Anthu ambiri akamva 'zigawo zoponyera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri' amajambula chinthu chonyezimira, cholemera, komanso 'chamafakitale' momveka bwino. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Chowonadi ndi chovuta kwambiri, chochulukirapo, ndipo chimaphatikizapo chemistry ndi thermodynamics monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito zitsulo. Sikuti kungothira zitsulo zosungunuka mu dzenje lamchenga; ndi za kuwongolera zosinthika zana kuti ziteteze gawo kuti lisaphwanyike pansi pa kupsinjika kwake komwe kumatenthedwa kapena kuwononga mumtsuko wina wamankhwala. Mapeto omwe mukuwona ndi 10% yomaliza ya nkhaniyi; 90% yoyamba ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi sayansi.
Aloyi Si Chinsinsi, Ndi Poyambira
Makasitomala nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi pepala loti 316L ndikuganiza kuti ndi zimenezo. Koma 316L yochokera ku Mill A imatha kuchita mosiyana ndi 316L kuchokera ku Mill B chifukwa chofufuza zinthu ndi machitidwe osungunuka. Tinaphunzira izi movutirapo kale ndi gulu la nyumba zopopera. Adadutsa ma certs onse koma adayamba kuwonetsa ma micro-fissures pamalo okhala ndi chloride yapamwamba patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Aloyiyo inali 'yolondola', koma mbiri yakale sinali yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Tsopano, timakhala nthawi yochuluka tikukambirana za malo ogwirira ntchito - pH, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, media abrasive - monga momwe timapangira zojambulazo. The zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuponya zigawo pamadzi a m'madzi ndi valavu yopangira chakudya akhoza kukhala 316L, koma zosowa zawo zazing'ono ndizosiyana.
Apa ndipamene maubwenzi a nthawi yayitali amafunikira. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu akuponya ndi kupanga makina, mwina ali ndi laibulale yakuya, yothandiza ya momwe kutentha kosasunthika kumachitira mu zipolopolo zawo ndi njira zopangira ndalama. Kukumbukira kwamabungwe ndi chinthu chomwe simungathe kutsitsa kuchokera ku database. Amatchulanso kugwira ntchito ndi ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala, zomwe zimandiuza kuti amazolowera kuchita ndi zitsulo zolimba kwambiri - zosapanga dzimbiri ndiye polowera.
Kuthira palokha ndi zenera lovuta. Mukuyang'ana kutuluka, momwe chitsulo chimadzazira nkhungu-zowonongeka kwambiri ndipo mumapeza oxide inclusions; mochedwa kwambiri ndipo mumatseka zozizira. Za zovuta zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuponya zigawo ndi zigawo zoonda, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito kuponyera kwa vacuum-assisted kapena tilt kuthira kuwongolera kudzaza. Sichizoloŵezi chokhazikika pa ntchito iliyonse, koma ndi chida chomwe mumafunikira pamene geometry ikufuna. Cholinga chake ndi cholimba, chofanana kuyambira pachiyambi, chifukwa simungathe kupanga makina a porosity.
Geometry Imawongolera Njira (Osati Njira Ina Yozungulira)
Ili ndi lamulo lofunikira. Simusankha pakati pa kuumba chipolopolo ndi kuponya ndalama chifukwa chimodzi ndi 'chabwino'. Mumasankha chifukwa gawolo likukuuzani kutero. Ndimakumbukira gawo la tsamba la turbine lokhala ndi njira zoziziritsira mkati zomwe zinali zosatheka kuzipanga. Njira yokhayo inali kupanga ndalama - kupanga maziko a ceramic pozungulira chitsulocho. Kuchotsa pachimake pambuyo pake ndi ntchito yake yokhazikika. Kumangirira kwa zipolopolo, kumbali ina, ndikosangalatsa kwapakatikati-kuvuta, zigawo zazikulu za voliyumu monga matupi a valve kapena zoyika zitoliro. Kumapeto kwapamwamba ndikwabwino, kulolerana kowoneka bwino ndikwabwino, ndipo ndikokwera mtengo pamitundu ina yamagulu.
Mndandanda wa QSY wa nkhungu zonse za chipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama monga zaluso zikunena. Zimatanthawuza kuti iwo (kapena mainjiniya awo) ali ndi malingaliro oyendetsa polojekitiyo kudzera munjira yoyenera. Ndawonapo masitolo akuyesera kukakamiza chikhomo chapakati pa dzenje lozungulira, pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopangira ndalama zosavuta chifukwa ndi zomwe ali nazo, ndikuwomba bajeti. Woyambitsa wanzeru amawunika gawolo, kulolerana kwake kofunikira, kumaliza kwake (mtengo wa Ra), ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndiye amalimbikitsa njirayo. Nthawi zina, pagawo lovuta kwambiri, ndi njira yosakanizidwa - kugulitsa ndalama kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito luso lawo la makina a CNC kugunda miyeso ndi ulusi womaliza.
Kunena za makina, ndicho theka lina la choonadi. Gawo lotayira silikhala lokonzeka kutumizidwa. Malo olowera ayenera kuchotsedwa, malo opangidwa ndi makina kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zina, mabowo amabowoledwa ndikuponyedwa. Kuphatikiza kwa kuponyera ndi CNC pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY ili, ndi mwayi waukulu. Imawonetsetsa kuti akatswiri amamvetsetsa zolakwika zomwe angapangire - monga momwe shrinkage porosity imatha kubisalira - ndipo amatha kukonzekera mabala awo moyenerera. Imapewa masewero olakwa pakati pa foundry ndi malo ogulitsira makina pamene chida chikagunda chobisika.
Mtengo Wobisika: Kuyesa Kopanda Zowononga ndi Kukonzanso
Bajeti ya polojekiti yoponya nthawi zambiri imanyalanyaza gawo loyang'anira ndi kukonzanso. Apa ndi pamene khalidwe lenileni limatsimikiziridwa. Dye penetrant test (PT) ya ming'alu ya pamwamba, kuyesa kwa radiographic (RT) kwa voids mkati, kuyesa kukakamiza kwa zigawo zosindikizidwa - chilichonse chimawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi. Koma kulumpha ndi juga. Tinakhazikitsa lamulo: kwa aliyense zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuponya zigawo pachitetezo chofunikira kwambiri kapena chothandizira kwambiri, RT siyingakambirane, ngakhale zomwe kasitomala sangatchule. Zatipulumutsa ku zolephera zingapo.
Kukonzanso ndi chowonadi china. Kusagwirizana pang'ono pa nkhungu, kusintha pang'ono panthawi yolimba, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi flange yomwe ili 0.5mm kunja kwatchutchutchu. Kodi chingapulumutsidwe ndi kuwotcherera ndi kukonzanso makina? Nthawi zina, ngati muli ndi chowotcherera chovomerezeka cha kalasi yeniyeni yosapanga dzimbiri ndikutsatira ndondomeko yokhazikika yotetezera kutentha kwa pambuyo pa weld kuti mubwezeretse kukana kwa dzimbiri. Nthawi zina, ndi zochepa. Mtengo wa zokolola ndiye metric wofunikira pazida zilizonse. Zokolola zambiri zimasonyeza kulamulira bwino kwa ndondomeko. Mukawunika wogulitsa, kufunsa za kuchuluka kwa zokolola za magawo ofanana kumawonetsa zambiri kuposa kungofunsa mtengo.
The Special Alloys pafupi
Kugwira ntchito ndi standard 304 kapena 316 zosapanga dzimbiri kumakuphunzitsani kulumphira ku ma superalloys a QSY, monga nickel kapena cobalt. Zitsulo izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Amakhala owoneka bwino akasungunuka, amakonda kung'ambika ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo amakhala ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zida panthawi yokonza. Mfundo za kulimba koyendetsedwa ndi kasamalidwe ka kutentha komwe mumaphunzira kuchokera ku zosapanga dzimbiri zimangokulirakulira. Ngati maziko atha kuthana ndi izi, zikuwonetsa kuti njira zawo zowongolera zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Ndi proxy yabwino kwa luso.
Mwachitsanzo, ma geting ndi okwera - njira zomwe zimadyetsa chitsulo chosungunuka m'kati mwake - popanga nickel alloy casting ndi ntchito yaukadaulo woyerekeza. Simukungodzaza mawonekedwe; mukuwongolera kutentha kuwonetsetsa kuti zigawo zokhuthala zikhale zolimba kuti musagwere mabowo. Kukonzekera kofananako, ndi ma stainers apamwamba, kumagwiranso ntchito pakufuna ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri. Zonse ndi zokhudza kutentha.
Lingaliro Lomaliza: Ndi Mgwirizano, Osati Kugula
Kuyitanitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuponya zigawo sizili ngati kugula mabawuti opanda pake. Ndi mgwirizano waukadaulo. Ntchito zopambana kwambiri zimachitika pamene kasitomala agawana zonse zomwe gawolo likugwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo mazikowo amapereka ndemanga pamapangidwe opangira kupanga - kuwonetsa ma angles owoneka bwino, olimbikitsa makulidwe a khoma lofanana, kulangiza komwe angayike mizere yolekanitsa. Zomwe adakumana nazo, monga zaka 30 zotchulidwa ndi QSY, ndizosungirako zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zomwe sizili mdziko lenileni.
Mapeto ake ayenera kukhala osawoneka. Isalephere, isachite dzimbiri nthawi isanakwane, ingochita. Kudalirika kumeneko ndi mtengo weniweni wa kuponyedwa kopangidwa bwino, kutali kwambiri ndi mtengo wa kilogalamu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi zotsatira za chikwi zing'onozing'ono, zisankho zolondola kuchokera kusungunuka mpaka kutumiza, zambiri zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto sadzaziwona - ndipo ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira.
