene tinagwira kwa nthaŵi yaitali yogwira ntchito yachitsulo. Zingwe zapakati, zopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chodziwika bwino cha H13, zinayamba kusonyeza kuvala pambuyo pa maulendo a 20,000, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwa gawo limodzi - chilango cha imfa chololera. Tinayenera kuyimitsa, kupanganso zoyikapo za carbide pamalo ovala ovuta, ndikudya nthawi yopuma. Tsopano, kusankha zida ndi gawo loyambira pazokambirana za polojekiti iliyonse yatsopano ya PM. Si chowonjezera; ndi chodyedwa chokhala ndi mzere wolunjika ku gawo lanu labwino komanso mtengo wagawo lililonse.
Chinthu chinanso chothandizira ndi ejection. Kupeza gawo lobiriwira losalimba kuchokera mukufa kovutirapo popanda kusweka kapena laminating ndi luso. Kuchuluka kwa springback pambuyo pa compaction kumasiyanasiyana ndi kachulukidwe ndi aloyi. Tidakhala ndi magawo omwe amakanikizidwa mokongola koma osweka pa ejection chifukwa chakufacho chinali cholakwika pakuphatikizika komweku. Mumamva kumverera - nthawi zina kuwonjezera theka la digiri kapena kumaliza kosiyana pang'ono pa khoma lakufa kumapangitsa kusiyana konse. Izi si mapulogalamu mukhoza kutengera mwangwiro; ndi kuyesa, zolakwika, ndi kuwonera pa atolankhani.
Sintering: Bokosi Lakuda lomwe siliri
Sintering nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ngati sitepe yakuda ya bokosi-zigawo zonyamula, kuthamanga, kutsitsa. Kunena zoona, ndi mtima wa ndondomeko, kumene ufa particles kuwotcherera pamodzi ndi katundu womaliza amabadwa. Mlengalenga wa ng'anjo ndi chirichonse. Kutha pang'ono kwa kaboni mu gasi wa endothermic kumatha kuwononga gawo lachitsulo, ndikuwononga kuuma kwake. Nthawi zambiri timayendetsa ng'anjo za vacuum kapena zoyera kwambiri pantchito yathu ya aloyi wapamwamba, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo koma kuwongolera.
Kutentha kofanana ndi chilombo china. Kutentha kwa 10-15 ° C mu ng'anjo yayikulu kungayambitse kuchepa kwa kusiyana, kupotoza mbalizo. Ife kamodzi tinali ndi gulu la zitsulo flanges amatuluka ndi uta wowoneka bwino. Kuyitsatira kunatifikitsa ku chinthu chowotcha chomwe sichinapangike kuti chikhale chocheperako. Tsopano, kufufuza kwanthawi zonse kwa ng'anjo ndi mabanja otentha sikungakambirane. Ndi chinthu chokonza chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri zokolola.
Ndipo kuziziritsa—sikungozimitsa basi. Kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic, kuzizira kwa kutentha kwa sintering kumatsimikizira kuuma kwa as-sintered. Mochedwa kwambiri, ndipo mwakhazikika ndi gawo lofewa lomwe limafuna chithandizo chachiwiri cha kutentha, kuwonjezera mtengo ndi chiwopsezo chosokoneza. Kupeza mbiri yoziziritsa mu ng'anjo yokha ndiyowonjezera phindu. Apa ndipamene zaka makumi ambiri zakutentha kwanyengo kuchokera ku zathu chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi ntchito zochizira kutentha zimadutsa mungu wolunjika pakuwongolera machitidwe athu a PM sintering.
Pambuyo Pokonza: Zoyipa Zofunikira
Kawirikawiri gawo la PM limatuluka pa lamba wokonzekera kutumizidwa. Ambiri amafunikira mtundu wina wa post-processing. Apa ndipamene luso lathu lalikulu lili CNC makina amakhala wotsutsa. Machining a sintered gawo ndi osiyana. Ndi porous, yomwe ingakhale yabwino kunyamula mafuta koma yowopsya pa moyo wa chida - ndi yopweteka. Simungagwiritse ntchito ma feed ndi liwiro lomwelo ngati chinthu chopangidwa. Tidawononga zoyika zambiri tisanayimbe magawo oyenera, nthawi zambiri timasankha zida za CBN kapena zokutidwa ndi diamondi kuti tigwiritse ntchito nthawi yayitali pazinthu zachitsulo.
Machitidwe achiwiri monga kupanga saizi (ndalama) kapena kuchitira nthunzi ndizofala. Kuchiza ndi nthunzi pothira makutidwe ndi okosijeni pamwamba ndi kusindikiza zigawo zachitsulo ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba. Imawongolera kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kulimba kwamphamvu, koma imasinthanso kukula pang'ono ndikuwonjezera brittle pamwamba wosanjikiza. Ngati mbali ikufunika Machining wotsatira, muyenera kuchita izo pamaso mankhwala nthunzi. Tidayeneranso kutsata machitidwe kangapo titazindikira kulolerana kophonya komwe sikukadatha kukwaniritsidwa pambuyo pa nthunzi. Zimakukakamizani kuti muganizire za ndondomeko yonse kuyambira pa chithunzi choyamba.
Impregnation ndi ina. Pazigawo zokhala ndi kukakamiza, nthawi zambiri mumafunika kuyika utomoni kapena polima kuti musindikize porosity yolumikizana. Chinyengo ndikulowa kwathunthu popanda kusiya zotsalira zosokoneza pamalo ovuta. Tagwira ntchito ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyimiritsa - vacuum, kukakamiza, kuviika - ndipo tapeza kuti kachulukidwe ka gawolo ndi kaphatikizidwe ka pore, zotsimikizika mmbuyo movutikira, zimatchula njira yomwe ingagwire ntchito. Ndi mndandanda wa zodalira zomwe zimapanga kupanga ufa zitsulo dongosolo lophatikizika kwenikweni la uinjiniya.
Kuphatikiza ndi Kuyesa Kwapadziko Lonse
Umboni womaliza umakhala nthawi zonse mu msonkhano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Magiya a PM amatha kuyesa payekhapayekha koma amalephera kunyamula katundu chifukwa cha kupsinjika kotsalira kapena kusiyanasiyana kosadziwika bwino pamizu. Ntchito yathu ku QSY nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kupereka osati gawo la PM, koma nyumba zomangidwa ndi makina kapena gawo lomwe limalumikizana nalo. Chidziwitso choyima ichi ndi chamtengo wapatali. Tapeza zosokoneza pamapangidwe chifukwa titha kuwona momwe gawo la sintered, lomwe lili ndi gulu lake losiyana pang'ono, lingagwirizane ndi gulu lomwe timapanganso.
Mlandu umodzi unali ndi mpando wovuta wa valve wopangidwa kudzera pa PM kuchokera ku alloy yapadera. Zinachita bwino pamayeso a labu koma zidalephera msanga m'munda. Kusanthula kulephera kukuwonetsa kuvala movutikira motsutsana ndi thupi lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Yankho lake silinali kusintha gawo la PM, koma kutchulanso kumalizidwa kosiyana pagawo lopanga mating lomwe timapanga m'nyumba. Kukhala ndi ulamuliro panjira zingapo zopangira pansi pa denga limodzi pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com imalola mayankho athunthu awa omwe shopu yoyimirira ya PM ingavutike kuwona.
Choncho, pamene ine ndikuganiza za kupanga ufa zitsulo, si atolankhani chabe. Ndi symphony of powder science, tooling craft, thermal management, and post-process finishing, zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi kumvetsetsa mozama momwe zipangizo zimakhalira. Ndi chida champhamvu, koma chomwe chimafuna ulemu pazosiyana zake. Cholinga si kupanga gawo lotsika mtengo; ndikupanga gawo lodalirika lomwe limagwira ntchito mdziko lenileni, nthawi zambiri ngati gawo la dongosolo lalikulu lomwe timathandizira kuti likhale lamoyo.
