Mukalankhula ma valve, aliyense amalumphira ku disc, tsinde, actuator. The mphete yapampando? Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zongoganiziridwa pambuyo pake, gawo lazachuma. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. M'zaka makumi atatu kuzungulira ma castings ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina, ndawonapo kulephera kwa ma valve kumabwerera kumpando kuposa gawo lina lililonse. Ndi mawonekedwe omwe amasindikiza mgwirizano, kwenikweni. Thupi la valavu langwiro ndilopanda ntchito ngati mpando sungathe kupirira kapena kupirira TV. Lingaliro lolakwika ndilakuti ndi mphete yachitsulo yomwe mumakanikizamo. Si. Ndi gawo lolondola lomwe magwiridwe ake amadalira kugwirizana kwa zinthu, kulolerana kwa makina, ndi kukhulupirika kwa kukhazikitsa.
Zofunika Si Zolemba Zapadera
Mumapeza chojambula choyitanira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316 mphete yapampando. Zosavuta, chabwino? Osati ndithu. Kodi ndi ya mzere wamadzi wokhazikika kapena wa gasi wowawasa ndi H2S? Aloyi yoyambira ikhoza kukhala yofanana, koma njira yolephereka siyingakhale. Tinaphunzira izi kumayambiriro. Mipando yambiri yamafakitale, yopangidwa kuchokera ku 316 bar yokhazikika, idayamba kuwonetsa ming'alu yaying'ono patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zomwe zidachitikazi zidakwaniritsidwa mwaukadaulo, koma zenizeni za kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kwa chloride sikunalembedwe. Wogulayo akuganiza kuti 316 adaphimba. Tsopano, timabowola mozama. Ngati ndi ntchito yovuta, timakankhira kuti tiyang'ane kwambiri za chemistry yosungunuka ndipo timapereka lingaliro la duplex kapena nickel-based alloy ngati Inconel 625 ya mphete ya mpando, makamaka ngati ili yophatikizidwa ndi chimbale cholimba. Sizokhudza kugulitsa malonda; ndi za mphete yomwe idapulumuka mkombero woyamba wa kutentha ndi wa zana.
Apa ndipamene kuyambika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi luso la makina amalipira. Ku QSY, ndi zaka zopitilira 30 ndikuyika zipolopolo ndikuponya ndalama, tathira ndikukonza chilichonse. Mipando yachitsulo yoponyera mavavu otsika mtengo, CF8M ya ntchito wamba wamankhwala, ndiyeno zapaderazi: zokutira zokhala ndi cobalt zochokera ku Stellite 6 za nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, kapena mphete zolimba za Hastelloy C-276 za asidi woyipa kwambiri. Chisankho cha mphete ya mpando chimatengera chilichonse kunsi kwa mtsinje - njira yoponyera (chipolopolo cha chipolopolo chovuta komanso kuchuluka kwake, ndalama zopangira ma superalloys ndi mawonekedwe ovuta), njira yopangira makina, ndi njira yomaliza yoyendera.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yobwezeretsanso malo oyeretsera. Iwo anali kusintha mavavu mu coker unit. Mipando yomwe inalipo, yopangidwa kuchokera ku 410 zosapanga dzimbiri, inali kutha pakatha milungu ingapo. Vuto silinali kutentha kokha; chinali kuphatikiza kutentha ndi minyewa ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Tinakonza mphete yokhala ndi tsinde la 304 koma yokhala ndi zokutira pamoto wa tungsten carbide pankhope yosindikiza. Makinawa amayenera kukhala angwiro - gawo lapansi limafunikira mawonekedwe apadera kuti zokutira zitsatike, ndipo chomaliza chakumapeto kuyenera kukhala sub-micron kuti chisindikizo chikhale chosalala. Zinagwira ntchito, kukulitsa moyo wautumiki kupitirira chaka chimodzi. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Mpando mphete chuma si monolithic; ikhoza kukhala dongosolo lamagulu.
Precision Machining: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Chuck
Nayi gawo la gritty. Mutha kukhala ndi aloyi yabwino kwambiri, koma ngati makinawo akuzimitsidwa, mphete yapampando ndiyopanda pake. Kumapeto kwa malo osindikizira, kusalala kapena kukhazikika, mbali yakumbuyo ya kusindikiza-izi si manambala pachojambula. Iwo amamverera. Pa CNC, mumayipanga, koma muyenera kudziwa. Kudula mphete yofewa, ya gummy Inconel ndi dziko losiyana ndi kupanga chitsulo cholimba, cholimba. Kuvala kwa zida, kuthamanga kwa ozizira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya - zonsezi zimasintha. Kuyankhulana pang'ono pa pass yomaliza pa a mphete yapampando kusindikiza pamwamba kumatha kupanga njira yotayira yosawoneka ndi maso koma yomveka ngati tsiku pakuyesa kutayikira kwa helium.
Timachita zambiri izi m'malo athu. Ulalo wa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com sumangotsogolera ku kabuku; imayimira pansi pomwe mbalizi zimapangidwira. Pampando wa valve yachipata chothamanga kwambiri, titha kuupanga kuchokera pagulu lopanda kanthu. Njirayi imayamba kuvuta, kenako kuchepetsa nkhawa, kenako kumaliza, kenako kumaliza komaliza ndi chida cha CBN kuti mupeze Ra 0.8 μm ngati galasi. Kulekerera kwa OD kwa kusokoneza kokwanira kungakhale +0.000/+0.0005. Ndi theka la iwe. Mukupuma molakwika, ndipo zachoka. Ndipo inu simungakhoze kungoyezera iyo kamodzi; mumachiyeza chikazizira mpaka 20 ° C, chifukwa chitsulo chimakula.
Vuto lodziwika bwino ndikungoganiza kuti mphete yapampando ndi gawo losavuta lotembenuzidwa. Pamipando ya valavu ya mpira, makamaka pamapangidwe opangidwa ndi trunnion, geometry ndi yovuta - ikhoza kukhala ndi thumba lozungulira, mabowo a bawuti, ndi ma grooves osindikizira. Pulogalamu ya CNC iyenera kuyankha pakupatuka kwa zida mu nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi ina tinali ndi gulu pomwe poyambira chosindikizira chachiwiri cha elastomeric chinali ma microns ochepa kwambiri. Mipandoyo idadutsa kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino, koma panthawi ya msonkhano, mphete ya O sinaphatikize mokwanira. Zotsatira zake? Kulephera kwa mayeso osindikiza otsika. Anayenera kutaya zidutswa 200. Kukonza sikunali kungosintha pulogalamu; zinali kutsimikizira kuti nsonga yozungulira ya chida sinathe, kusintha kuya kwake koyenera.
The Installation Gambit
Ino ndi nthawi ya chowonadi, ndipo nthawi zambiri sichikhala m'manja mwathu monga wopanga. Mphete yapampando yopangidwa mwaluso imatha kuonongeka mumasekondi awiri ndi cholumikizira cholemera. Njira yachikale ndi makina osindikizira a hydraulic kapena ngakhale nyundo ndi kuyendetsa. Kuopsa kwake? Kukokera mphete pabowo, kugwedeza malo ofewa, kapena kupanga ting'onoting'ono tating'ono. Pampando wokhala ndi mphete yokwanira, nthawi zonse timatchula ngodya yotsogolera-mu chamfer ndi mphamvu yaikulu yosindikizira. Nthawi zina timapereka mandrel oyikapo kuti tigawire katunduyo mofanana.
Ndimalimbikitsa kuchepa ngati kuli kotheka. Kutenthetsa thupi la vavu, ikani mphete yapachipinda chotenthetseramo. Ndi yoyera, yofananira. Koma muyenera kuwerengera ma coefficients owonjezera amafuta molondola. Kutenthetsa thupi lachitsulo cha kaboni mpaka 250 ° C kuti ligwirizane ndi mphete ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumagwira ntchito chifukwa chosapanga chitsulo chimakula pang'ono. Igwetseni mkati, imazizira, ndipo mumapeza mphamvu yokhazikika, yosungira kwambiri. Chinsinsi ndikuwongolera kutentha kuti musakhudze kupsa mtima kwa thupi kapena kuuma kwa mpando. Tapereka ma sheet oyika zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira yotenthetsera, kutentha, ndi kuzizira. Zimawoneka mochulukira kwa mphete, koma zimalepheretsa kuyimba foni.
Kulephera koipitsitsa komwe ndidawonako kudachitika chifukwa chodumphira molakwika. Mukakanikiza mphete yapampando, mapangidwe ena amafuna nkhonya zingapo (staking) kuzungulira thupi la vavu kuti awononge zitsulo kumbuyo kwa mpheteyo ndikuyitseka. Katswiri wina anagwiritsa ntchito nkhonya ya mpweya yomwe inali yamphamvu kwambiri. Kugwedezekako kunasokoneza mphete yapampando mokulirapo kuchokera pamalo okwera. Vavu yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa hydro, koma mng'aluwo unafalikira pansi pa opareshoni ya cyclic ndipo mphete yapampando idagawika pakati patatha miyezi itatu, ndikuyambitsa kutayikira kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake? The staking ndondomeko sanali linkagwirizana ndi mpando mphete zinthu brittleness. Tsopano, pazida zosalimba, nthawi zambiri timalimbikitsa kupanga mphete yapampando yolumikizidwa kapena weld m'malo mwa chosindikizira chokhazikika.
Nkhani Yoyambira: Thermal Power Plant Debacle
Nkhani yeniyeni yomwe inalimbitsa maganizo anga. Chomera chotenthetsera chinayitanitsa ma valve akuluakulu opatula nthunzi. Mipandoyo idatchulidwa momwe Stellite 6 adayang'ana. Wopereka (osati ife panthawiyo) adakumana nawo powotcherera ndodo ya Stellite pa mphete yachitsulo ya kaboni. Kumveka muyezo. Koma njira yowotcherera idapanga madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha komwe kumakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri zotsalira. Pamakina, kupsyinjika kunachepetsedwa pang'ono, koma osati kwathunthu. Mipandoyo itayikidwa ndipo makinawo adapita pa intaneti, kuthamanga kwachangu kotentha kuchokera kumadera ozungulira mpaka 540 ° C kunapangitsa kuti Stellite layer pamipando ingapo iwonongeke ndikusenda ngati khungu la nthochi. Kutayikira kowopsa.
The post-mortem analoza kukonzekera gawo lapansi ndi kuwotcherera njira. Pamene Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) anabweretsedwa kuti azipereka m'malo, tinatengera njira ina. Pampando, tidagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe olimba a Stellite 6 kudzera pakupanga ndalama pa mphete yonse. Zokwera mtengo? Inde. Koma inathetsa mawonekedwe a bimetal ndi chiopsezo chogwirizana cha delamination. Makinawa anali ochedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zida za ceramic, koma zotsatira zake zinali zofanana. Mavavu amenewo akugwirabe ntchito. Chotengera mphete yapampando apa ndikuti njira yopangira - kaya ndi yokutidwa ndi bimetal, kuyika kolimba, kapena zitsulo zamafuta - ndizofunika kwambiri monga momwe zimakhalira. Simungathe kuwalekanitsa awiriwo.
Izi zikukhudza momwe timagwirira ntchito pano. Kwa otsutsa mphete yapampando ntchito, sitingoyang'ana zakuthupi; timawonanso malo onse ogwira ntchito-kutentha kwa kutentha, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, makina osindikizira, komanso ngakhale kuthamanga kwachangu (valavu ya slam-shut ndi yovuta kwambiri pampando kusiyana ndi yotseka pang'onopang'ono). Kuwona kwathunthu kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumatitsogolera kuti tipereke yankho lamphamvu kuyambira poyambira, ngakhale litakhala lokwera mtengo kwambiri. Zimamanga kudalirika.
Pambuyo pa Zitsulo: Tsogolo ndi Zofunika Kwambiri
Pali macheza okhudza ma polima apamwamba, zoumba, komanso ngakhale 3D-yosindikizidwa latice nyumba mipando. Kwa kagawo kakang'ono, kupanikizika pang'ono, ntchito zowononga, PEEK kapena mipando yolimbikitsidwa ya PTFE ndizabwino. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma valve a mafakitale - mafuta ndi gasi, mphamvu, mankhwala - mphete zazitsulo sizikupita kulikonse. Chisinthikocho chili mwatsatanetsatane: kulolerana kolimba kudzera pa CNC yabwino, kuyesa kosawononga ngati gawo la ultrasound kuti muwone zolakwika zomangira zomangira, ndi zokutira zapamwamba ngati mafilimu a ceramic a PVD kuti muchepetse mikangano ndi kuvala.
Komabe, ukadaulo wonsewu ukukhazikika pazoyambira. Kuzungulira koyera, kolembedwa bwino kwamphete wapampando wopanda kanthu. Makina okhazikika, okhazikika a CNC. Labu ya metrology yomwe imamvetsetsa gage R&R. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, anthu omwe ali pansi omwe amadziwa kuti chiphaso chomaliza pa nkhope yosindikizira si ntchito ina - ndi yomwe imapanga kapena kuswa valve. Pa QSY, kuti 30-zaka mbiri si chiwerengero chabe; Ndizokumbukira zamaphunziro zing'onozing'ono zikwi zambiri zomwe zaphunziridwa pansi pa sitolo, maphunziro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse ntchito yatsopano ya mphete ikabwera.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukadzayang'ana chojambula cha valve kapena mawu, musayang'ane pampando wa mphete. Funsani mafunso. Kodi malo ochitira zinthu ndi otani? Kodi amapangidwa bwanji - kuponyedwa, kupezedwa, kupangidwa kuchokera ku bar? Kodi ikuikidwa bwanji? Mphete yaying'onoyo imanyamula mphamvu yonse yamagetsi pamene valavu yatsekedwa. Kuchita kwake ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kutsekedwa kolimba ndi zochitika zachilengedwe kapena kutsekedwa kwa ndondomeko. Chichitireni ndi ulemu womwe linchpin imayenera. Pezani zinthu ndi ndondomeko yoyenera, ndipo valavu yotsalayo nthawi zambiri imadzisamalira yokha.
